Use of rice flour in wheat bread technology

Last decade is characterized by the increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases all over the world. Diet therapy, which includes reducing the amount of dietary fiber and including phospholipids in it, is effective in maintaining a sTable condition in case of these diseases. A promising raw material with a low dietary fiber content is rice flour, which may be added to the recipe of bakery products to replace part of wheat flour. The aim of the work was to determine the influence of rice flour on the course of the technological process and the characteristics of the dough in bakery products manufacturing, as well as on the quality indicators of bread made from wheat flour, which contains lecithin. Rice flour contains 1.8 times less protein than wheat flour, but this protein is more complete in amino acid composition. The content of dietary fibers in rice flour is 8.5 times lower. The gas-forming capacity of the dough with lecithin separately and in a mixture with rice flour increases by 8.4−18.7 % when replacing 10−40 % of wheat flour. It was established that in the dough sample with lecithin, the amount of formed and fermented sugars increased by 1.2 % and 12.1 %, respectively, compared to the control sample without additives. With an increase in the percentage of replacement of wheat flour with rice flour, the amount of formed sugars increased by 35.2−39.0 %. The amount of fermented sugars also increased by 19.6−31.8 % with an increase in the percentage of replacement. The shape stability of bread slightly improved with the addition of lecithin. However, when adding rice flour, the shape stability of the products decreased by 7.1−26.8 %, as well as the specific volume and porosity of brea

The influence of rice protein concentrate on the technological process of wheat bread production

Bakery products from wheat flour are low in protein and it is inferior and also absorbed at a low level. To solve this problem sources of complete proteins may be introduced into the formulation of bakery products. But animal proteins can be allergens. An alternative can be concentrates, hydrolysates and isolates of proteins of vegeTable origin, particularly, obtained from rice. Microbiological, biochemical and conformational changes in dough and bread from wheat flour were influenced by adding rice protein concentrate. Gas-forming capacity of the dough with rice protein concentrate decreased by 8.3–20.8 % compared to the control sample where there was increase of the dosage. Gas formation occurred less intensively in the dough with rice protein concentrate, because fermentation was delayed due to a decrease in the availability of nutrients. The first peak on the gas formation graph in case of the dough with the addition of 4–8 % rice protein concentrate was seen after 65 minutes, in the control sample it was after 60 minutes. When adding 16 % of the additive, the first peak of gas formation was not clearly defined. The second peak of gas formation for control sample was observed after 150 min and for samples with rice protein concentrate a bit later and it was not clearly defined. Infrared spectra showed that relative reflection coefficient of samples with rice protein concentrate was lower both for dough after kneading and after fermentation. The addition of 4 and 8 % rice protein concentrate did not affect the amount of formed sugars, and the addition of 16 % reduced this indicator by 1.6 %. The amount of fermented sugars decreased by 3.0–7.8 %. So, changes during the technological process of bread-making can be followed due to the obtained results for obtaining bread with high protein conten

Changes in structural units in dough and bread from wheat flour with the addition of pumpkin cellulose in combination with phospholipids

Unfavorable ecological and food security situation in the world causes frequent spread of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In particular, the number of cases of irritable bowel syndrome is increasing, especially among the young working population. Diet therapy, which includes increasing the amount of dietary fiber in combination with phospholipids, is effective for the prevention of these diseases. A perspective raw material with a high content of dietary fibers is pumpkin cellulose, which can be added to the recipe of bakery products instead of part of wheat flour. The aim of the work was to find the effect of pumpkin cellulose in combination with sunflower lecithin on the conformational changes of the structure of dough and bread from wheat flour and the completeness of assimilation of products with this raw material by the organism. It was established that the infrared spectra of wheat flour, pumpkin cellulose and sunflower lecithin differ in reflection intensity and character. In the process of dough fermentation, the conformational transformations deepened with an increase in the amount of replacement of wheat flour with pumpkin cellulose, and the reflection coefficient increased. For bread samples, the reflectance coefficient was lower compared to dough, but there were almost no differences in the location of the spectra. In general, the biological value of samples of bread with additives was lower than the control sample, however, the high content of dietary fibers in pumpkin cellulose makes it a promising raw material for enriching bakery products with a valuable nutrient and giving bread health properties. The rational amount of replacing wheat flour with pumpkin cellulose is no more than 7 %, taking into account the decrease in the biological value of bread with this raw materia

Priorities and Tools of the State Industrial Policy in Ensuring the Resumption of Growth in the Real Sector of Economy of Ukraine

