Estimación de la densidad poblacional del venado cola blanca texano (odocoileus virginianus texanus), introducido en la UMA "Ejido de Amanalco" Estado de México

La introducción del O.v. texanus en Amanalco, Estado de México, ocurrió en el año 2000 con diez ejemplares y para estimar la densidad poblacional actual se utilizó el método indirecto; realizándose 13 transectos lineales con un área promedio de muestreo de 26 400 m2 para cada uno, utilizando la fórmula de Eberhardt y Van Etten (1956). Con cuatro repeticiones distribuidas en verano e invierno. Se observó una densidad de 0.4216 y 0.5238 venados/ha respectivamente que corresponde a la distribución natural de la subespecie (O.v mexicanus), siendo la especie más vulnerable de las 14 que se encuentran en nuestro país. Se concluye que la introducción de una subespecie exótica y su establecimiento exitoso, representa un riesgo latente de hibridación con la especie nativa

"Capital Stock and Unemployment: Searching for the Missing Link"

The purpose of this paper is to examine the proposition that capital stock relative to aggregate output has been an important variable in the determination of the U.S. NAIRU (Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment) over the last four decades. We present new empirical evidence, obtained from the application of the cointegrated VAR methodology to U.S. time-series data, that lends strong support to the claim that the aggregate capital-output ratio, the real price of imports, and aggregate capacity utilization were determinants of the NAIRU in the period considered. The same evidence also shows that technical progress and changes in long-term unemployment did not affect the NAIRU. We believe this evidence suggests that, insofar as the aggregate capital-output ratio is affected by changes in real interest rates, the stance of monetary policy is one determinant of the NAIRU.

Acquisition of family farm foods for school meals: Analysis of public procurements within rural family farming published by the cities of Sao Paulo state

Objective To assess the food profile in the public procurement within rural family farming for the acquisition of family farm foods for the National School Feeding Program in the cities of Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Methods A total of 122 public procurement within rural family farming published electronically by 99 cities from January to September of 2013 were analyzed. The foods were classified in the following groups: grains; roots and tubers; legumes; meat; fish; vegetables; fruits; processed foods; ingredients; and milk. The cities were grouped into quartiles according to the number of elementary school students. The foods listed in the public procurement within rural family farming were then assessed according to city size. The Kruskal-Wallis test verified the difference between the number of foods in each group and in each quartile (p<0.05). Results Of all the foods, the most common groups in the public procurement within rural family farming were the vegetable and fruit groups, representing 50 and 31%, respectively. The number of foods in the groups of grains, legumes, and milk in the public procurement within rural family farming increased with the number of students. On the other hand, cities with fewer students acquired more foods from the fruit group, resulting in differences between the quartiles (p<0.05). The group of processed foods was requested by 41% of the cities. Conclusion Fresh foods were the most common types of foods in the public procurement within rural family farming, demonstrating that the acquisition of family farm products can contribute to school meal quality.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Ctr Colaborador Alimentacao & Nutr Escolar, Programa Posgrad Interdisciplinar Ciencias Saude, BR-11015020 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Saude & Soc, Dept Biociencias, BR-11015020 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Saude & Soc, Dept Saude Clin & Inst, R Silva Jardim 136, BR-11015020 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Ctr Colaborador Alimentacao & Nutr Escolar, Programa Posgrad Interdisciplinar Ciencias Saude, BR-11015020 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Saude & Soc, Dept Biociencias, BR-11015020 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Saude & Soc, Dept Saude Clin & Inst, R Silva Jardim 136, BR-11015020 Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Reaccion en cadena de polimerasa en tiempo real cuantitativa (qPCR) para el diagnostico de tuberculosis pulmonar en esputo de pacientes con VIH/sida

