Densidades populacionais para cultivares alternativas de feijoeiro no norte de Minas Gerais.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento agronômico de cultivares alternativas de feijoeiro na região Norte de Minas Gerais, ajustando as melhores populações de plantas para o seu cultivo irrigado, foram conduzidos dois experimentos de campo na safra do inverno-primavera de 2007, nas estações experimentais da EPAMIG em Jaíba e Mocambinho. Empregou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 4x5, envolvendo quatro cultivares (BRS Radiante, Ouro Vermelho, Bolinha e Novo Jalo) e cinco densidades populacionais (100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 mil plantas ha-1). Por ocasião da colheita, foram avaliados o estande final e o rendimento de grãos com seus componentes primários: número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem e massa média de 100 grãos. O aumento da população de plantas reduz o número de vagens por planta e o número de grãos por vagem, mas não influencia o rendimento de grãos. As cultivares BRS Radiante, Novo Jalo, Bolinha e Ouro Vermelho têm bom desempenho na safra do inverno irrigado e representam novas alternativas para cultivo na região Norte de Minas Gerais

Evaluación agronómica de clones de camote con potencial para la producción de etanol

The sweet potato is a culture that fits the most diverse Brazilian environmental conditions and has great potential for the production of ethanol from the use of their roots. And can be used both as food and feed.The objective was to evaluate sweet potato clones with potential for producing ethanol, starch yield and production potential of dry branches and roots.The experimental design was randomized blocks, using 60 treatments, 50 clones and 10 witnesses with three replications.Genotypes were belonging to LASPER (Research Laboratory and Production Renewable Energy). We evaluated the productivity of roots and branches, starch content and dry matter of roots and branches and resistance to soil insects.The clones 048-02, 112-07, 022-19, 048-14, 114-18, agronomically have potential for production of fuel ethanol.The clones 002-580 and 106-62 can be used in animal feed using their branches.There was no significant difference between treatments evaluated for the starch content.Witnesses had higher dry matter of roots, cultivars highlighting: Carolina Victory, Duda, and Marcela. The Barbara witnesses, Duda, Carolina Victoria and Beatrice are tolerant incidence of damage caused by soil insects.El camote es un cultivo que se adapta a las más diversas condiciones ambientales brasileiras y presenta un gran potencial para la producción de etanol a partir de la utilización de sus raíces. Puede ser utilizado como alimento humano o animal. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los clones de camote con potencial para la producción de etanol, almidón y potencial de producción de ramas secas y raices. El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar, con 60 tratamientos, siendo 50 clones y 10 testigos con tres repeticiones. Fueron evaluados los genotipos pertenecientes a LASPER (Laboratorio de Investigación y Producción de Energía Renovable). Se evaluó la productividad de las raices y las ramas, el contenido de almidón y de materia seca de las raices y de las ramas y resistencia a los insectos de suelo. Los clones evaluados 048-02, 112-07, 022-19, 048-14, 114-18, presentaron agronómicamente potenciales para la producción de etanol combustible. Se puede utilizar los clones 002-580 y 106-62 en la alimentación animal utilizando sus ramas. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos evaluados para el almidón. Los testigos presentaron mayores contenidos de materia seca de raices, destacando los cultivares: Carolina Victoria, Duda, y Marcela. Los testigos Bárbara, Dudley, Carolina Victoria y Beatriz son tolerantes a la incidencia de los daños causados por los insectos del suelo.A batata-doce é uma cultura que se adapta as mais diversas condições edafoclimáticas brasileira e apresenta grande potencial para produção de etanol a partir da utilização das suas raízes. Podendo ser empregada tanto na alimentação humana como animal. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar clones de batata-doce com potencial para produção de etanol, rendimento de amido e potencial de produção de matéria seca de ramas e raízes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, utilizando-se 60 tratamentos, sendo 50 clones e 10 testemunhas com três repetições. Foram avaliados genótipos pertencentes ao LASPER (Laboratório de Pesquisa e Produção de Energias Renováveis). Avaliou-se a produtividade das raízes e das ramas, teor de amido e de matéria seca das raízes e das ramas e resistência a insetos do solo. Os clones 048-02, 112-07, 022-19, 048-14, 114-18, apresentam agronomicamente potencial para produção de etanol combustível. Os clones 002-580 e 106-62 podem ser utilizados na alimentação animal utilizando suas ramas. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos avaliados para o teor de amido. As testemunhas apresentaram maiores teores de matéria seca das raízes, destacando-se as cultivares: Carolina Vitória, Duda, e Marcela. As testemunhas Bárbara, Duda, Carolina Vitória e Beatriz são tolerantes a incidência de danos causados por insetos de solo

