Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Multimedia Interaktif Terintegrasi Dengan Lks Pokok Bahasan Hukum Newton Tentang Gerak Kelas X Sma/ma

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengembangkan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis multimedia interaktif dengan menggunakan software adobe flash dan XML pada pokok bahasan Hukum Newton tentang gerak; (2) mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis multimedia interaktif menggunakan software adobe flash dan XML pada pokok bahasan Hukum Newton tentang gerak yang dikembangkan; (3) mengetahui pencapaian hasil belajar siswa setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran menggunakan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis multimedia interaktif terintegrasi dengan lembar kerja siswa hasil pengembangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) yang mengacu pada model yang dikemukakan oleh Sugiyono. Kelayakan media divalidasi oleh ahli materi, ahli media dan praktisi. Subjek Ujicoba penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA N 3 Sukoharjo tahun akademik 2013/2014 sebanyak 43 siswa dengan rincian 10 siswa sebagai subjek ujicoba produk dan 33 siswa sebagai subjek ujicoba pemakaian. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data disimpulkan: (1) media pembelajaran fisika berbasis multimedia interaktif terintegrasi dengan lembar kerja siswa berhasil dikembangkan dengan menggunakan Software Adobe Flash dan XML dengan hasil produk dikemas dalam keping CD yang didalamnya berisi software utama media dan beberapa file pendukung dari media tersebut. Media disajikan dengan dua pembagian materi yaitu materi pembelajaran dan materi penjelasan yang diproteksi serta berisi bank soal yang dapat diupdate. Media pembelajaran dikembangkan dengan mengacu pada langkah yang diberikan oleh Sugiyono dan telah tervalidasi; (2) media pembelajaran fisika berbasis multimedia interaktif terintegrasi dengan lembar kerja siswa yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dengan kategori baik; (3) pencapaian hasil belajar peserta didik setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran menggunakan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis multimedia interaktif terintegrasi dengan lembar kerja siswa mengalami peningkatan pada aspek pengetahuan

The “Fat but Fit” Paradigm and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Cluster Analysis

The fat but fit paradox has suggested that obese individuals with good fitness levels have lower cardiometabolic risk compared to individuals with normal weight but lower fitness levels. This paradigm has not been explored in the context of bone health. The aim of this study was to test whether categories of fat but fit paradigm assessed by body fat percentage and handgrip strength holds up in young adults and to analyze the relationship between fat but fit categories and bone outcomes. Cluster cross-sectional analyses of data from 499 young adults aged 18 to 30 from Toledo and Cuenca, Spain were conducted. Body fat percentage, handgrip strength, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and dietary nutrients such as, proteins, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamin D were assessed. Cluster analysis of body fat percentage and handgrip z scores resulted in a classification of four clusters that could be interpreted according to Fat Unfit (FU), Unfat Unfit (UU), Fat Fit (FF) and Unfat Fit (UF) categories. ANCOVA models showed that young adults in clusters with higher handgrip strength levels (FF, UF) and with higher key bone nutrients levels (UF) had significantly higher total BMC values than their peers in the UU and FU cluster categories, after controlling for sex, age and height. This study provides two novel conclusions in relation to the fat but fit paradigm: first, it confirms the construct of the four clusters of body fat percentage and handgrip strength, and second, it reinforces the predictive validity of the fat but fit paradigm categories, indicating the positive effect, although it may not just be a causal relationship, of muscular strength and key bone nutrients on counteracting the negative effect of obesity on bone health.European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)]University of Castilla-La Mancha: S.R.-G. (2020-PREDUCLM-15596) and S.N.d.A.-A. (2020-PREDUCLM-16704

Desarrollo óseo y actividad física: papel mediador de la masa magra, masa grasa y condición física

La osteoporosis es el trastorno clínico que más comúnmente afecta al metabolismo óseo. Se caracteriza por unos niveles bajos de baja masa ósea y un deterioro de la arquitectura del tejido óseo que traen como consecuencia un incremento de la fragilidad ósea y un incremento del riesgo de fracturas. Aunque la osteoporosis se asocia a la edad avanzada, un desarrollo óseo apropiado desde edades tempranas ayuda a prevenir esta patología. De hecho, incrementos en la consistencia ósea durante la infancia podrían reducir significativamente el riesgo de fracturas en edad adulta. La fuerza muscular y la actividad física se han relacionado con la salud ósea en la población pediátrica; por otro lado, también se ha descrito la asociación de la masa magra, la masa grasa y la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria con la masa ósea en niños y adolescentes. Sin embargo, hasta el momento, el papel mediador de estas variables en la relación entre la actividad física o la fuerza muscular y la masa ósea no se ha estudiado. La presente Tesis Doctoral tiene como objetivo conocer el papel mediador de la masa magra en la relación entre la fuerza muscular y la salud ósea y, por otro lado, examinar el papel mediador tanto de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria como de la masa grasa en la relación entre la actividad física y la masa ósea en los niños. Esta Tesis Doctoral incluye dos artículos originales para dar respuesta a los objetivos arriba señalados. Los datos de ambos artículos proceden de las mediciones basales de un estudio aleatorizado por clusters, MOVI-2 (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01277224), que tenía como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de un programa de actividad física para la prevención del exceso de peso en escolares. En este estudio se incluyeron niños procedentes de 20 colegios de educación primaria de la provincia de Cuenca (España) durante el curso académico 2010-2011, y fue diseñado por el Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios (CESS) de la Universidad de Castilla La Mancha (UCLM) y financiado por la Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria en Castilla-La Mancha (FISCAM) (Ref. AN/2008/31) y el Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Investigación en Actividades Preventivas y de Promoción de Salud (Ref.- RD06/0018/0038) y por el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (RYC - 2010-05957)

