Strings with a confining core in a Quark-Gluon Plasma

We consider the intersection of N different interfaces interpolating between different $Z_N$ vacua of an SU(N) gauge theory using the Polyakov loop order parameter. Topological arguments show that at such a string-like junction, the order parameter should vanish, implying that the core of this string (i.e. the junction region of all the interfaces) is in the confining phase. Using the effective potential for the Polyakov loop proposed by Pisarski for QCD, we use numerical minimization technique and estimate the energy per unit length of the core of this string to be about 2.7 GeV/fm at a temperature about twice the critical temperature. For the parameters used, the interface tension is obtained to be about 7 GeV/fm$^2$. Lattice simulation of pure gauge theories should be able to investigate properties of these strings. For QCD with quarks, it has been discussed in the literature that this $Z_N$ symmetry may still be meaningful, with quark contributions leading to explicit breaking of this $Z_N$ symmetry. With this interpretation, such {\it QGP} strings may play important role in the evolution of the quark-gluon plasma phase and in the dynamics of quark-hadron transition.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, RevTe

Baryon Inhomogeneity Generation in the Quark-Gluon Plasma Phase

We discuss the possibility of generation of baryon inhomogeneities in a quark-gluon plasma phase due to moving Z(3) interfaces. By modeling the dependence of effective mass of the quarks on the Polyakov loop order parameter, we study the reflection of quarks from collapsing Z(3) interfaces and estimate resulting baryon inhomogeneities in the context of the early universe. We argue that in the context of certain low energy scale inflationary models, it is possible that large Z(3) walls arise at the end of the reheating stage. Collapse of such walls could lead to baryon inhomogeneities which may be separated by large distances near the QCD scale. Importantly, the generation of these inhomogeneities is insensitive to the order, or even the existence, of the quark-hadron phase transition. We also briefly discuss the possibility of formation of quark nuggets in this model, as well as baryon inhomogeneity generation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, revtex4, more detailed discussion added about formation and evolution of Z(3)domain walls in the univers

HUBUNGAN ANTARA BEBAN KERJA DENGAN KINERJA PERAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT : SUATU LITERATURE REVIEW

Tujuan studi: Mengetahui hubungan antara beban kerja dengan inerja perawat di rumah sakit : suatu literature review. Metodologi: Penelitian ini memakai Systematic Literature Review (RSLR), yaitu sebuah buatan berdasarkanstudi literature yang bersifat sistematik, menyeluruh, jelas, menggunakan mengevaluasi, menganalisis, mengidentifikasimenggunakan data yang telah terdapat menggunakan metodeeksplisit dan melibatkan proses telaah kritis dalam pemilihan studi. Data yang dipakai 15 jurnal nasional dan juga internasional yang diperoleh berdasarkan output screening sejumlah jurnal berdasarkangoogle scholar dan PubMed Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil jurnal yang dikumpulkan dan analisa penulis, didapatkan interaksi yang bermakna antara beban kerja dengan kinerja perawat. Manfaat: Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini bisa menjadi sumber informasi dan mengetahui beban kerja merupakan faktor besar yang mempengaruhi kinerja dari perawat, analisa dari beban kerja dapat dilihat dari tanggung jawab yang diterima oleh perawat, jika beban kerja terlalu tinggi maka memperkecil beban kerja perawat terhadap tugas yang bukan tanggung jawab dari perawat yang menyebabkan terjadinya kinerja buruk pada perawat

Analisis Efisiensi Dan Efektifitas Anggaran Belanja Langsung - Studi Pada SKPD Di Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh

The objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency and affectivity of direct spending budgeting of Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) of Banda Aceh city to identify factors that determine their efficiency and affectivity. It is a descriptive and explorative study that used both primary and secondary data. The data was collected from Laporan Realisasi Anggaran (LRA) of the studied SKPD between 2009 and 2013. Following that, questionnaires that identified factors that affect the efficiency and affectivity of direct spending budgeting were distributed to 76 respondents who play an important role in budgeting process in their SKPD. This study found that the studied SKPD have a relatively high efficiency and effectiveness, but these figures were varied across SKPD and period of observation. In addition, this study also uncovered that planning issues were the most frequent problems that causes low efficiency and effectiveness of direct spending budgeting in the studied SKPD