Two recurrent selection cycles in the breeding of Carioca bean

A preferência da população brasileira por um dos vários tipos comerciais de feijão é uma característica regional. O feijão do tipo carioca é o mais cultivado e consumido no Brasil, representando mais de 70% da produção nacional. Assim, os principais programas de melhoramento do feijoeiro no Brasil têm dado ênfase ao melhoramento desse tipo de grão. No melhoramento do feijoeiro, além das metodologias tradicionalmente utilizadas em plantas autógamas, é comum o uso da seleção recorrente. Resultados promissores têm sido obtidos com esta estratégia, no incremento da produtividade, resistência às doenças e à melhoria de outros caracteres de interesse no feijoeiro. Com esse trabalho, objetivou-se estimar o progresso genético de dois ciclos de seleção recorrente no melhoramento de feijão carioca, utilizando diferentes estratégias e identificar famílias com maior potencial genético para gerar linhagens superiores nos diferentes ciclos. A população base (C0) foi obtida pela combinação de 20 genitores de grãos tipo carioca, portadores de fenótipos favoráveis para vários caracteres de interesse agronômico. Inicialmente, os genitores foram cruzados conforme esquema proposto por Bearzoti (1997), em esquema de dialelo circulante, com cada genitor participando de dois cruzamentos. Assim, foram geradas 20 populações oriundas de cruzamentos simples. Destas populações, foram derivadas as famílias avaliadas por três safras em diferentes gerações (F2:3, F2:4 e F2:5). O mesmo procedimento de cruzamento e avaliação do C0 foi feito em CI. O progresso genético foi estimado com base na avaliação simultânea das 40 melhores famílias de cada ciclo, e também a partir dos experimentos de avaliação de famílias (F2:3, F2:4 e F2:5) em cada ciclo, com testemunhas comuns. O ganho genético variou de 8 a 9% para produtividade de grãos, quando estimado a partir da avaliação simultânea das melhores famílias de cada ciclo; quando as famílias foram avaliadas em ciclos diferentes, com testemunhas comuns, houve uma superestimava dos ganhos, variando de 14,2 a 23,7%. Foram identificadas famílias com potencial para gerar linhagens superiores às cultivares Pérola, BRSMG Majestoso e BRSMG Madrepérola, especialmente entre as famílias do ciclo um (CI).The Brazilian population s preference for one of the several commercial types of bean is a regional characteristic. The bean of the carioca type is the most cultivated and consumed in Brazil, standing for over 70% of the national production. Thus, the main bean plant breeding programs in Brazil have given emphasis to the improvement of that type of grain. In bean plant breeding, in addition to the methodologies traditionally utilized in self-pollinating plants, the use of recurrent selection is common. Promising results have been obtained through this strategy in the increase of yield, disease resistance and bettering of other traits of interest in the bean plant. By means of this work, it was intended to estimate the genetic progress of two recurrent selection cycles of Carioca bean by utilizing different strategies and identify families with greatest genetic potential to generate superior lines in the different cycles. The base population (C0) was obtained by the combination of 20 parents of carioca grains, carriers of phenotypes favorable for several traits of agronomic interest. At first, the parents were crossed according to the scheme proposed by Bearzoti (1997), in circulant diallel scheme, with each parent participating in two crosses. So, 20 populations coming from single crosses were generated. From these populations were derived the families evaluated by three crops in different generations (F2:3, F2:4 and F2:5). The same crossing and evaluation procedure of C0 was done in CI. The genetic progress was estimated on the basis of the simultaneous evaluation of the 40 best families of each cycle and also from the evaluation experiment of families (F2:3, F2:4 e F2:5) in each cycle with average controls. The genetic gain ranged from 8 to 9% for grain yield when estimated from the simultaneous evaluation of the best families of each cycle; when the families were evaluated in different cycles, with average controls, there was an overestimate of the gains, varying from 14,2 to 23,7%. Families with the potential to generate lines superior to cultivars Pérola, BRSMG Majestoso and BRSMG Madrepérola, especially among the families of cycle one (CI), were identified.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION INFLUENCE IN ANTHRACNOSE CONTROL IN COMMON BEAN