The article is aimed at studying the status and problems of ensuring the State industrial policy in Ukraine, seeking ways to enhance the efficiency of the State influence on the growth of the industrial sector. The article discloses problems related to imperfections of institutional provision, deepening of sectoral imbalances, monopolization, and absence of innovative changes in the industry of Ukraine. On the basis of the conducted analysis and generalization of the best practices related to implementation of industrial policy in the developed world, priorities have been determined and a number of paramount measures has been proposed, implementation of which will provide an institutional foundation for establishment and implementation of industrial policy in Ukraine, ensure efficient interaction of all institutional sectors of the State, resolve sectoral and organizational imbalances in the industrial sector, as well as facilitate its restructuring in accordance with the priorities of scientific-technological and innovation development of the real sector of economy

Strategic Priorities of Ecomodernisation in Ukrainian Industry in the Context of Meeting Global Economic Challenges and Implementing Sustainable Development Goals

The long-term absence of a targeted state policy which would promote technological modernization in the industrial sector and radical reforms in the energy sector has caused raw materials and environmentally "dirty" industries to remain the focus of Ukraine's economy. Emergence of new challenges and threats caused by the revision of approaches to environmental policy made by many countries due to the exacerbation of climate problems, and by strengthening the environmental component of economic policy along with the introduction of numerous economic restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, updates research in the field of developing effective state policy mechanisms aimed at promoting eco-modernization and decarbonization in Ukraine’s industry. So, the article is aimed at studying the causes and consequences of high resource intensity of Ukrainian industry and related current challenges and threats, as well as at developing recommendations for state measures to be taken to support and stimulate eco-modernization, increase resource efficiency and introduce circular production models in industry. The article analyzes the situation with and current problems of industrial production in Ukraine. Key global trends in structural and industrial policy in the context of achieving sustainable development goals are outlined; the challenges and threats faced by Ukraine in the process of adapting its industrial complex to the new realities of strengthening the environmental requirements for industrial production are identified; current state policy initiatives that will stimulate energy efficiency, eco-modernization and decarbonization in Ukrainian industry are summarized. Based on the analysis, recommendations are developed for the priority measures of state policy aimed at implementing rational models of resource consumption and increasing resource efficiency for industrial output

Investigation of Photoelectric Converters with a Base Cadmium Telluride Layer with a Decrease in Its Thickness for Tandem and Two-sided Sensitive Instrument Structures

Photovoltaic cells with a base layer of cadmium telluride with a decrease in its thickness are studied. It is known that the widespread use of photovoltaic converters is constrained by their high price in the case of highly efficient instrument structures, or low efficiency. The creation of tandem and two-sided sensitive photoelectric converters will reduce their cost while increasing their efficiency. However, to create tandem and two-sided sensitive photoelectric converters, the necessary conditions are the use of transparent contacts and a decrease in the thickness of the base layer for efficient absorption of incident radiation by the converter, which is lower. In the research process, it was found that reducing the thickness of the base layer to 1 μm allows to increase the efficiency of the photoelectric transducer during irradiation from the back. An increase in the efficiency of the photoelectric converter occurs due to a decrease in the distance from the generation region of nonequilibrium charge carriers in the region of separation. If the thickness of the base layer is less than 1 μm, then regardless of which side of the irradiation is carried out, a decrease in the efficiency of the instrument structure is observed. Increase in the efficiency of photoconverters is associated with an increase in the negative influence of recombination processes on the back contact, a decrease in the number of charge carriers generated due to incomplete absorption of incident radiation, and a decrease in the volume of the built-in field of the separating barrier when it overlaps with the depletion region of the back contact. ITO/CdS/CdTe/Cu/ITO SCs with a base layer thickness of 1 μm demonstrates degradation stability. The highest value of efficiency in the case of illumination from the front side 8.1 % and with illumination from the back side 3.8 % received after a year of operation of the photovoltaic converter

INVESTIGATION OF PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERTERS WITH A BASE CADMIUM TELLURIDE LAYER WITH A DECREASE IN ITS THICKNESS FOR TANDEM AND TWO-SIDED SENSITIVE INSTRUMENT STRUCTURES

Photovoltaic cells with a base layer of cadmium telluride with a decrease in its thickness are studied. It is known that the widespread use of photovoltaic converters is constrained by their high price in the case of highly efficient instrument structures, or low efficiency. The creation of tandem and two-sided sensitive photoelectric converters will reduce their cost while increasing their efficiency. However, to create tandem and two-sided sensitive photoelectric converters, the necessary conditions are the use of transparent contacts and a decrease in the thickness of the base layer for efficient absorption of incident radiation by the converter, which is lower. In the research process, it was found that reducing the thickness of the base layer to 1 μm allows to increase the efficiency of the photoelectric transducer during irradiation from the back. An increase in the efficiency of the photoelectric converter occurs due to a decrease in the distance from the generation region of nonequilibrium charge carriers in the region of separation. If the thickness of the base layer is less than 1 μm, then regardless of which side of the irradiation is carried out, a decrease in the efficiency of the instrument structure is observed. Increase in the efficiency of photoconverters is associated with an increase in the negative influence of recombination processes on the back contact, a decrease in the number of charge carriers generated due to incomplete absorption of incident radiation, and a decrease in the volume of the built-in field of the separating barrier when it overlaps with the depletion region of the back contact. ITO/CdS/CdTe/Cu/ITO SCs with a base layer thickness of 1 μm demonstrates degradation stability. The highest value of efficiency in the case of illumination from the front side 8.1 % and with illumination from the back side 3.8 % received after a year of operation of the photovoltaic converter