Assessment of functional respiratory complaints and related factors in people with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: Cross-sectional study.

Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) is the most common type of EDS. Apart from joint symptoms, people with hEDS have systemic manifestations as a chronic modification of the breathing pattern (functional respiratory complaints (FRCs)) and mental disorders. However, the prevalence of FRCs, and its relationship with mental disorders, have not yet been estimated for this population. To assess the FRCs, central sensitization, disease perception, depression, and anxiety in people with hEDS from Belgium; and to identify the clustering of FRCs and determine any association with the characteristics assessed for this sample. This cross-sectional study assessed socio-demographic characteristics, Nijmegen questionnaire (NQ), Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in people with hEDS from Belgium. A two-step cluster analysis was performed to identify clusters according to NQ, and to understand how the other questionnaires are grouped among these clusters. The Spearman correlation coefficients showed that all the outcomes were significantly and positively correlated with each other (p<0.05). Furthermore, 84.9% of the sample had symptoms suggestive of FRCs, and 54.3% had probable anxiety. Three clusters were grouped (no FRCs, mild FRCs, and severe FRCs), with NQ, HADS-D and CSI-part A being the variables that contributed the most. People from cluster of severe FRCs got the worst scores for all the questionnaires. FRCs, central sensitization, depression, and anxiety are prevalent comorbidities in people with hEDS. Moreover, those people with FRCs had worse results in the investigated parameters, with depression being the variable that contributed the most to the clusters of FRCs. Consequently, investigating mechanisms for these co-occurring symptom profiles may improve our understanding of pathogenesis and indicate new management strategies to alleviate these symptoms and lead to the development of more effective care for persons with hEDS

Multimodality respiratory physiotherapy reduces mortality but may not prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia or reduce length of stay in the intensive care unit: a systematic review

Question: In intubated adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation, does multimodality respiratory physiotherapy prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, shorten length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and reduce mortality? Design: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Participants: Intubated adult patients undergoing mechanical ventilation who were admitted to an intensive care unit. Intervention: More than two respiratory physiotherapy techniques such as positioning or postural drainage, manual hyperinflation, vibration, rib springing, and suctioning. Outcomes measures: Incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), duration of ICU stay, and mortality. Results: Five trials were included in the meta-analysis. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) for length of ICU stay and pooled risk ratio (RR) for incidence of VAP, and fixed-effects model was used to calculate pooled RR for mortality. The effect on the incidence of VAP was unclear (RR 0.73 in favour of multimodality respiratory physiotherapy, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.07). The effect on length of stay was also unclear (WMD –0.33 days shorter with multimodality respiratory physiotherapy, 95% CI –2.31 to 1.66). However, multimodality respiratory physiotherapy significantly reduced mortality (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.92). Conclusion: Multimodality respiratory physiotherapy appeared to reduce mortality in ICU patients. It was unclear whether this occurred via a reduction in the incidence of VAP and/or length of stay because the available data provided very imprecise estimates of the effect of multimodality respiratory physiotherapy on these outcomes. These very imprecise estimates include the possibility of very worthwhile effects on VAP incidence and length of ICU stay; therefore, these outcomes should be the focus of further investigation in rigorous trials. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018094202. [Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Torres-Costoso A, Alvarez-Bueno C, Cavero-Redondo I, López Muñoz P, Martínez-Vizcaíno V (2018) Multimodality respiratory physiotherapy reduces mortality but may not prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia or reduce length of stay in the intensive care unit: a systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy 64: 222–228] Key words: Respiratory physical therapy, Meta-analysis, Mortality, Prevention, Ventilator-associated pneumoni

Low‐ and moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise acutely reduce blood pressure in adults with high‐normal/grade I hypertension

