Notice Boards for Concessions and Concessionary Approvals on the Maritime Domain

The adoption of the new Concessions Act in 2017 provoked significant reactions within the Croatian public. Reactions were basically related not to the procedural, but to the sectoral regulation: Maritime Domain and the Seaports Act. Namely, according to the media, practice has shown that concession holders have often violated their powers by restricting the general use of the maritime domain. Since it is difficult for an average and even legally instructed person to determine the scope of rights a concessionaire or a concessionary approval holder is awarded on the maritime domain, we would propose that notice boards be introduced that would provide a 2D-bar code for more detailed information concerning the concessionaire or the concessionary approval holder. With a minimal cost, this would significantly increase the transparency of activities carried out on the maritime domain

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT ON BRAIN PLASTICITY IN TELEOSTEI

Prave koštunjače su kao filogenetski najstarija skupina kralježnjaka, zadržale najveću sposobnost neurogeneze, plastičnosti mozga te regeneracije centralnog živčanog sustava. Neurogeneza i plastičnost mozga mijenjaju se u odnosu na način života i okoliš u kojem ribe žive, što se očituje i kroz veliku morfološku raznolikost. Obogaćenje okoliša potiče plastičnost mozga i povećava razinu proliferacije stanica u pojedinim regijama mozga te pospješuje dugoročne potencijacije u hipokampusu. Na staničnoj razini, važnu ulogu ima reverzibilno polisijalizirana NCAM molekula koja djeluje na formaciju i remodeliranje sinapsi, rast i navođenje aksona i dendrita te neurogenezu. Ključna je u regulaciji između plastičnosti i sinaptičke povezanosti, a njezina distribucija u pojedinim regijama mozga prilagođena je na ekološku nišu koju ribe zauzimaju. Morfologija mozga usko je povezana s ponašanjem riba. Različitim osjetnim sustavima procesuiraju informacije iz okoline te se prilagođuju zadanim selekcijskim pritiscima, što rezultira strukturalnim i neurofiziološkim promjenama u mozgu.eleostei is phylogenetically the oldest group of vertebrates, and have kept the highest ability of neurogenesis, neural plasticity and regeneration of the central nervous system. Neurogenesis and brain plasticity are closely affected with fish lifestyle and the environment they live in, which results in great morphological diversity. Environmental enrichment promotes brain plasticity and increases cell proliferation in the hippocampus. At the cellular level, reversibly Polysialylated NCAM plays a key role in neurogenesis, synapses formation and remodeling, growth and bifurcation of axons and dendrites. It is important in regulation between brain plasticity and connectivity and its distribution in specific regions is modified with the ecological niche in which the fish lives. Brain morphology is closely related to fish behavior. They process the information from their environment with different sensory systems and accordingly adapt to selective pressures. This results in structural and neurophysiological changes in brain structures

UPOTREBA ICT-A U OSNOVNIM ŠKOLAMA - ANALIZA DIGITALNE PODJELE U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

ICT has changed the way we live, work, learn and communicate. However, the recent uneven expansion of technology use has led to the emergence of differences between countries, regions, groups of people and individuals. In addition, another difference known as the digital divide resurfaced. In this paper the authors have outlined the results of their research, which took place in April and June of 2011 among 4 th grade pupils. The aim of the research was to determine whether the digital divide among 4th grade primary school pupils in certain rural and urban regions exists. Our sample consisted of 286 pupils in 9 primary schools. Four primary schools have been taken as representatives of the urban regions (the town of Zagreb) and 5 of the rural (the region of Nova Gradiška).The results show that the digital divide does not manifest itself when compared against the access of infrastructure. However, the results imply that a digital divide might exist between the pupils of these two regions with regard to the knowledge of technology use, but also to the opportunity of buying new technologies.U posljednje vrijeme dolazi do neujednačenog širenja i upotrebe suvremenih tehnologija, što dovodi do sve većih razlika između različitih zemalja, njihovih regija, grupa ljudi i pojedinaca. Pojavila se još jedna nejednakost koja se naziva digitalnom podjelom. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati istraživanja digitalne podjele učenika 4. razreda koje je provedeno u republici hrvatskoj u travnju i svibnju 2011. godine. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi prisutnost digitalne podjele kod učenika 4. Razreda osnovnih škola u jednoj urbanoj i ruralnoj sredini Republike Hrvatske. Ukupno je ispitano 286 učenika u 9 osnovnih škola. 4 osnovne škole predstavljale su urbanu sredinu (grad Zagreb), a 5 ruralnu (okolicu Nove Gradiške). Rezultati su pokazali kako se digitalna podjela kod učenika 4. Razreda ne očituje s obzirom na pristup infrastrukturi. No rezultati su uputili i na postojanje digitalne podjele između učenika ove dvije sredine s obzirom na poznavanje upotrebe tehnologija, ali i s obzirom na mogućnost kupovine novih tehnologija

