Variable - weight optical code division multiple access system using different detection schemes

In this paper a Variable Weight OCDMA (VWOCDMA) system using KS code with Direct Decoding (DD), Complementary Subtraction (CS) and AND subtraction detections is proposed. System performance is analyzed using mathematical approximation and software simulation. In mathematical analysis, the effects of Phase-Induced Intensity Noise, shot noise and thermal noise are taken into account. Bit Error Rate of different users is plotted as a function of received optical power per chip with varying the bit rates and number of active users. It has been shown that for different bit rates and number of users, system using DD has better performance than the system applying CS and AND detection. Using DD scheme, the number of active users are 100 while this value is 27 and 25 in case of using CS and AND detection, respectively, when the received optical power per chip is –10 dBm

Optical code division multiple access codes comparison in free space optics and optical fiber transmission medium

Performance of three different Optical Code Division Multiple Access codes namely Prime Code (PC), Quadratic Congruence (QC), and Khazani-Syed (KS) code are compared in Free Space Optic (FSO) and optical fiber transmission. The simulation results show that efficiency of a code family is medium-dependent. While one code family performs the best in fiber medium, it is not necessary that it acts the same in FSO. For instance, KS with code weight of 6 provides BER 10-12 at 600 m distance, while other codes cannot even reach to the threshold 10-9 at this point. However this code shows vulnerability against fiber dispersion. At 5 km fiber, it provides BER of 10-7, even less then PC with 10-8. In that point KS code with weight 6 attains the best performance with BER of 10-11

THE ANALYZING OF CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS ON STUDENTS OF HIGH SHOOLS GRADE X IN PLAJU AND SEBERANG ULU II DISTRICT

Based on the teacher questionnaire statement in Plaju and Seberang Ulu II District, the teacher has measured critical thinking skills. The teacher interview results stated that students still did not master the critical thinking skills of Biology High School. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage level of mastery of critical thinking skills of class X high school students in Plaju and Seberang Ulu II District. This research is quantitative descriptive research; the sample used is a public high school representing the District of Plaju and Seberang Ulu II District. The results of this study indicate that, on average, the results of the percentage analysis of the level of student’s critical thinking skills in class X high school in Plaju District is 49.46%, and Seberang Ulu II District is 56.52%. Both the percentage of indicators critical thinking skills in Plaju and Seberang Ulu II District is in the medium category

Adaptive Processing of Spatial-Keyword Data Over a Distributed Streaming Cluster

The widespread use of GPS-enabled smartphones along with the popularity of micro-blogging and social networking applications, e.g., Twitter and Facebook, has resulted in the generation of huge streams of geo-tagged textual data. Many applications require real-time processing of these streams. For example, location-based e-coupon and ad-targeting systems enable advertisers to register millions of ads to millions of users. The number of users is typically very high and they are continuously moving, and the ads change frequently as well. Hence sending the right ad to the matching users is very challenging. Existing streaming systems are either centralized or are not spatial-keyword aware, and cannot efficiently support the processing of rapidly arriving spatial-keyword data streams. This paper presents Tornado, a distributed spatial-keyword stream processing system. Tornado features routing units to fairly distribute the workload, and furthermore, co-locate the data objects and the corresponding queries at the same processing units. The routing units use the Augmented-Grid, a novel structure that is equipped with an efficient search algorithm for distributing the data objects and queries. Tornado uses evaluators to process the data objects against the queries. The routing units minimize the redundant communication by not sending data updates for processing when these updates do not match any query. By applying dynamically evaluated cost formulae that continuously represent the processing overhead at each evaluator, Tornado is adaptive to changes in the workload. Extensive experimental evaluation using spatio-textual range queries over real Twitter data indicates that Tornado outperforms the non-spatio-textually aware approaches by up to two orders of magnitude in terms of the overall system throughput

A Study on the Road Conditions Assessment Obtained from International Roughness Index (IRI): Roughometer Vs Hawkeye

Study is aimed to find out what is the representation of IRI (International Roughness Index) from the Roughometer results if it was used as substitute of IRI from the Hawkeye results on the road conditions assessment, which is the hawkeye device is included in the Class I category of roughness measurement devices, while the Roughometer is in the Class III. The Student’s t statistical operation is used to find the representation of IRI from the Roughometer results as substitute of IRI from the Hawkeye results. It is determined by analyzing the comparison of the mean values of both measurement results. The study was conducted on three national road sections in North Sumatra Province, namely: Bts. Kota Binjai – Bts. Kota Medan road with a length of 7,300 meters, Bts. Kota Tebing Tinggi – Bts. Kabupaten Simalungun road with a length of 18,800 meters, and Bts. Kabupaten Simalungun/Bts. Kabupaten Sergai road with a length of 15,000 meters. The IRI values were measured by using Roughometer and Hawkeye devices. The measurements were carried out with the survey team from the Center for Implementation of the National Road II Medan, which was also the facilitators in providing the survey equipment, Roughometer and Hawkeye. The statistical test results that the IRI values from the Roughometer measurement results were significantly different from the IRI values from the Hawkeye measurement results (Ho was rejected) because the Student’s t-test results for the three road sections showed that tcount > tcritical and p-value < 0.05. And the assessment of the road functional conditions using Roughometer showed the same results on one road section but worse results on the other two road sections compared to assessment of the functional conditions with Hawkeye. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that the IRI values from Roughometer were more conservative in representing the functional conditions of the road when used as a substitute for the IRI values from Hawkeye