INTRODUCTION: The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crop is affected by more than 200 diseases, capable to narrow the production and decrease the product quality physiological, nutritional and commercial, including anthracnose. The bean anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus), is one of the most serious bean diseases, affecting susceptible cultivars worldwide (Bianchini et al., 1989). Potassium has a big relation with the incidence reduction and diseases severity in plants, acting in the inoculum potential reduction (Huber and Arny, 1985). Thus, the research objective was evaluating the severity and the bean anthracnose control under different levels of potassium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was conducted in greenhouse with 5 liter pots in the Imperatriz city, in the Maranhão state, Brazil. Three common bean genotypes were used, being the Pérola cultivar (susceptible to anthracnose), BRS Estilo cultivar (moderately resistant to anthracnose) and BRS Madrepérola cultivar (resistant to anthracnose), in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 80, 120, 140 And 180 kg.ha-1 as potassium chloride) and 4 replicates. The inoculation was done with a manual sprayer at the end V4 stage at 35 days after emergence, with a 1.2 x 106 conidia.mL-1 inoculum suspension. Severity assessments were made at 9 and 15 days after inoculation (DAI) according to the descriptive diagram scale proposed by Tamayo (1995), which ranges from 1 to 9 and the closer to 1 the lower the severity. For the analysis, was used the statistical program GENES (Cruz, 2013)

GENETIC PROGRESS EVALUATION IN BEAN FAMILIES, BASED ON THE POOLED ANALYSIS WITH COMMON CONTROLS

INTRODUCTION In the a breeding program leading, various strategies can be used and they are capable to yield good results. However, hybridization is a routine in current breeding programs and it has been the main new bean lines source (Menezes Júnior et al. 2013). The big difficulty in the autogamous plants breeding is finding two parents who bring together all the interest phenotypes. In this case, the alternative would be to promote successive cycles of selection and interbreeding of the best individuals or the best families (Geraldi 1997). The genetic progress periodic estimation is fundamental to guide the plant breeders about the selective strategies used and the alternatives that could be adopted to increase their efficiency. Thus, the procedures commonly used to compare selective cycles are the different cycles families or lines evaluation, which can be done using common witnesses (Ramalho 1996). The work objective was to estimate the genetic progress of two recurrent selection cycles based on the evaluation of families with common controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station of Coimbra, belonging to the Department of Plant Sciences of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV). The base population, zero cycle (C0), it was obtained by the combination of 20 carioca type grains, with favorable phenotypes for several agronomic interest characters. The parents were recombined in a circulating diallel design, with each parent participating in two crosses, generating 20 populations. From these populations, the families were derived and evaluated for three generations, in the generations F2:4 and F2:5. The same recombination procedure and C0 evaluation were performed in cycle one (CI)

Genetic progress and potential of common bean families obtained by recurrent selection

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic gain of two recurrent selection cycles in common bean breeding and identify families with the potential to generate superior lines. The base population, cycle zero (C0), was obtained by combining 20 carioca bean parents, populations with favorable phenotypes for several agronomically important traits. The parents were recombined in a circulant diallel scheme, in which each parent participated in two crosses, generating 20 populations. From these populations, families were derived and evaluated for three seasons in the generations F2:3, F2:4 and F2:5. The same procedures of recombination and evaluation in C0 were performed in cycle one (CI). The genetic gain for yield, estimated from the simultaneous evaluation of the 40 best families of each cycle, was 8.6%. Families with potential to generate superior lines to cultivar Pérola were identified, especially among the CI families

POSTHARVEST CONSERVATION OF STRUCTURAL LONG SHELF LIFE TOMATO FRUITS AND WITH THE MUTANT RIN PRODUCED, IN EDAPHOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHERN STATE OF TOCANTINS

The high temperature of growth environment can affect the postharvest quality of tomato fruits. In this situation, an alternative for the farmers is the use of hybrid cultivars that produce long shelf life fruit with longer postharvest shelf life when compared to normal varieties of fruits. The objective of this research was to compare the postharvest conservation of fruits of structural long shelf life tomato hybrids and with the mutant rin. The fruits evaluated were from fifteen tomato genotypes produced under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the southern State of Tocantins, being four of them long shelf life type hybrids (with rin allele) which were: Tyler, Rebeca, Carmem and AF 13527; nine of them structural long shelf life hybrids: Lumi, Débora Max, Michelli, Tammy, AF 12525, AF 11097, AF 13363, AF 13364 and AF 13525; and two normal fruit cultivars: Santa Clara and Drica. The fruits were harvested at the breaker stage and stored in a controlled environment (20 °C and relative humidity of 60%). The half-life firmness of fruits of genotypes with a structural genotypic long shelf life background ranged from 6.25 to 13.44 days for the genotypes Tammy and AF13525, respectively, not differing from the long shelf life genotypes with rin allele. Despite the fact that daytime temperatures are higher than those recommended for the tomatoes crops, it was observed that if the fruits are stored in appropriate conditions (20 °C and relative humidity of 60%), the color and firmness of the fruits with a long shelf life genotypes with rin allele and structural genotypic background evolve more slowly than the fruits of normal genotypes. Under these conditions, it took the fruits 7 to 8 days to acquire a red color on more than 80% of the surface after being harvested