THE IMPACT OF TAX EXEMPTION ON THE PROPERTY OF RELIGIOUS CONGREGATIONS – AT THE CROSSROADS OF UNINTERRUPTED TRADITIONS AND MODERN REQUIREMENTS

U radu se daje povijesno-pravni prikaz instituta poreznog izuzeća imovine crkava i vjerskih zajednica u svjetlu presude Suda Europske unije u predmetu Crkvena zajednica protiv Općine Getafe (2017.). Riječ je o poreznoj olakšici duge tradicije koja se i danas univerzalno primjenjuje i koja je snažno određena nacionalnim odnosom države i crkve, i što se tiče financiranja i što se tiče uloge vjere u konkretnom društvu. Suočavanje crkava s novim društvenim i gospodarskim okolnostima poput rasta crkvene imovine i nedostatka javnih prihoda stavili su pitanje izuzimanja od oporezivanja crkvene imovine u središte interesa mnogih zemalja. Europska unija ne dovodi u pitanje status koji na temelju nacionalnog prava imaju crkve u državama članicama. Međutim, dok rasprave o ulozi vjere i vjerskih zajednica u modernome europskom društvu i dalje traju, čini se da Unija u poreznim izuzećima podvlači jasnu crtu dopuštenosti. Bez obzira na nacionalne razloge i specifičnosti uređenja, podvodeći pitanje izuzimanja pod unijska pravila državnih potpora i ispitujući prirodu djelatnosti vjerskih zajednica, ustoličuje se nov pravni okvir tretmana poreznih izuzeća dodijeljenih imovini vjerskih zajednica. Time dodijeljene porezne olakšice, unatoč drevnim temeljima i posebnim vezama, bivaju ukinute ili znatno revidirane.The article provides an overview of the institute of tax exemption of churches and religious congregations in the light of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Church Congregation against Municipality of Getafe (2017). The case involved a long tradition of tax relief which is still universally applied today and which is strongly defined by the relationship between the state and the church both regarding the financing and the role of religion in a society. New social and economic circumstances facing the church, such as the growth of church property and lack of public income have placed the issue of tax exemption of church property into the centre of interest in many countries. The European Union does not call into the question the status of the church in member states based on national law. However, while discussions on the role of religion and religious congregations in modern European society continue, it seems that the Union is drawing a clear line of admissibility regarding tax exemption. Regardless of national reasons and specific features, a new legal framework on tax exemption on property of religious congregations is being established, subsuming the question of exemption under the EU rules on state subsidies and inquiring into the nature of activities of religious congregations. In this way, tax reliefs are being abolished or considerably revised in spite of their ancient foundations and special relations

