Effect of indole-3-acetic acid on vegetative propagation by cutting cuatomate (Solanum glaucescens Zucc.)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of indole-3-acetic acid and type of rods in the vegetative propagation by cutting of the cuatomate and to describe the phenological stages, to increase production. Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized design was used by means of a 22 factorial arrangement to estimate the effect of two concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (1000 and 10000 ppm) and type of rods (secondary and tertiary) on the number of leaves and sprout of the plant. For propagation, 30 cm rods from secondary and tertiary branches of the cuatomate were used; with cuts at the ends, transversal and diagonal; parts that generate to the dossal and root, respectively. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance with the general linear models procedure. Results: Highly significant differences (p ? 0.01) were observed between the variables under study. Higher number of leaves and sprout (16.700 and 20.000, respectively) were observed in tertiary rods when inoculated with 1000 ppm of IAA. In the evaluation of the phenological stages, the first bud appeared at 30 days, the first leaf and flowers at 40 and 180 days after inoculation, respectively. Limitations on study/implications: In the transversal section, commercial candelilla wax was applied to prevent possible attacks by pathogens and it was ensured that the rods are completely covered with indole-3-acetic acid. Findings/conclusions: The use of indole-3-acetic acid in the vegetative propagation of the cuatomate would be an alternative to increase its production; promoting a sustainable activity for the Mixtec region of Puebla.Objective: To evaluate the effect of indole-3-acetic acid and budwood type in the vegetative propagation by cutting cuatomate (Solanum glaucescens Zucc.) and to describe the phenological stages, in order to increase production. Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized design with a 22 factorial design was used to estimate the effect of two concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (1000 and 10000 ppm) and budwood type (secondary and tertiary) on the number of leaves and sprouts of the plant. With regard to propagation, 30-cm budwoods from secondary and tertiary branches of cuatomate were used; transversal and diagonal cuts were made at the ends of the branches that generate the canopy and the root, respectively. Data was subject to an analysis of variance, using the general linear model procedure. Results: Highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were observed between the variables under study. Higher number of leaves and sprouts (16.700 and 20.000, respectively) were observed in tertiary budwoods inoculated with 1000 ppm of IAA. In the evaluation of the phenological stages, the first bud appeared at 30 days, while the first leaf and flowers appeared 40 and 180 days after inoculation, respectively. Study limitations/implications: Commercial candelilla wax was applied in the transversal cut to prevent attacks by pathogens and every single budwood was completely covered with indole-3-acetic acid. Findings/conclusions: The use of indole-3-acetic acid in the vegetative propagation of cuatomate would be an alternative to increase its production; promoting a sustainable activity in the Mixtec region of Puebla

Detection of Bartonella bovis DNA in blood samples from a veterinarian in Mexico

The genus Bartonella encompasses 38 validated species of Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that colonize the endothelial cells and erythrocytes of a wide spectrum of mammals. To date, 12 Bartonella species have been recorded infecting humans, causing diseases of long historical characterization, such as cat scratch fever and trench fever, and emerging bartonellosis that mainly affect animal health professionals. For this reason, this study aimed to report a documented case of Bartonella bovis infecting a veterinarian from Mexico by the amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction of the citrate synthase (gltA) and the RNA polymerase beta-subunit (rpoB) genes, and to report the natural course of this infection. To our knowledge, this work is the first to report the transmission of B. bovis via needlestick transmission to animal health workers in Latin America

Tricholiperus lipeurides (Mégnin 1884) in Mazama temama (Kerr 1792): first case report in Mexico

Objective: To identify the taxonomy of the lice of the family Trichodectidae present in a captive population of M. temama. Methodology: Lice were collected from 15 red brocket deer (M. temama) in captivity at the Unit for the Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use of Wildlife (UMA) El Pochote, Ixtaczoquitlán, Veracruz, Mexico. The deer were sedated and inspected in the ventral, inguinal, ears and tail areas to collect the lice, which were observed with bright field microscopy and electron microscopy and using taxonomic keys they were identified at the species level. Results: A total of 155 lice identified as Tricholiperus lipeuroides were collected from 8 females and 7 males of M. temama. The prevalence was 60% (9 of 15 deer had lice) and the mean abundance of 10 lice per deer. The inguinal and ventral areas were the areas of the body where the presence of lice accumulated the most. Implications: This study expands the knowledge about ectoparasites in M. temama in captivity and how the chewing louse T. lipeuroides adapts to new hosts. Although M. temama acts as an incidental host for T. lipeuroides, the deer did not show clinical signs such as hair loss. This information had not been reported in other studies and there are no previous case reports for Mexico. Conclusions: The presence of T. lipeuroides in M. temama is reported for the first time in the UMA El Pochote, Ixtaczoquitlán, Veracruz, Mexico, since by sharing some areas of the UMA enclosures with O. virginianus; red brocket deer became a host of T. lipeuroides.Objective: To identify the taxonomy of lice of the family Trichodectidae present in a captive population of M. temama.Methodology: Lice were collected from 15 red brocket (Temazate) deer (M. temama) in captivity at the Unit for the Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use of Wildlife El Pochote, Ixtaczoquiltan, Veracruz, Mexico. The deer were sedated and inspected in the ventral and inguinal zone, ears and tail to collect the lice, which were observed with bright field microscopy and electron microscopy. Then, with the use of taxonomic keys, lice were identified up to species.Results: A total of 155 lice identified as Tricholiperus lipeuroides were collected in 8 females and 7 males of M. temama. The prevalence was 60% (9 out of 15 deer had lice) at an average abundance of 10 lice per deer. The inguinal and ventral zone were the areas of the body where most of the collected lice were detected. Implications: This study expands the knowledge about ectoparasites in M. temama incaptivity, recording for the first time the association of the chewing louse T. lipeuroideswith this species of deer. The deer analyzed did not present clinical signs such as hairloss. This information is not yet reported in other studies; there are no previous casereports for Mexico.Conclusions: The presence of T. lipeuroides in M. temama is reported for the first timein the UMA El Pochote, Ixtaczoquitlán, Veracruz, Mexico. Since M. temama sharessome areas of the enclosures in the UMA with O. virginianus, the Temazate became ahost of T. lipeuroides

