Serum Lipid Profile of the Adult Habitual Consumers of Two Traditional Alcoholic Drinks Made in Benin

Alcohol consumption modifies many biological parameters. This study aimed to describe the profile of the serum lipids of adult habitual consumers of Tchoukoutou and Sodabi, two traditional alcoholic drinks made in Benin. We carried out a descriptive, cross-sectional and analytic study from May 1st, 2013 to August 31, 2013. The target of the study was a population consisting of 60 habitual consumers of Tchoukoutou (mean age: 35.8

Polykystose renale autosomique dominante (PKAD) au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou: profil épidémiologique, clinique, biologique et intérêt du dépistage familial

Introduction: Étudier le profil épidémiologique, clinique et paraclinique de la PKAD chez des patients diagnostiqués au CNHU de Cotonou et évaluer l'intérêt d'un dépistage chez les patients à risque. Méthodes: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale comportant une revue de dossiers des patients  cliniquement diagnostiqués PKAD à la clinique universitaire de néphrologie et d'hémodialyse du 1er janvier 2000 au 31 janvier 2011, et une enquête familiale chez les patients où le diagnostic de PKAD a été confirmé entre le 1er février et le 31 Août 2011.Un séquençage à la recherche de mutations dans les gènes de la Polycystine 1 et 2 a été réalisé chez les cas index. Résultats: L'incidence hospitalière de la PKAD était de 7,8 cas par an. Le dépistage familial avait permis d'examiner 99 membres de 22 familles et de confirmer 14 cas de PKAD. L'âge moyen des patients était de 45,6±12,8ans. Le signe physique le plus fréquent était l'hypertension artérielle (HTA (83%). Une  insuffisance rénale chronique était observée dans 75% des cas. Le séquençage direct avait permis de mettre en évidence 7 nouvelles mutations dont 02 mutations dans les gènes PKD2 et 5 dans PKD1. Conclusion: La PKAD relativement fréquente, présente de nouvelles mutations chez les patients  diagnostiqués au CNHU de Cotonou. Le conseil génétique est particulièrement indiqué dans les familles où la maladie rénale a débuté précocement.Key words: Polykystose rénale autosomique dominante, dépistage, mutations PKD2 et PKD

GAD65 antibody prevalence and association with c-peptide, HLA class II alleles in Beninese patients with type 1 diabetes

Background: Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and particularly their isoforms in 65 kDa are one of markers for the diagnosis of the type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of GAD65 antibodies (GAD65Ab) and investigate the association of GAD65Ab with C-peptide values, HLA Class II alleles genotyping. The diagnosis of T1D was set up according to American Diabetes Association criteria.Methods: Radioimmunoassay was used to determine the GAD65Ab and C-peptide values. Class II HLA genotyping was performed in 51 patients with T1D and 51 healthy unrelated as control by using the PCR-SSP method. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were calculated by standard formula.Results: Result revealed that GAD65Ab were present in 74.5% (38/51) of the patients with T1D. There was no significant difference between the positivity or the negativity of GAD65Ab and gender, onset and duration of diabetes, frequencies of HLA-DR4, HLA-DR3-DR4, HLA-DQB1*0201. However, GAD65Ab values are linked to C-peptide concentration (χ2 =15.73, P=0.0001), the presence of HLA-DR3 (χ2 =9.75, P= 0.002), HLA-DQA1*0501 (χ2 =4.09, P= 0.043) alleles. The GAD65Ab test sensitivity and specificity were 74.5% and 94.1%, respectively. The C-peptide test showed a sensitivity around 82.4 % and 86.3 % for the specificity.Conclusions: GAD65Ab showed to be a valuable early predictive marker and is associated with the risk to develop of T1D