A rapidly fabricated dermal equivalent

Cell encapsulation in collagen hydrogels affords the ability to rapidly create living yet mechanically weak tissue equivalents. A previously developed compression technique that removes the interstitial fluid from these hydrogels allows for a rapid improvement of the mechanical strength with adequate cell survival. However, although the UTS of the resulting compressed collagen-rich tissue sheets approach those found in vivo, the break strength, due to the small size of these sheets, does not allow for appropriate handling properties such as suturing. In the present study it was found that both the thickness and the break strength of the compressed sheets could be improved by increasing the (pre-compression) collagen hydrogel volume. It was found here, however, that the previously described anisotropic increase of the collagen density in the hydrogel at the surface through which the interstitial fluid content is removed forms a mass transfer dependent resistance to the outflow of fluid through this surface which indicates that there is a limit to the size and strength of living tissue that can be achieved with this technique. It was found here that the suturability of the compressed sheets could also be enhanced by the hybridisation with a synthetic degradable mesh without compromising cell survival or the speed of construction. Fibroblast seeded hybrid constructs featuring a near confluent epithelial monolayer and with a stratified epithelium, created within 5 hours and 2 weeks respectively, were tested in a lapine model of an acute full thickness skin defect to test for their safety and efficacy in wound healing. Only constructs with a stratified epidermis showed a significant increase in wound closure and neo-vascularisation of the wound bed compared to untreated wounds. Comparison of the present findings with currently available living biological dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds suggests the utility and possible cost-effectiveness of this rapid tissue engineering technique

A novel path delay fault simulator using binary logic

A novel path delay fault simulator for combinational logic circuits which is capable of detecting both robust and nonrobust paths is presented. Particular emphasis has been given for the use of binary logic rather than the multiple-valued logic as used in the existing simulators which contributes to the reduction of the overall complexity of the algorithm. A rule based approach has been developed which identifies all robust and nonrobust paths tested by a two-pattern test <V1,V2>, while backtracing from the POs to PIs in a depth-first manner. Rules are also given to find probable glitches and to determine how they propagate through the circuit, which enables the identification of nonrobust paths. Experimental results on several ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm

Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Di PT PLN (Persero) Area Pengatur Distribusi Jawa Tengah & D.I.Yogyakarta Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Mutu Dan Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan

— PT PLN (Persero) Distribusi Area Manager Jawa Tengah dan DI Yogyakarta dalam upaya untuk menjadi manajer distribusi listrik yang memiliki keandalan kelas dunia harus memperhatikan keselamatan karyawan dan Kenyamanan ketika mereka bekerja. Yaitu dengan memberikan perlindungan dan jaminan kerja keselamatan dan kesehatan bagi karyawan. Perlindungan ini bertujuan untuk melindungi hak-hak dasar karyawan dan untuk memastikan pekerjaan dan perlakuan yang sama tanpa diskriminasi atas dasar apapun untuk menciptakan kesejahteraan karyawan dan keluarganya. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas penelitian ini membahas tiga masalah utama termasuk apa seperti penerapan Sistem Manajemen K3, seberapa besar tingkat kesadaran karyawan terhadap penerapan K3, dan apakah aplikasi tersebut memiliki dampak atau implikasi signifikan terhadap kualitas dan Produktivitas Kerja PT PLN (Persero) Distribusi Area Manager Karyawan dari Jawa Tengah dan DI Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis pendekatan deskriptif, itu adalah penelitian yang menggambarkan keseluruhan masalah obyek yang ada dan kemudian disimpulkan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT PLN (Persero) Distribusi Area Manager Jawa Tengah dan DI Yogyakarta dan juga menjadi sumber atau informan. Pengumpulan data teknik dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, check list, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penerapan sistem Manajemen K3 di PT PLN (Persero) Distribusi Area Manager Jawa Tengah dan DI Yogyakarta telah berjalan dengan baik dan sesuai dengan jumlah keputusan menteri PER 05/MEN/1996. Namun pelaksanaannya masih perlu ditingkatkan, terutama dalam pemeriksaan dan tahap evaluasi. Tingkat 'kesadaran terhadap K3 relatif tinggi, hal itu dibuktikan oleh karyawan karyawan pengetahuan tentang K3 sangat baik, mereka juga memperhatikan dan menerapkan Standard Operating System (SOP) dalam setiap pekerjaan mereka. Karyawan tahu risiko dan manfaat untuk diri sendiri atau Perusahaan mereka jika mereka bekerja tidak sesuai yang ada K3. Yang penting adalah penerapan K3 memberikan dampak atau implikasi yang signifikan terhadap kualitas dan produktivitas kerja karyawan, meskipun valuasi Sistem Manajemen K3 di sini hanya mencapai 55%. Keywords— PT PLN (Persero), Employees, Management System of K3

The Size and Meeting of Audit Committee on Earnings Management: Evidence from Indonesia

Penelitian ini mengiinvestigasi efektivitas karakteristik komite audit yang diwakili dengan jumlah anggota dan frekuensi pertemuan komite audit dakam mencegah kemungkinan manajemen laba. Manajemen laba diwakili dengan akrual diskresioner. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel dari seluruh perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di bursa efek indonesia dalam kurun waktu tahun 2009 sampai dengan 2014. Penelitian ini menemukan pengaruh yang signifikan antara jumah anggota komite audit dengan level rendah akrual diskresioner. Tetapi, penelitian ini tidak menemukan pengaruh antara frekuensi pertemuan komite audit dengan akrual diskresioner