A study on Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) practices in oil and gas industry / Alia Abdullah Saleh, Al-Hafzan Abdullah Halim and Anas Zafirol Abdullah Halim

The recent development of oil and gas industry has seen the aggressive and rigorous activities by the organizations directly and indirectly involved in exploration and production of oil and gas. Realizing the importance of risk management of which, once were the secondary activities to the organizations in Malaysia, this dissertation titled "Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Practices in Oil and Gas Industry" is documented. This first objective of doing this research is to identify the ERM practices in oil and gas industry in particular to PETRONAS Berhad and CNPE Services Sdn Bhd as the case studies. The second objective is to analyze the opinion from personnel on ERM implementation within the oil and gas organization. Analysis for the research comprises of comparative and descriptive approach as well as qualitative analysis which are based on case studies and questionnaire-guided interview. The findings revealed that ERM practices is systematically established, implemented and enforced as part of risk management tool in oil and gas industry in Malaysia. In addition, the opinions gathered from respondents in oil and gas industry shows that ERM practices and implementation are very encouraging. The information is obtained from oil and gas a personnel working in multiple disciplines within the organization comprises of oil and gas operators, consulting companies and service providers, where the results were then thoroughly analyzed. From the observations and findings, the author anticipate that this research would provide better perception to the readers on the scenario of ERM practices within oil and gas industry and the extent of risk management awareness in Malaysia. It is suggested that an in-depth research on the ERM practices are undertaken within the oil and gas industry or related industry to establish the degree of effectiveness and as a benchmark for adoption by the other industries

Food Security and Productivity among Urban Farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria

This study to investigated food security and productivity among urban farmers’ in Kaduna State Two-stage sampling procedure was used to select 213 respondents for the study. Interview schedule was used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (food security index, food insecurity/ surplus gap index and productivity index) and multiple regression model. The results show that 54.5% of the households were food insecure. The average daily per capita calorie intake for food secure households was 65516.28 kcal. The mean age of the respondents was 46 years old, 46% had tertiary education and average farm size was 1.25 ha. Regression model predicted food security status at 70.3% accuracy with MacFadden R-square of 0.13. This implies that all variables were able to explain 64% of the variation in food security status of the households, implying that on average, the probability of urban farming households will be food secure at 51%. The log-likelihood was significant at 1% and the average marginal effect was 0.51. All the variables included were able to explain 64% of the variation in food security status of the households. Therefore, it recommended that viral extension services and appropriate measures to be implemented to change behaviour of urban farmers and boost their productivity, thereby reducing food insecurity and increase income of urban farmers in the area

ANALISIS KUALITAS SOAL THREE TIER TEST MENGGUNAKAN TEORI RESPON BUTIR KLASIK

The research was conducted with the aim of determining the quality of the three-tier test questions for the final semester exam for basic physics 1 course using classical item response theory in students of the Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training UIN Alauddin Makassar. This type of research is a mix methode with a multiphase design research design. This research was conducted at the Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training UIN Alauddin Makassar. The results showed that the content validity test conducted with the Gregory test showed a validity level of 0.9 and the construct validity test obtained 28 valid items and 12 invalid items, while the reliability test using Alpha Cronbach obtained 0.6045 (quite reliable). From the results of the analysis of the quality of the questions obtained as many as 11 good grains, as many as 20 grains are enough and as many as 9 grains are not good. The impilation of this lamp is a question that has good quality and is good enough to be used as a question bank, while the question item that is not good should be revisedPenelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas soal three tier test ujian akhir semester mata kuliah Fisika Dasar 1 menggunakan teori respon butir klasik pada mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Fisika Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Alauddin Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah mix methode dengan desain penelitian multiphase design. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Prodi Pendidikan Fisika Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Alauddin Makassar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa uji validitas isi yang dilakukan dengan uji Gregory menunjukan tingkat validnya sebesar 0,9 dan uji validitas konstruk diperoleh 28 butir yang valid dan 12 butir yang tidak valid, sedangkan uji reliabilitas menggunakan Alpha Cronbach diperoleh 0,6045 (cukup reliabel). Dari hasil analisis kualitas soal diperoleh sebanyak 11 butir baik, sebanyak 20 butir cukup dan sebanyak 9  butir tidak baik. Impilkasi dari pelitian ini adalah soal yang mempunyai kualitas baik dan cukup baik dapat dijadikan sebagai bank soal, sedangkan butir soal yang tidak baik sebaiknya dilakukan revis