Embryo development after ICSI, using spermatozoa from bovine testicular tissue treated with three membrane-destabilizing agents

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine differences in embryo development of bovine oocytes fertilized by frozen/thawed spermatozoa (F/T), or by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using F/T or spermatozoa from fresh (FTT) or cryopreserved testicular tissue (CTT) using three spermatozoa membrane destabilizers. Methods. Treatment (TRT) 1- In vitro fertilization (FIV) with F/T, TRT-2 ICSI with F/T, TRT-3 ICSI with FTT, TRT-4 ICSI with CTT. The spermatozoa membranes were destabilized using Triton X-100 (TX), Lysolecithin (LL) or Heparin--Glutathione (Hep-GSH). Embryo cleavage at 48 h and grade 1 and 2 blastocyst on day 8 post fertilization were recorded. The comparison among main effect means were analyzed based on the least significant difference of Fisher. Results. At D8 there was no difference in percentage of blastocyst formation among ICSI TRTs (F/T 13 ± 3, FTT 6 ± 3 and CTT 6 ± 3 p>0.05), but they were lower than control (FIV 23 ± 5). With Hep-GSH destabilizer, there was a lower cleavage at 48 h than the LL and TX (35± 5, vs 50± 5 and 56± 5 p<0.05). Cleavage at 48 h was better for the ICSI with F/T and LL, while for D8, the best percentage to blastocyst was for TX. Conclusion. It is possible to produce blastocysts using ICSI with spermatozoa obtained from fresh or cryopreserved testicular tissue. Sperm cells treated with TX or LL produced more BL than those treated with Hep-GSH. More experiments using spermatozoa obtained from different sources are necessary to improve embryo development after ICSI. Keywords:  ICSI, Vitrification, Testicular tissue, Oocytes, Bovine, Fertilization.R Objective. To determine the differences in the embryo development of bovine oocytes fertilized with frozen/thawing (F/T) spermatozoa or with the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of F/T, spermatozoa from fresh testicular tissue (FTT), and cryopreserved testicular tissue (CTT), using three spermatozoa membrane-destabilizing agents. Methodology. Four treatments were used. Treatment (TRT-1): In vitro fertilization (IVF) with F/T. TRT-2: ICSI with F/T. TRT-3: ICSI with FTT. TRT-4: ICSI with CTT. The spermatozoa membranes were destabilized with Triton X-100 (TX), Lysolecithin (LL), and Heparin-Glutathione (Hep-GSH). Embryonic division was recorded at 48 h and grade 1 and 2 blastocysts (BL) were recorded 8 days (D8) after the fertilization. The means were compared using Fisher’s least significant difference method. Results. At D8, the blastocysts formation between ICSI treatments (F/T 13 ± 3, FTT 6 ± 3, and CTT 6 ± 3, p>0.05) were lower than control (IVF 23 ± 5). There was a lower cleavage at 48 h using Hep-GSH than when LL and TX were used (35 ± 5 vs 50± 5 and 56± 5, p<0.05). Embryo division at 48 h obtained better results with the ICSI + F/T and LL treatment, while the highest blastocyst percentage at D8 was obtained using TX. Conclusions. Blastocysts can be produced through ICSI, using spermatozoa from fresh or cryopreserved testicular tissue. The spermatozoa treated with TX and LL produced a higher percentage of BL than the spermatozoa treated with Hep-GSH. Further experiments should be carried out using spermatozoa obtained from different sources, in order to improve embryo development after the ICSI

Suppression of cell migration is promoted by miR-944 through targeting of SIAH1 and PTP4A1 in breast cancer cells