UPOTREBA ICT-A U OSNOVNIM ŠKOLAMA - ANALIZA DIGITALNE PODJELE U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

ICT has changed the way we live, work, learn and communicate. However, the recent uneven expansion of technology use has led to the emergence of differences between countries, regions, groups of people and individuals. In addition, another difference known as the digital divide resurfaced. In this paper the authors have outlined the results of their research, which took place in April and June of 2011 among 4 th grade pupils. The aim of the research was to determine whether the digital divide among 4th grade primary school pupils in certain rural and urban regions exists. Our sample consisted of 286 pupils in 9 primary schools. Four primary schools have been taken as representatives of the urban regions (the town of Zagreb) and 5 of the rural (the region of Nova Gradiška).The results show that the digital divide does not manifest itself when compared against the access of infrastructure. However, the results imply that a digital divide might exist between the pupils of these two regions with regard to the knowledge of technology use, but also to the opportunity of buying new technologies.U posljednje vrijeme dolazi do neujednačenog širenja i upotrebe suvremenih tehnologija, što dovodi do sve većih razlika između različitih zemalja, njihovih regija, grupa ljudi i pojedinaca. Pojavila se još jedna nejednakost koja se naziva digitalnom podjelom. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati istraživanja digitalne podjele učenika 4. razreda koje je provedeno u republici hrvatskoj u travnju i svibnju 2011. godine. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi prisutnost digitalne podjele kod učenika 4. Razreda osnovnih škola u jednoj urbanoj i ruralnoj sredini Republike Hrvatske. Ukupno je ispitano 286 učenika u 9 osnovnih škola. 4 osnovne škole predstavljale su urbanu sredinu (grad Zagreb), a 5 ruralnu (okolicu Nove Gradiške). Rezultati su pokazali kako se digitalna podjela kod učenika 4. Razreda ne očituje s obzirom na pristup infrastrukturi. No rezultati su uputili i na postojanje digitalne podjele između učenika ove dvije sredine s obzirom na poznavanje upotrebe tehnologija, ali i s obzirom na mogućnost kupovine novih tehnologija

Chemical composition, antioxidant and alpha-Glucosidase-Inhibiting activities of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Vaccinium myrtillus Leaves

Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) leaf is traditionally used in southeastern Europe for the treatment of diabetes. In the present study, the ability of bilberry leaf extracts to inhibit carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes and restore glutathione concentration in Hep G2 cells subjected to glucose-induced oxidative stress was investigated. A comprehensive analysis of the antioxidant activity of two bilberry leaf extracts was performed. The aqueous extract showed excellent total antioxidant and chelating activity. Its antioxidant activity in the beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay was very good, reaching the activity of the antioxidant standard BHA (93.4 +/- 2.3% vs. 95.1 +/- 2.4%, respectively). The hydroethanolic extract (ethanol/H2O, 8:2, v/v), on the other hand, was a better radical scavenger and Fe2+ reducing agent. Furthermore, the aqueous extract was able to efficiently increase glutathione concentration in Hep G2 cells subjected to glucose-induced oxidative stress and restore it to the levels observed in non-hyperglycaemic cells. The hydroethanolic extract strongly inhibited alpha-glucosidase, with the IC50 statistically equal to the antidiabetic drug acarbose (0.29 +/- 0.02 mg/mL vs. 0.50 +/- 0.01 mg/mL, respectively). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of quercetin and kaemferol derivatives, as well as chlorogenic and p-coumaric acid. The study results indicate that V. myrtillus leaf may have promising properties as a supporting therapy for diabetes.University of Zagrebinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Zlostavljanje i zanemarivanje u djetinjstvu, privrženost i razvoj mozga

Dojenačko razdoblje i razdoblje ranog djetinjstva kritična su razvojna razdoblja za razvoj neuroloških osnova različitih aspekata funkcioniranja (psiholoških, afektivnih i relacijskih). Integracija nalaza o zlostavljanju i zanemarivanju u djetinjstvu, privrženosti i razvoju mozga pridonijeli su boljem razumijevanju njihove interakcije, te važnosti razumijevanja interakcije između značajnijih ranih odnosa i njihovog utjecaja na razvoj mozga. Ovaj rad daje pregled dosadašnjih spoznaja iz ovoga područja i implikacije za buduća istraživanja

Zlostavljanje i zanemarivanje u djetinjstvu, privrženost i razvoj mozga

Dojenačko razdoblje i razdoblje ranog djetinjstva kritična su razvojna razdoblja za razvoj neuroloških osnova različitih aspekata funkcioniranja (psiholoških, afektivnih i relacijskih). Integracija nalaza o zlostavljanju i zanemarivanju u djetinjstvu, privrženosti i razvoju mozga pridonijeli su boljem razumijevanju njihove interakcije, te važnosti razumijevanja interakcije između značajnijih ranih odnosa i njihovog utjecaja na razvoj mozga. Ovaj rad daje pregled dosadašnjih spoznaja iz ovoga područja i implikacije za buduća istraživanja