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF FOUR VARIETIES OF LIPPIA MULTIFLORA IN BENIN

Objective: Present study involves the study of the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from the leaves by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry of Lippia multiflora harvested in the regions of Kétou, Savalou, Bohicon and Mono and tested by the well diffusion method against pathogenic microorganisms.Methods: The essential oils studied are terpene compounds, aromatic compounds, aliphatic compounds and other natural substances. The inhibition zone diameters determined allowed us to evaluate their degree of germ sensitivity of the strains tested. Essential oils extracted from Lippia multiflora harvested in these areas have the most pronounced antimicrobial activity.Results: In total, the essential oils tested have different and specifically a degree of sensitivity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus mirabilis A24974, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa except that harvested in the Savalou who does not have no degree of sensitivity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion: This work paves the way for food preservation with extracted natural substances and also the formulation of natural antimicrobials for this fact.                       Peer Review History: Received 12 July 2019;   Revised 9 August; Accepted 1 September, Available online 15 September 2019 Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, [email protected]  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 7/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 9.4/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected] Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam, USTC, Chittagong, Bangladesh, [email protected] Similar Articles: ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA. (GUAVA) MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES USED IN FOLK MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND BURNS IN HUFASH DISTRICT AL MAHWEET GOVERNORATE–YEMEN IN-VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LACTOBACILLI METABOLITES LOADED HYDROGEL FORMULATIONS AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOS

Etude bibliographique de trois plantes antidiabétiques de la flore béninoise: Khaya senegalensis (Desr) A. Juss (Meliaceae), Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) et Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae)

La prévalence des patients diabétiques a considérablement augmenté dans le monde en raison du style de vie moderne liée à une augmentation de la consommation des aliments à haute teneur en glucides et en graisses. Il est donc impérieux de trouver des solutions afin de ralentir son évolution. Le but du présent travail est de faire la revue de littérature sur Khaya senegalensis (Desr) A. Juss, Momordica charantia Linn, Moringa oleifera Lam, trois plantes utilisées pour soigner le diabète au Bénin. La démarche méthodologique a consisté à rechercher par mots clés dans les revues spécialisées en ligne, la plupart des publications sur Khaya senegalensis, Momordica charantia et Moringa oleifera. Il ressort des investigations effectuées que ces trois plantes sont utilisées dans plusieurs pays. De même, elles soignent non seulement le diabète mais aussi plusieurs autres maladies. Toutes ces plantes contiennent des molécules bioactives comme les flavonoïdes, les tanins, les alcaloïdes, etc. Si le mécanisme d’action de l’activité antidiabétique de Khaya senegalensis et de Moringa oleifera est élucidé, plusieurs hypothèses sont émises sur celui de Momordica charantia. Ces informations aideront à orienter les axes de recherche sur l’étude de leur activité antidiabétique.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Diabète, Khaya senegalensis (Desr) A. Juss, Momordica charantia Linn, Moringa oleifera Lam, molécules bioactivesEnglish Title:  Bibliographic study of three antidiabetic plants from Benin: Khaya senegalensis (Desr) A. Juss (Meliaceae), Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) and Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae)English AbstractThe prevalence of diabetic patients has dramatically increased worldwide due to a modern lifestyle and an increase of consumption of high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. Serious solutions should be found against it in order to roll it back. The aim of the present work is to make the review of literature on Khaya senegalensis (Desr) A. Juss, Momordica charantia Linn, Moringa oleifera Lam, three plants used to treat diabetes in Benin. The methodological approach is to search by keywords in journals online, most publications on Khaya senegalensis, Momordica charantia and Moringa oleifera. The results of our research show that these plants are used in many countries. In the same way, they treat not only diabetes but also many other diseases. All these plants contain bioactive molecules such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, etc. For the species Khaya senegalensis and Moringa oleifera, some studies contributed to elucidate the mechanism of action of their antidiabetic activity. However, for the last one, Momordica charantia, several hypotheses are made about their antidiabetic activity. These informations will help to direct the research orientations towards the study of their antidiabetic activity.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Diabetes, Khaya senegalensis (Desr) A. Juss, Momordica charantia Linn, Moringa oleifera Lam, bioactive molecule