The aim of the study is to compare the acute effects of low‐ and moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise on post‐exercise blood pressure in active adults with high‐normal/grade I hypertension. Thirteen physically active adults (67.0 ± 8.7 years) randomly completed two aerobic exercise sessions of 30 minutes at low (30% heart rate reserve [HRres]) and moderate (60% HRres) intensity. Blood pressure was assessed pre‐session and every hour until 3 hours after. Systolic blood pressure decreased after both exercise intensities without significant differences between sessions at 1 hour after the session (30%: −10.0 ± 12.6% vs 60%: −11.4 ± 12.7 mm Hg, P > .05). Three hours after the 60% session, the systolic blood pressure remained significantly lower than baseline (139.9 ± 12.9 to 129.3 ± 11.9 mm Hg, P < .05), but without significant differences between sessions. No relevant changes were observed in diastolic and mean blood pressure. In conclusion, a single session of aerobic exercise acutely reduces systolic blood pressure in active adults with high‐normal/grade I hypertension.iBiMED is a research unit supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UID/BIM/04501/2020) and FEDER/Compete2020 funds. CIDESD is a research unit supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology within the project (UID/DTP/ 04045/ 2020)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The "Fat but Fit" Paradigm and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Cluster Analysis.

The fat but fit paradox has suggested that obese individuals with good fitness levels have lower cardiometabolic risk compared to individuals with normal weight but lower fitness levels. This paradigm has not been explored in the context of bone health. The aim of this study was to test whether categories of fat but fit paradigm assessed by body fat percentage and handgrip strength holds up in young adults and to analyze the relationship between fat but fit categories and bone outcomes. Cluster cross-sectional analyses of data from 499 young adults aged 18 to 30 from Toledo and Cuenca, Spain were conducted. Body fat percentage, handgrip strength, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and dietary nutrients such as, proteins, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamin D were assessed. Cluster analysis of body fat percentage and handgrip z scores resulted in a classification of four clusters that could be interpreted according to Fat Unfit (FU), Unfat Unfit (UU), Fat Fit (FF) and Unfat Fit (UF) categories. ANCOVA models showed that young adults in clusters with higher handgrip strength levels (FF, UF) and with higher key bone nutrients levels (UF) had significantly higher total BMC values than their peers in the UU and FU cluster categories, after controlling for sex, age and height. This study provides two novel conclusions in relation to the fat but fit paradigm: first, it confirms the construct of the four clusters of body fat percentage and handgrip strength, and second, it reinforces the predictive validity of the fat but fit paradigm categories, indicating the positive effect, although it may not just be a causal relationship, of muscular strength and key bone nutrients on counteracting the negative effect of obesity on bone health

The “Fat but Fit” Paradigm and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Cluster Analysis

The fat but fit paradox has suggested that obese individuals with good fitness levels have lower cardiometabolic risk compared to individuals with normal weight but lower fitness levels. This paradigm has not been explored in the context of bone health. The aim of this study was to test whether categories of fat but fit paradigm assessed by body fat percentage and handgrip strength holds up in young adults and to analyze the relationship between fat but fit categories and bone outcomes. Cluster cross-sectional analyses of data from 499 young adults aged 18 to 30 from Toledo and Cuenca, Spain were conducted. Body fat percentage, handgrip strength, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and dietary nutrients such as, proteins, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamin D were assessed. Cluster analysis of body fat percentage and handgrip z scores resulted in a classification of four clusters that could be interpreted according to Fat Unfit (FU), Unfat Unfit (UU), Fat Fit (FF) and Unfat Fit (UF) categories. ANCOVA models showed that young adults in clusters with higher handgrip strength levels (FF, UF) and with higher key bone nutrients levels (UF) had significantly higher total BMC values than their peers in the UU and FU cluster categories, after controlling for sex, age and height. This study provides two novel conclusions in relation to the fat but fit paradigm: first, it confirms the construct of the four clusters of body fat percentage and handgrip strength, and second, it reinforces the predictive validity of the fat but fit paradigm categories, indicating the positive effect, although it may not just be a causal relationship, of muscular strength and key bone nutrients on counteracting the negative effect of obesity on bone health

Physical Activity and Bone Health in Schoolchildren: The Mediating Role of Fitness and Body Fat

<div><p>Background</p><p>The relationship between physical activity (PA) and bone health is well known, although the role of percent body fat (%BF) and fitness as confounders or mediators in this relationship remains uncertain.</p><p>Objective</p><p>To examine whether the association between PA and bone mineral content (BMC) is mediated by %BF and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).</p><p>Methods</p><p>In this cross sectional study, BMC, total %BF (by DXA), vigorous PA (VPA), CRF, age and height were measured in 132 schoolchildren (62 boys, aged 8–11 years). ANCOVA was used to test differences in BMC by %BF, CRF and VPA, controlling for different sets of confounders. Simple mediation analyses and serial multiple mediation analyses were fitted to examine whether the relationship between PA and BMC is mediated by %BF and fitness.</p><p>Results</p><p>Children with high %BF had higher total body BMC than their peers after controlling for all sets of confounders. Children with good CRF or VPA had significantly less total body BMC after controlling for age and sex but in children with good CRF this inverse relation disappeared after adjusting by %BF. %BF and CRF both act as a full mediator in the association between VPA and BMC, after inclusion of the potential confounders in the models.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Fitness and %BF seem to have a mediator role on the relationship between physical activity and bone mass.</p></div