Razvoj i validacija HSS-GC-FID metode za određivanje sadržaja lakohlapljivih sastavnica sirupa za iskašljavanje za djecu

A cough syrup is a medicinal product used in an attempt to treat coughing and related conditions. Traditional herbs are used for preparation of cough syrup. There are two main categories of herbs that are used in preparation of cough remedies: expectorants and antitussives. For productive coughs, treatment with expectorants may be attempted to loosen mucus from the respiratory tract. For dry coughs antitussives are used to suppress the body’s urge to cough. Herbal medicinal products may contain significant levels of ethanol arising from its use as an extraction solvent in liquid extracts and tinctures. Although the use of ethanol is necessary for extraction of pharmacologically active compounds, it was found that some herbal medicinal products contain large amounts (up to 60 %) of ethanol with even less clinical need or benefit. In young children ingestion of even modest amounts of ethanol may lead to permanent neurological damage as result of hypoglycemia. Therefore, special attention should be given to the ethanol content of herbal medicinal products for pediatric use. At the moment the safety evaluation of the ethanol content of herbal medicinal products for pediatric use is not harmonized between different European Union Member States. Moreover, the lack of guidelines relating to safe limits of ethanol as part of herbal medicinal products for pediatric use has also led to different national labeling practices. Therefore, the aim of our work was to develop and validate a new HSS-GC-FID method for quantification of ethanol and its main impurity, methanol, present in children’s cough syrup

Utjecaj pripreme za porođaj na duljinu dojenja Influence of preparation for the childbirth to the length of breastfeeding

Cilj: Cilj je rada ispitati utjecaj pripreme za porođaj na duljinu dojenja odnosno utjecaj vanjskih čimbenika na odluku majke o duljini dojenja. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje je uključeno 30 ispitanica. Za svrhe istraživanja napravljen je originalni anketni upitnik. Istraživanje je provedeno na Klinici za ginekologiju i porodništvo Kliničke bolnice „Sveti Duh“. Rezultati su prikazani deskriptivnim statističkim metodama. Rezultati: Najveći broj ispitanica pripada dobnoj skupini od 26 do 32 godine starosti [50,0%]. U odnosu na stupanj obrazovanja 50% ispitanica ima srednju stručnu spremu. Nadalje, 50% ispitanica su višerodilje. U bračnoj je zajednici 90,0% ispitanica, a 70.0% ispitanica pohađalo je tečaj za trudnice. Većina ispitanica [83,3%] rodila je prirodnim putem, u bolnici koja je Prijatelj djece (93,33%). Od ukupnog broja 96,7% ispitanica navodi da doji ili je dojilo svoje dijete. 70% ispitanica navodi da je odluku o dojenju donijelo za vrijeme trudnoće, a njih 30% istu je odluku donijelo poslije porođaja. Od ukupnog broja 36,7% ispitanica navodi kako su potrebne informacije o potrebama dojenja dobile od djelatnika klinike. U 23,3% ispitanice navode kao glavni izvor informiranja uporabu interneta, u 16,7% slučajeva to je pedijatar, a u 13,3% patronažna medicinska sestra. 50% ispitanica smatra da su djelatnici zaposleni u rodilištu najtočniji i najpouzdaniji izvor informacija, do 16,7% smatra da je to pedijatar, a 13,3% da je to medicinska sestra. Rasprava: Ispitanice su u visokom postotku [70%] pohađale tečajeve za trudnice, a također u istom postotku odluku o dojenju donijele su za vrijeme trudnoće, prije odlaska u rodilište. Razni izvori podrške i/ili informiranja o dojenju međusobno koreliraju, što upućuje na činjenicu da ispitanice traže informacije ili potporu, istodobno iz više izvora, kako bi provjerile postojeće znanje ili ga dopunile novim saznanjima. Zaključuje se kako dobra i kvalitetna priprema za porođaj ima velik utjecaj na uporabu i duljinu trajanja dojenja