Objetivo: Evaluar la Reacción en Cadena de Polimerasa en tiempo real cuantitativa (qPCR) para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar (TBP) en esputo de pacientes con sida y sospecha clínica de TBP. Método: Se trata de un estudio prospectivo para evaluación de precisión de prueba diagnóstica, realizado en 140 muestras de esputo provenientes de 140 pacientes con sida y sospecha clínica de TBP atendidos en dos hospitales de referencia para atención VIH/sida en Recife-PE, Brasil. Se utilizó el cultivo en medios Löwenstein-Jensen y 7H9 como estándar de oro. Resultados: De las 140 muestras de esputo, 47 (33,6%) fueron positivas por el estándar de oro. La qPCR fue positiva en 42 (30%) de los pacientes. En apenas un (0.71%) caso no correspondió con el cultivo. La sensibilidad, especificidad y precisión de la qPCR fueron 87,2%, 98,9% y 95% respectivamente. De las 42 qPCR positivas en 39 (93%) el CT (threshold cycle) fue igual o inferior a 37. Conclusión: La qPCR realizada en muestra de esputo de pacientes con sida demostró sensibilidad, especificidad y precisión satisfactoria, pudiendo ser recomendada como método de diagnóstico de TBP.Objective: To assess quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) for the sputum smear diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in patients living with HIV/AIDS with a clinical suspicion of PTB. Method: This is a prospective study to assess the accuracy of a diagnostic test, conducted on 140 sputum specimens from 140 patients living with HIV/AIDS with a clinical suspicion of PTB, attended at two referral hospitals for people living with HIV/AIDS in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A Löwenstein-Jensen medium culture and 7H9 broth were used as gold standard. Results: Of the 140 sputum samples, 47 (33.6%) were positive with the gold standard. q-PCR was positive in 42 (30%) of the 140 patients. Only one (0.71%) did not correspond to the culture. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the q-PCR were 87.2%, 98.9% and 95% respectively. In 39 (93%) of the 42 q-PCR positive cases, the CT (threshold cycle) was equal to or less than 37. Conclusion: q-PCR performed on sputum smears from patients living with HIV/AIDS demonstrated satisfactory sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, and may therefore be recommended as a method for diagnosing PTB

Turismo de golfe na ilha de São Miguel : fatores que influenciam a duração da estadia

O objetivo central deste artigo é analisar os motivos da visita e os fatores que influenciam a duração da estadia dos turistas de golfe na ilha de São Miguel, prosseguindo-se com a segmentação do mercado. O conhecimento teórico deste tema permitiu a elaboração de um questionário que foi aplicado aos turistas de golfe que passaram pelo Campo de Golfe da Batalha. Os resultados deste questionário permitirão apurar a duração da estadia e o grau de satisfação.ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to analyze the reasons for the visit and the factors that influence the length of stay of golf tourists in São Miguel Island, continuing with market segmentation. Theoretical knowledge of this subject has allowed the development of a questionnaire that was applied to golf tourists who visited the golf course of Batalha. The results of this questionnaire will determine the length of stay and satisfaction.N/

Study of Burden Among Caregivers of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate

