Intersection between class and gender and its effect on the quality of employment in Chile

Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus.En este artículo se analiza el efecto de la intersección entre clase y género sobre la calidad del empleo en Chile. La medida de posición de clase utilizada está basada en la propuesta de Erik O. Wright y la calidad del empleo en una medida multidimensional, que incluye un índice de condiciones objetivas de empleo y dos índices de condiciones subjetivas (motivación en el trabajo y percepción del control sobre el proceso de trabajo). Los resultados demuestran que la clase y el género determinan diferencias significativas en la calidad objetiva y subjetiva del empleo. Sin embargo, los datos también indican que el género (particularmente, el hecho de ser mujer) no actúa necesariamente como “amplificador” de las desigualdades de clase observadas en el mercado laboral. A partir de esto, al final del artículo se plantean algunas reflexiones sobre cómo opera la intersección entre clase y género en el mercado laboral chileno.This study explores the impact of the intersection between class and gender on the quality of employment in Chile. The method used to measure social class position is based on the work of Erik O. Wright, while, for the quality of employment, a multidimensional measurement was used, including one index for objective working conditions and two indices for subjective ones (motivation on the job and the perception of control over work processes). The results demonstrate that class and gender give rise to signifcant differences in objective and subjective job quality. However, the data also indicate that gender (more specifcally, the fact of being female) does not necessarily amplify the class-based inequalities observed in the labour market. Drawing on these fndings, a number of thoughts about how the class/gender intersection operates in the Chilean labour market are shared in the fnal section of this studyhttp://hdl.handle.net/11362/4079

Methods Used to Manage Urinary Incontinence by Older Adults in the Community

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111237/1/j.1532-5415.1989.tb05502.x.pd

Artificial Intelligence Decision Support System Based on Artificial Neural Networks to Predict the Commercialization Time by the Evolution of Peach Quality

Climacteric fruit such as peaches are stored in cold chambers after harvest and usually are maintained there until the desired ripening is reached to direct these fruit to market. Producers, food industries and or traders have difficulties in defining the period when fruit are at the highest level of quality desired by consumers in terms of the physical‐chemical parameters (hardness –H–, soluble solids content –SSC–, and acidity –Ac–). The evolution of peach quality in terms of these parameters depends directly on storage temperature –T– and relative humidity –RH–, as well on the storage duration –t–. This paper describes an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Decision Support Sys‐ tem (DSS) designed to predict the evolution of the quality of peaches, namely the storage time re‐ quired before commercialization as well as the late commercialization time. The peaches quality is stated in terms of the values of SSC, H and Ac that consumers most like for the storage T and RH. An Artificial neuronal network (ANN) is proposed to provide this prediction. The training and val‐ idation of the ANN were conducted with experimental data acquired in three different farmers’ cold storage facilities. A user interface was developed to provide an expedited and simple predic‐ tion of the marketable time of peaches, considering the storage temperature, relative humidity, and initial physical and chemical parameters. This AI DSS may help the vegetable sector (logistics and retailers), especially smaller neighborhood grocery stores, define the marketable period of fruit. It will contribute with advantages and benefits for all parties—producers, traders, retailers, and con‐ sumers—by being able to provide fruit at the highest quality and reducing waste in the process. In this sense, the ANN DSS proposed in this study contributes to new AI‐based solutions for smart cities.This study is within the activities of project PrunusPós—Otimização de processos de ar‐ mazenamento, conservação em frio, embalamento ativo e/ou inteligente, e rastreabilidade da qual‐ idade alimentar no póscolheita de produtos frutícolas (Optimization of processes of storage, cold conservation, active and/or intelligent packaging, and traceability of food quality in the postharvest of fruit products), Operation n.º PDR2020‐101‐031695 (Partner), Consortium n.º 87, Initiative n.º 175 promoted by PDR2020 and co‐financed by FEADER under the Portugal 2020 initiative.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lagrangian formulation for noncommutative nonlinear systems

In this work we use the well known formalism developed by Faddeev and Jackiw to introduce noncommutativity within two nonlinear systems, the SU(2) Skyrme and O(3) nonlinear sigma models. The final result is the Lagrangian formulations for the noncommutative versions of both models. The possibility of obtaining different noncommutative versions for these nonlinear systems is demonstrated.Comment: 8 pages. Revex 4.

Gauging the SU(2) Skyrme model

In this paper the SU(2) Skyrme model will be reformulated as a gauge theory and the hidden symmetry will be investigated and explored in the energy spectrum computation. To this end we purpose a new constraint conversion scheme, based on the symplectic framework with the introduction of Wess-Zumino (WZ) terms in an unambiguous way. It is a positive feature not present on the BFFT constraint conversion. The Dirac's procedure for the first-class constraints is employed to quantize this gauge invariant nonlinear system and the energy spectrum is computed. The finding out shows the power of the symplectic gauge-invariant formalism when compared with another constraint conversion procedures present on the literature.Comment: revised version, to appear in Phys.Rev.

Distribuição espacial de plantas daninhas resistentes a herbicidas no Brasil.