Innovative Technologies in Physical Education: Neuropsychological Aspect

The article scrutinises the issue of application of innovative technologies in physical education from the neuropsychological perspective. It has been found that physical education is inseparable from neuropsychology. The content of the concepts: “physical education”, “innovation”, “innovative activity”, “technologies”, “pedagogical innovations”, “neuropsychology” is studied. It is emphasized that innovative educational activity is supported by regulatory documents. It is emphasized that physical education affects not only the motor activity of individuals, but also personal spiritual and social development. It has been investigated that the contemporary innovative technologies are focused on improving the educational process, the use of new teaching methods for creative, active cooperation between the teacher and the student. The essence of cooperative, problematic, practice-oriented learning, active teaching methods is highlighted. The focus is made on constructivism. It has been studied that speech is an indicator of the activity of different regions of the brain. The use of aerobic exercises as a tool to improve plasticity and function of the hippocampus is considered. Running has been shown to help think clearly, make correct and informed decisions. The essence of autogenic training is considered. The benefits of kinesiological exercises for mental and physical health have been studied. Attention is paid to strengthening and maintaining the health of children with special needs. It has been found that development of information and communication technologies has contributed to the emergence of modern mobile applications that increase students’ motivation to care for their health, improve functionality and mobility, help monitor their health. The benefits of exercises that are modelledin virtual reality have been studied, inasmuch as they optimize motor skills, involve motivational, cognitive, sensory processes in dynamic activities.</p

Research and comparative analysis of the qualitative parameters of food powders produced from grain raw materials using an improved jet mill

The object of the study is samples of food powders obtained by grinding the products of the collection and processing of a number of grain crops, using air-grinding technology in an improved jet mill. One of the most important problems of the modern food industry is that for the production of flour from cereals endosperm is used while the most important nutrients are found in shells and the germ of the grain. As a result of its grinding in conventional mills, common at existing mills, large pieces of bran and a large variation in the particle size of the grinding products are obtained, and this method is energy-intensive. According to the authors, the best solution to ensure truly whole grain grinding – that is, grinding grains with shells – is air grinding in jet mills. An improved jet mill makes it possible to grind both endosperm and grain shells into flour of the same consistency. From the same amount of raw material, therefore, it is possible to produce approximately 30 % more final grinding products. It is also important that the improved jet mill, under proven conditions, spends no more energy for grinding than a conventional mill. For research, the most popular products ground in such a mill were taken – wheat flour (black grain), buckwheat flour (from roasted buckwheat) and wheat bran. The first two products are whole grain milled, and the bran is produced from the collapse of wheat grown in accordance with the requirements of organic farming. Samples of powders obtained by grinding these products in an improved jet mill were compared with control samples – produced from similar raw materials in a roller mill – the most common design in service with mills. Physical indicators of the powders, thermophysical properties and biotechnological parameters were carried out. The obtained results allow to state that whole grain grinding produced on an improved jet mill has the characteristics better or close to standard types of flour produced on conventional mills. It allows them to be used without significant changes in the formulation of products with their addition (bakery, pasta, etc.), and also to create new dietary, healthy products rich in biologically active substances

Genome-wide association study reveals genetic variants associated with HIV-1C infection in a Botswana study population

Although there have been many studies of gene variant association with different stages of HIV/AIDS progression in United States and European cohorts, few gene-association studies have assessed genic determinants in sub-Saharan African populations, which have the highest density of HIV infections worldwide. We carried out genome-wide association studies on 766 study participants at risk for HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) infection in Botswana. Three gene associations (AP3B1, PTPRA, and NEO1) were shown to have significant association with HIV-1C acquisition. Each gene association was replicated within Botswana or in the United States–African American or United States–European American AIDS cohorts or in both. Each associated gene has a prior reported influence on HIV/AIDS pathogenesis. Thirteen previously discovered AIDS restriction genes were further replicated in the Botswana cohorts, extending our confidence in these prior AIDS restriction gene reports. This work presents an early step toward the identification of genetic variants associated with and affecting HIV acquisition or AIDS progression in the understudied HIV-1C afflicted Botswana population