Étude de facteurs de risques génétiques du cancer du sein au Bénin

International audienceLe cancer du sein est le premier cancer chez la femme au Bénin aussi bien en termes d’incidence que de mortalité et affecte des patientes jeunes. Bien que la connaissance des types moléculaires de cancer du sein des femmes béninoises reste encore limitée, les études disponibles montrent clairement que ces femmes font plus de cancers triples négatifs, formes particulièrement agressives. Objectifs: Actuellement, aucune analyse génétique du cancer du sein au Bénin n’a été effectuée et donc aucune information sur les gènes qui abritent le plus souvent des mutations pathogènes dans cette population n’est disponible. Les objectifs de nos travaux sont d’évaluer la survie en fonction du stade de diagnostic, de l’accès au traitement mais aussi d’identifier les gènes du cancer du sein qui abritent le plus souvent des mutations pathogènes dans la population béninoise.Méthodes/Résultats: Les progrès technologiques permettent aujourd’hui de rechercher des mutations sur plusieurs gènes de façon simultanée. Une étude prospective et rétrospective à partir de bloc de paraffine est réalisée, le séquençage à haut débit va nous permettre de tester un ensemble de gènes susceptibles d’intervenir dans la prédisposition au cancer du sein et d’identifier des variations dont il faudra définir le caractère délétère ou non (selon la classification en 5 classes). Afin de classer les variants de signification inconnue potentiellement identifiés lors de cette étude, des tests fonctionnels seront développés. Conclusion: Compte tenu des ressources limitées pour le dépistage chez les béninoises par mammographie, ces informations génétiques sont d’autant plus importantes pour l'identification des femmes présentant un risque particulièrement élevé de cancer du sein, utile pour concentrer les efforts de dépistage et leur proposer un suivi personnalisé

A 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study of an Ethanolic Root Extract of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. in Wistar Rats

Background. Plant medicine is the oldest form of health care known to mankind; hence, studies on their safety for use are essential for the control of adverse drug effects. In Benin, Caesalpinia bonduc is one of many medicinal plants used as aphrodisiac, and for treatment of various ailments including prostatic hyperplasia. Despite its numerous ethnomedicinal benefits, toxicological information associated with its chronic use is currently limited. Objective. The present study therefore assessed the toxicity of an ethanolic root extract of Caesalpinia bonduc in Wistar rats. Methods. Caesalpinia bonduc root extract was administered by oral gavage at doses of 31.25, 125, and 500 mg/kg/day for 90 days to male Wistar rats, after which body weight changes, food consumption, urinary parameters, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ weights changes, gross pathology, and histopathology of vital organs were assessed. Results. There were no death or abnormal clinical signs, no significant changes in body weight gain or urinary parameters, and no changes in necropsy and histopathology findings of vital organs associated with extract treatment. However, some indices such as erythrocytes, total cholesterol, and aspartate amino transferase increased in rats treated with high doses of the extract, as well as relative weight of testes, followed by a decrease in food intake and prostate relative weight. Conclusion. The results indicate that an ethanolic root extract of Caesalpinia bonduc does not cause significant adverse effects and suggest its tolerability up to 500 mg/kg for daily administration of 90 days

In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity Studies on Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. Leaves Essential Oil From Benin

Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. (Poaceae) is a medicinal plant used to treat various diseases in traditional medicine in several African countries. The present study aims to evaluate the oral and inhalation toxicity as well as the mutagenic effects of the essential oil of leaves (EOCG) from a sample collected in Benin. Mutagenic potential was assessed by the Ames test using strains TA98 and TA100. Oral acute toxicity was carried out by administration of a single dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. to Wistar rats while oral subacute toxicity was assessed by daily administration of 50 and 500 mg/kg of EOCG for 28 days. Finally, inhalation toxicity was assessed by administration of a single dose of 0.125%, 0.5%, 2% or 5% v/v of EOCG emulsions in 0.05% v/v lecithin solution in sterile water for the first experiment, and in a second one by administration of single dose of 0.125% or 0.5% v/v. A broncho-alveolar lavage was performed after 3 h or 24 h, respectively. The results show that EOCG is not mutagenic on strains at the highest concentration tested (200 g/plate). In the acute oral toxicity study, EOCG induce neither mortality nor toxicity, showing that the LD is greater than 2000 mg/kg. The subacute oral toxicity study at both doses did not show any significant difference in body weight, relative organ weight, hematological and/or biochemical parameters or histopathology as compared to the control group. EOCG induced mortality and inflammation in lungs 3 h after administration of a single dose of 5% or 2% v/v. Single doses of 0.125% or 0.5% v/v did not induce inflammation, cell recruitment nor cytotoxicity in lungs 3 h or 24 h after administration, suggesting safety at these concentrations. This first report on the toxicity will be useful to guide safe uses of EOCG

Did maritime trade between Europe and West Africa influence T. Gondii genetic diversity?

International audienc