The psychological and physical health of caregivers of children with cleft lip and palate can be strongly influenced by the child’s condition and behavior, and care required by the treatment. This study’s objective was to identify overload levels among these caregivers. A total of 100 caregivers, whose children were in the perioperative period of cheiloplasty and/or palatoplasty, were interviewed using the Scale Burden Interview. The data were analyzed quantitatively. Moderate and moderate severe burden levels were identified in 43% of the sample. The mothers of children aged around 12 months presented significantly higher overload. The results indicate that children in this developmental stage present greater care demand because they seek autonomy in locomotion, explore objects in their surrounding environment, and continually request communicative and affective-social interaction with their reference to greater attachment (the caregiver), which may have contributed to higher burden.A saúde psicológica e física dos cuidadores das crianças com fissura labiopalatina pode ser fortemente influenciada pela condição e comportamento da criança e pela demanda de cuidados dispensados no tratamento. Este estudo objetivou identificar os níveis de sobrecarga nesses cuidadores. Participaram 100 cuidadores cujos filhos se encontravam no período perioperatório de queiloplastia e/ou palatoplastia. A Escala Burden Interview foi utilizada como instrumento. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente. Foram identificados níveis moderados e moderados-severos de sobrecarga em 43% da amostra. Observou-se que mães de crianças com idade em torno de 12 meses apresentaram sobrecarga significativamente maior. Os resultados foram indicativos de maior exigência de cuidados com a criança nessa fase do desenvolvimento, decorrente da busca de autonomia na locomoção, exploração de objetos no ambiente próximo, com solicitações contínuas de interação comunicativa e afetiva-social junto à referência de maior apego (o cuidador), o que pode ter contribuído para uma maior sobrecarga.La salud física y psicológica de los cuidadores de niños con fisura labiopalatina puede ser fuertemente influenciado por el estado y el comportamiento del niño, y por la demanda de atención prestada en el tratamiento. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los niveles de sobrecarga de estos cuidadores. Participaron 100 cuidadores de niños que estaban en el periodo perioperatorio de queiloplastia y/o palatoplastia. Fue utilizada como instrumento la Escala Burden Interview. Los datos fueron analizados cuantitativamente. Niveles leves y moderados-graves fueron identificados en el 43% de la muestra. Se observó que las madres de niños en edad alrededor de doce meses tuvieron sobrecarga significativamente mayor. Los resultados fueron indicativos de una mayor demanda de cuidados para el niño en esta fase de desarrollo, debido a la búsqueda de autonomía en la locomoción, la exploración de los objetos en el entorno circundante, con continuas solicitaciones de interacción comunicativa y afectivo-sociales, juntamente con la referencia de mayor apego (el cuidador), lo que puede haber contribuido a una sobrecarga mayor

Health and disease among Panará (Kreen-Akarôre) Indians in Central Brazil after twenty-five years of contact with our World, with an emphasis on tuberculosis

The Panará, who had previously lived in isolation from Brazilian national society in the Amazon forest, were first contacted in 1973. Two years later they were moved to another area in Central Brazil. During this same period they were reduced to 82 members, the survivors of a population of 400 to 500 in the mid-1960s. In 1995 they returned to a small area in their old territory still not occupied by outsiders. There, three years later, a health survey showed a presumed diagnosis of tuberculosis in 15 individuals out of a population of 181. Further tests in the town of Colider, based on clinical data and chest X-rays, confirmed the diagnosis in 10 Panará (6 children under 10 years of age and 4 adults from 40 to 50 years old). BCG scars were present in the entire population. The nutritional status of Panará children was better than that of other indigenous groups in the Amazon region. The following measures were introduced for Tb control: a) treatment follow-up in the village, under direct supervision by both a nurse and the local indigenous health worker; b) compliance with defined criteria for ending treatment; c) periodic control of contacts and non-contacts; c) and establishment of a reference system with the health services in Colider.Em 1973, houve a quebra do estado de isolamento dos Panará (Kren-Akarore) no interior da floresta amazônica. Dois anos após estavam reduzidos a 82 indivíduos, de uma população estimada em 400 a 500 em meados dos anos 60. Em 1998, o exame dos Panará, nas cabeceiras do rio Iriri, sul do Pará, levou ao diagnóstico presuntivo de tuberculose em 15 indivíduos, dos quais 10 foram confirmados na cidade de Colider com base em dados clínicos e radiológicos. Desses 10 casos, 6 eram menores de 10 anos de idade e 4 tinham de 40 a 50 anos. Todos da tribo apresentavam cicatriz vacinal do BCG. Em crianças, a prevalência de desnutrição crônica e de anemia ferropriva foi menor do que a relatada em outros grupos indígenas da região amazônica. As medidas de controle da Tb, a nível local, incluíram: a) continuidade do tratamento dos pacientes, na aldeia, sob supervisão do Auxiliar de Enfermagem e do Agente Indígena de Saúde; b) observância dos critérios de cura; c) acompanhamento clínico de comunicantes e não-comunicantes dada a elevada prevalência da doença; d) implantação de sistema de referência e contra-referência com serviços de saúde de Colider.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Medicina PreventivaCentro Universitário São CamiloUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Medicina PreventivaSciEL