Analysis of the Grammatical Elements in Vikrama Cholan Ula

Tamil literature can be divided chronologically into various categories. Among these, the period of Nayak is called the period of Sitrilakkiyam. There are nine hundred and six types of Sri Lankan literature. This literature reached its peak during the Nayak period. But the origins of Sitrilakkiyam letters are earlier in the history of Tamil literature. Poet Ottakoothar lived in the 12th century AD. This was the end of the Chola Empire. Vikrama Cholan (1118–1135 AD), his son Kulothunga Cholan II (1135–1150 AD), and his son Rajaraja II (1150–1163 AD)—all three have sung the Ottakootha of Moovarula. This study looks at the praises for Vikrama Chola and the grammatical elements mentioned in Patiyal texts

A New Class of Nano Generalized Closed Sets in Nano Topological Spaces

In this paper, we introduce a new class of nano generalized closed sets in nano topological spaces namely nano generalized -closed sets.  Then we discuss some of its properties and investigate their relation with many other nano closed sets.  Also, we define nano generalized -open set and discuss its relation with other open sets. Finally, we define the properties of nano generalized -interior and nano generalized -closure

A hydatidiform mole in a postmenopausal woman

Gestational trophoblastic disease occurs in less than 1 per 1200 pregnancies. The spectrum of this disease ranges from benign hydatidiform mole to trophoblastic malignancy (placental-site trophoblastic tumor and choriocarcinoma). Benign gestational trophoblastic disease generally occurs in women of reproductive age and is extremely rare in postmenopausal women. We report a case of a 54-year-old postmenopausal woman who underwent an emergency total abdominal hysterectomy due to uncontrollable vaginal bleeding associated with an increased serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin level. The resected uterus contained an endometrial, cystic, grapelike tumor. Microscopic examination demonstrated hydropic degenerated villi with a circumferential trophoblastic cell proliferation and moderate atypia, consistent with a complete hydatidiform mole. Only isolated cases of hydatiform mole in elderly women have been reported in literature. But there still remains a risk of developing gestational trophoblastic disease in the elderly and it should always be included in the differential diagnosis of postmenopausal bleed

Knowledge, attitude and practice of self medication among undergraduate medical students in a teaching institution

Background: Self medication is the usage of medicines without the advice of the physicians, without proper diagnosis of the illnesses and without any prescription. Medical students are more liable to self medicate themselves due to their partial knowledge and easy availability of drugs. This study was conducted to assess the pattern of self medication in undergraduate medical students. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of self medication among undergraduate medical students in Kanyakumari government medical college, a teaching institute in South Tamilnadu.Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was given to the undergraduate medical students who were willing to participate in the study. 264 students participated of which 111 were males and 153 were females in the age group of 17-24 yrs. Data were collected. Results were given as percentages and counts.Results: The prevalence of self medication was found to be 85.2% which is very high. Commonest reason was its usefulness in mild illnesses (89.3%). The commonly used group of drugs was antipyretics (98.6%), ointments (44.4%) and antibiotics (41.3%). The commonest source of information was old prescriptions (62.8%). The common ailments were fever (88%) and cough and cold (80.4%). Ironically 72.88% opined that self medication should not be practiced.Conclusions: Increased prevalence of self medication among medical students implies that they are highly exposed to the adverse effects of drugs. Steps should be taken to curtail self medication among medical students by educating and creating awareness among them

A review on various optimization techniques of resource provisioning in cloud computing

Cloud computing is the provision of IT resources (IaaS) on-demand using a pay as you go model over the internet.It is a broad and deep platform that helps customers builds sophisticated, scalable applications. To get the full benefits, research on a wide range of topics is needed. While resource over-provisioning can cost users more than necessary, resource under provisioning hurts the application performance. The cost effectiveness of cloud computing highly depends on how well the customer can optimize the cost of renting resources (VMs) from cloud providers. The issue of resource provisioning optimization from cloud-consumer potential is a complicated optimization issue, which includes much uncertainty parameters. There is a much research avenue available for solving this problem as it is in the real-world. Here, in this paper we provide details about various optimization techniques for resource provisioning

More Functions Related to ŠΑ^* - Open Set in Soft Topological Spaces

In this paper, we introduce some soft functions like Š Strongly  - continuous function, Š Perfectly  - continuous function, Š Totally  - continuous function. We study the connections of these function with other Š function. Also, we establish the relationships in between the above functions and also investigate various aspects of these functions

A study on perinatal outcomes in antenatal mothers with abnormal pulmonary function tests