Background: Aberrant expression of microRNAs has been associated with migration of tumor cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological significance of miR-944 whose function is unknown in breast cancer. Methods: MiR-944 expression in breast cancer cells and tumors was evaluated by Taqman qRT-PCR assays. Transcriptional profiling of MDA-MB-231 cells expressing miR-944 was performed using DNA microarrays. Cell viability, migration and invasion were assessed by MTT, scratch/wound-healing and transwell chamber assays, respectively. The luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate targeting of SIAH1, PTP4A1 and PRKCA genes by miR-944. SIAH1 protein levels were measured by Western blot. Silencing of SIAH1 gene was performed by RNA interference using shRNAs. Results: Our data showed that miR-944 expression was severely repressed in clinical specimens and breast cancer cell lines. Suppression of miR-944 levels was independent of hormonal status and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Gain-of-function analysis indicated that miR-944 altered the actin cytoskeleton dynamics and impaired cell migration and invasion. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of MDA-MB-231 cells that ectopically express miR-944 showed that 15 genes involved in migration were significantly repressed. Notably, luciferase reporter assays confirmed the ability of miR-944 to bind the 3´UTR of SIAH1 and PTP4A1 genes, but not PRKCA gene. Congruently, an inverse correlation between miR-944 and SIAH1 protein expression was found in breast cancer cells. Moreover, SIAH1 was upregulated in 75 % of miR-944-deficient breast tumors. Finally, SIAH1 gene silencing by RNA interference significantly impaired cell migration of breast cancer cells. Conclusions: Our results pointed out that miR-944 is a novel upstream negative regulator of SIAH1 and PTP4A1 genes and provided for the first time evidence for its functional role in migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. They also suggest that miR-944 restoration may represent a potential strategy for breast cancer therapy

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

EL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE DESARROLLADOR DESDE LA CLASE DE ESPAÑOL

El presente trabajo aborda un tema de gran valor al recurrir a las vías y métodos que se sustentan en los más altos niveles de análisis sobre el Aprendizaje Desarrollador. Se inicia con una valoración de la temática en cuestión, donde se precisan los elementos que constituyen contradicciones en el Proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje del Español. Se realiza una amplia sistematización de los principales referentes teóricos que sustentan el Proceso Enseñanza-Aprendizaje Desarrollador, profundizando en sus dimensiones e indicadores, además se hace referencia a los principales contenidos que son en realidad la apoyatura científica de esta modesta investigación.enseñanza, aprendizaje, clase de español, Cuba

DETERMINACIÓN DE LA VIDA DE ANAQUEL DE GALLETAS CON HARINA DE ALMENDRA Y CÁSCARA DE MANGO

El propósito de esta investigación fue estimar la vida de anaquel de formulaciones de galletas elaboradas con sustitución parcial de harina de trigo por harinas de cáscara y almendra de dos variedades de mango (Mangifera indica L.), a través de pruebas aceleradas. Se emplearon dos formulaciones, F2 y F4, con 14% y 10% de harina de cáscara de mango criollo y pescado, respectivamente, ambas con un porcentaje fijo (23%) de harina de almendra de mango de cada variedad, además de otros de ingredientes. Las formulaciones se almacenaron a 40 y 50°C, durante 60 días. Se empleó la apreciación general, el porcentaje de humedad e índice de peróxidos como indicadores de deterioro. Se realizaron dos muestreos por cada temperatura y los resultados se emplearon para definir la cinética de esta reacción de deterioro, la cual se asumió como de orden uno. El índice de peróxidos fue el parámetro de calidad más afectado por las condiciones de almacenamiento y, por lo tanto, tiene influencia en el tiempo de vida útil de las galletas; resultando 5.04 y 5.28 meses, el periodo en que las formulaciones de las galletas F2 y F4, tendrán una vida útil, almacenadas a una temperatura de 25°C

Hematological and biochemical profile of spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) in captivity

Objective: To estimate the hematological and biochemical reference values in Ateles geoffroyi individuals in captivity. Methodology: 11 males and 23 females were captured. We collected blood from the coccygian vein; conventional techniques were used to analyze the samples. Results: MCV: mean corpuscular volume (P < 0.03), PLT: platelets (P < 0.04) were significantly higher in females than in males. In relation to biochemical blood values wasn`t significantly in male and female groups. Limitations/Implications: hematological and biochemical reference values of A. geoffroyi are within normal health parameters, are between the ranges reported for other species of neotropical primates and can be used as a reference in for the management of the health of this species in captivity. Conclusions: hematological and biochemical parameters of captive specimens of A. geoffroyi are described, which provide reference indicators for the management of the health of the species.Objective: To estimate the hematological and biochemical reference values inMAteles geoffroyi individuals in captivity. Methodology: Eleven males and 23 females were captured. We collected blood,from the coccygian vein; conventional techniques were used to analyze thesamples.Results: mean corpuscular volume (MCV; P < 0.03), platelets (PLT; P < 0.04) were significantly higher in females than in males. In relation to biochemical blood values wasn’t significantly in male and female groups.Limitations/Implications: hematological and biochemical reference values of A. geoffroyi are within normal health parameters, are between the ranges reported for other species of neotropical primates and can be used as a reference in for the management of the health of this species in captivity.Conclusions: hematological and biochemical parameters of captive specimens of A. geoffroyi are described, which provide reference indicators for the management of the health of the species