A ocorrência de plantas daninhas resistentes a herbicidas no Brasil tem sido um grande problema para os agricultores. O uso continuado de um mesmo herbicida resulta na seleção de biótipos resistentes ao princípio ativo e torna o manejo de plantas daninhas mais difícil, o que, por sua vez, pode gerar redução de produtividade. A confirmação da resistência demanda estudos em condições controladas, cujos resultados são divulgados em literatura especializada. Este trabalho teve por objetivo iniciar um levantamento de ocorrências comprovadas de plantas daninhas resistentes a herbicidas no Brasil, para posterior espacialização. Os trabalhos se iniciaram pela mais importante publicação nessa área, a revista Plantas Daninhas, da Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, e abrangeram o período de 2000 a 2018. Foram publicados 36 artigos que descreviam plantas daninhas resistentes a herbicidas. As informações contidas nos artigos foram usadas para compor uma base de dados contendo informações sobre as plantas, os princípios ativos, o fator de resistência, os grupos de pesquisa, dados geográficos e agronômicos. Nesses artigos foram descritos 145 biótipos de plantas daninhas resistentes, pertencentes a 22 espécies e 12 gêneros. Os relatos descrevem a resistência a 14 princípios ativos. O herbicida mais frequente foi o glifosato, com 63 descrições. A maior parte dos biótipos resistentes foi encontrada no estado do Paraná, em seguida no Rio Grande do Sul, ocorrendo 68 e 50 relatos, respectivamente. Isso se deve, parcialmente, ao maior esforço de pesquisa realizado nesses estados

Response of estuarine meiofauna assemblage to effects of fertilizer enrichment used in the sugar cane monoculture. Pernambuco, Brazil

A aplicação in situ de fertilizantes inorgânicos foi utilizada para simular a eutrofização associada ao cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. A estrutura da associação de meiofauna foi analisada com o objetivo de avaliar este impacto. O experimento de enriquecimento do sedimento foi desenvolvido em nove áreas quadrangulares de 4m² distribuídas de forma aleatória no mediolitoral da área estuarina. Três áreas foram enriquecidas com alta concentração (375 g/m²) de NPK (Nitrogênio-Fósforo-Potássio), três com baixa concentração (187,5 g/m²) e as demais tratadas como controle. Os fertilizantes foram aplicados semanalmente. Os parâmetros físico-químicos do sedimento e a meiofauna bentônica foram coletados após três a quatro semanas da aplicação dos fertilizantes. Obedecendo este intervalo foram realizadas 6 amostragens subseqüentes. As amostras foram triadas e a meiofauna contada e identificada em nível de grande grupo. As respostas da meiofauna variaram de acordo com a área: enquanto a área Controle manteve sua abundância total durante todo o experimento, as áreas tratadas apresentaram forte queda nas densidades totais. A ordenação MDS e a análise ANOSIM evidenciaram mudanças significativas na estrutura da associação de meiofauna entre as áreas e também ao longo do experimento nas áreas tratadas.In situ application of inorganic fertilizer was used to simulate environmental eutrophication associated with the sugar cane monoculture. Meiofauna community structure is herein used to assess this experimental impact. Nine quadrangular areas (4m² each) were randomly defined in the midlittoral estuarine area. Three of these areas received a high dose of sugar cane fertilizer (375 g/m² Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium), three areas received a low dose of the fertilizer (187.5 g/m²) and the other three areas represented the control. The fertilizer was applied every week. Environmental parameters and meiofauna were sampled using three-to-four week intervals. Six samplings were subsequently performed maintaining this interval. Meiofauna was counted and identified to major taxonomic groups. Meiofauna community structure varied throughout the experimental areas. Control areas maintained their abundance values during the study period, but within the enriched areas meiofauna abundance decreased greatly. MDS and ANOSIM analysis showed significant variation in the meiofauna community structure among experimental areas and also along the experimental period in the enriched areas

Operatorial quantization of Born-Infeld Skyrmion model and hidden symmetries

The SU(2) collective coordinates expansion of the Born-Infeld\break Skyrmion Lagrangian is performed. The classical Hamiltonian is computed from this special Lagrangian in approximative way: it is derived from the expansion of this non-polynomial Lagrangian up to second-order variable in the collective coordinates. This second-class constrained model is quantized by Dirac Hamiltonian method and symplectic formalism. Although it is not expected to find symmetries on second-class systems, a hidden symmetry is disclosed by formulating the Born-Infeld Skyrmion %model as a gauge theory. To this end we developed a new constraint conversion technique based on the symplectic formalism. Finally, a discussion on the role played by the hidden symmetry on the computation of the energy spectrum is presented.Comment: A new version of hep-th/9901133. To appear in JP

Multifunctionality in an Ion-Exchanged Porous Metal-Organic Framework

Porous robust materials are typically the primary selection of several industrial processes. Many of these compounds are, however, not robust enough to be used as multifunctional materials. This is typically the case of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) which rarely combine several different excellent functionalities into the same material. In this report we describe the simple acid-base postsynthetic modification of isotypical porous rare-earth-phosphonate MOFs into a truly multifunctional system, maintaining the original porosity features: [Ln(H3pptd)]·xSolvent [where Ln3+ = Y3+ (1) and (Y0.95Eu0.05)3+ (1_Eu)] are converted into [K3Ln(pptd)]·zSolvent [where Ln3+ = Y3+ (1K) and (Y0.95Eu0.05)3+ (1K_Eu)] by immersing the powder of 1 and 1_Eu into an ethanolic solution of KOH for 48 h. The K+-exchanged Eu3+-based material exhibits a considerable boost in CO2 adsorption, capable of being reused for several consecutive cycles. It can further separate C2H2 from CO2 from a complex ternary gas mixture composed of CH4, CO2, and C2H2. This high adsorption selectivity is, additionally, observed for other gaseous mixtures, such as C3H6 and C3H8, with all these results being supported by detailed theoretical calculations. The incorporation of K+ ions notably increases the electrical conductivity by 4 orders of magnitude in high relative humidity conditions. The conductivity is assumed to be predominantly protonic in nature, rendering this material as one of the best conducting MOFs reported to date.publishe