Background: This study was done to assess the lung volumes by spirometry in all the three trimesters in antenatal mothers and to observe the effect of pulmonary function abnormality in mode of delivery and birth weight of babies.Methods: Our study included 100 antenatal mothers attending antenatal clinic in Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem, Tamil Nadu during the period of Jan 2017 to Dec 2017. It was a prospective observational study. Mothers were subjected to detailed physical and clinical examination. Basic investigations were done. Considering test by spirometry. The changes in the lung volumes were noted according to gestational age. The effect of pulmonary function abnormality in the mode of delivery and birth weight was observed.Results: One hundred antenatal mothers selected randomly were evaluated for the lung volumes by using spirometry. Out of the 100 cases, 17 belonged to I trimester, 46 belonged to II trimester and 37 belonged to III trimester. We noted a significant reduction in FVC in II and III trimester. This reduction was little more in II trimester. There was significant reduction in FEV1 in II trimester. The reduction in FEV1 and FVC did not influence the mode of delivery but it significantly affected the birth weight of babies. FEV1/FVC reduction had no influence in the mode of delivery and birth weight of babies.Conclusions: The present study highlighted that there was reduction in lung volumes in II and III trimester of pregnancy and it influenced the birth weight of babies. Hence it becomes essential to pay special attention to pulmonary functions during antenatal period

A comparative study of ADA and WHO criteria for screening of gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as carbohydrate intolerance with its onset or first recognition during present pregnancy. Objective of present study was to compare screening accuracy of ADA and WHO criteria for screening of gestational DM.Methods: This is a prospective comparative study using ADA and WHO criteria for the screening of GDM. Our objective was to study the implication of implementing the ADA guidelines and WHO guidelines for screening and diagnosis of GDM in 200 antenatal patients at Government Mohankumaramangalam Medical College, Salem during a period of one year from July 2015 to June 2016. All antenatal women attending AN OP between 24-28 weeks of gestation are subjected to fasting blood glucose measurement followed by an oral OGTT using 75 gms of glucose load. Venous blood samples are collected at the end of 1hr and 2hr. The ADA and WHO criteria were applied separately for each subject to diagnose GDMResults: As per ADA criteria presence of any one of either, Fasting blood sugar- 92 mg (5.1 mmol/L),1 hour postprandial-180mg (10.00mmol/L), 2 hour postprandial: 153 mg (8.5 mmol/L) was used for the diagnosis of GDM.As per WHO criteria presence of any one of either, Fasting blood sugar- 126mg/dl (7 mmol/dl) or 2 hour postprandial- 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/dl) for diagnosis of GDM. The 2hr value has the statistical significance in the diagnosis of GDM. The 1hr value done in ADA criteria does not have statistical significance when compared to 2hr value.Conclusions: Universal screening for GDM is necessary to diagnose Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Universal screening may not be feasible in resource poor settings, but it definitely improves the pregnancy outcomes considering the high prevalence of gestational diabetes in India

Bacoside A: Role in Cigarette Smoking Induced Changes in Brain

Cigarette smoking (CS) is a major health hazard that exerts diverse physiologic and biochemical effects mediated by the components present and generated during smoking. Recent experimental studies have shown predisposition to several biological consequences from both active and passive cigarette smoke exposure. In particular, passive smoking is linked to a number of adverse health effects which are equally harmful as active smoking. A pragmatic approach should be considered for designing a pharmacological intervention to combat the adverse effects of passive smoking. This review describes the results from a controlled experimental condition, testing the effect of bacoside A (BA) on the causal role of passive/secondhand smoke exposure that caused pathological and neurological changes in rat brain. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke induced significant changes in rat brain histologically and at the neurotransmitter level, lipid peroxidation states, mitochondrial functions, membrane alterations, and apoptotic damage in rat brain. Bacoside A is a neuroactive agent isolated from Bacopa monnieri. As a neuroactive agent, BA was effective in combating these changes. Future research should examine the effects of BA at molecular level and assess its functional effects on neurobiological and behavioral processes associated with passive smoke

Concurrent chemo radiation with cisplatin and bleomycin versus cisplatin alone in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity: a retrospective study.

Oral cavity cancer constitutes two thirds of locally advanced head and neck cancer in India and majority presents in advanced stage. Despite aggressive treatment disease outcome is poor. The aim of this study is to compare concurrent chemo radiation with cisplatin and bleomycin versus concurrent chemo radiation with cisplatin alone in locally advanced oral cavity cancer. Materials and methods: Patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity cancers registered at cancer institute from 2009 – 2011 were included in the study. Patients who were either taken up for initial surgery or treated with radiation therapy alone were excluded from study. Of 515 patients treated with concurrent chemo radiation, 112 � patients were treated with three weekly cisplatin along with biweekly bleomycin and 104 patients were treated with 3 weekly cisplatin alone concurrent with radiation therapy. Results: Among the patient treated with three weekly cisplatin and biweekly bleomycin there is increased two year disease free survival (45.5% versus 35.6%) and two year overall survival(60% versus 45.2%)on comparison with patients treated with three weekly cisplatin alone.(P <0.05). Three weekly cisplatin alone has lesser incidence of grade III mucositis, but comparable treatment breaks haematological toxicity, vomiting, treatment response when compared to three weekly cisplatin along with biweekly bleomycin. Conclusion: The addition bleomycin to cisplatin concurrently with radiation therapy increases disease free survival and overall survival, with manageable toxicity