Em busca das mulheres na construção, ocupação e vivência do espaço no convento de Santa Mónica de Goa (sécs. XVII-XVIII)

UID/HIS/04666/2019O nosso objectivo passa principalmente por perceber a existência, ou a não existência, de expressões de género – e por expressões de género entendemos não apenas de resistência, mas também de aceitação – a condicionarem as escolhas e vivências arquitectónicas no Convento de Santa Mónica de Goa. Pretendemos perceber se os textos de Frei Diogo de Santa Ana e Frei Agostinho de Santa Maria dão sinal de ter havido alguma voz feminina activa na escolha dos elementos arquitectónicos que compõem o convento, se essas fontes deixam perceber algum tipo de tensão entre as mulheres e o espaço em que habitam, ou se há algum indício de haver vontades femininas no sentido de promover qualquer alteração das normas vigentes. No que diz respeito à vivência do espaço, as fontes revelam-nos um “rebanho de cândidas cordeiras”, como Santa Maria as adjectivou, ou mulheres capazes de agenciar as suas próprias vivências e de construír o espaço em que habitavam?publishersversionpublishe

Educação, aprendizagem e resistência no convento de Santa Mónica de Goa

UID/HIS/04666/2019Partindo da premissa de que “os conventos parecem ter sido, desde a Idade Média, fontes de criatividade feminina e de produção intelectual” (Evangelisti, 2007), e tendo sido atestado que em clausura ou não, estas mulheres tinham a capacidade de se engajar na escrita, na leitura, nas artes visuais e musicais, é intenção da nossa comunicação demonstrar e analisar a existência de traços de educação e aprendizagem das freiras de Santa Mónica de Goa, bem como de momentos de resiliência e/ou conflito associadas a estas actividades e capacidades das freiras agostinhas. Pretendemos entrar neste universo do primeiro convento feminino a ser fundado no império português através das Regras do Noviciado do Convento de Santa Mónica, que nos permitem compreender os objetivos que as tutelas masculinas tinham para a educação das freiras e noviças goesas, e da obra de Frei Agostinho de Santa Maria (1699), que contando as vidas de diversas freiras nos dá perceção, muitas vezes de forma indireta, da existência de mulheres cultas e dotadas no Convento de Santa Mónica e de momentos de tensão em torno destas questões. Para levantar o leque de questões e para sugerir propostas de interpretação e análise das mesmas, quando aplicadas ao convento de freiras agostinhas em Goa, recorreremos ao método comparativo com estudos análogos produzidos sobre outros conventos em contexto colonial.publishersversionpublishe

O Conselho da Índia e o seu papel no provimento das principais fortalezas do Índico (1604-1614)

Esta dissertação pretende, num primeiro plano, inserir o Conselho da Índia no complexo polissinodal português e compreender este organismo no âmbito da conjuntura ibérica e do império português. Criado no reinado de Filipe III de Espanha com o intuito de promover um aconselhamento que garantisse o bom governo do espaço ultramarino português, o Conselho da Índia funcionou durante dez anos (1604-1614), durante os quais se ocupou de todos os assuntos que diziam respeito aos espaços portugueses do Atlântico e do Oriente. Para o compreender, é necessário compreender a conjuntura em que foi criado, mas também quem o compôs e como foi pensado e recebido tanto por parte das autoridades castelhanas como dos organismos de administração pré-existentes em Portugal. Num segundo plano, mais direccionado para a vertente da história da Expansão portuguesa, revela-se a importância de estudar o fenómeno da nomeação dos capitães da Índia e de o compreender quando comparado com conjunturas anteriores, e fases diferentes do império português. Através do estudo do grupo de homens que durante os seus dez anos de funcionamento o Conselho da Índia escolheu para capitanearem as fortalezas de Goa, Diu, Ormuz, Malaca e Baçaim podemos perceber a vertente social deste império, bem como encontrar pontos em que esta se alterou, ou não, com o passar dos anos, e relacionar estas rupturas e/ou continuidades com as conjunturas vividas.This dissertation intends, in the foreground, enter the Council of India in the portuguese polissinodal complex and understand this organism within the Iberian and the portuguese empire context. Created during the reign of Philip III of Spain in order to promote counseling to guarantee the good government of the portuguese overseas area, the Council of India worked for ten years (1604-1614), during which engaged in all matters that it concerned with the portuguese spaces of the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. To understand that Counsil, we must understand the environment in which it was created, who composed it and how it was conceived and received both by the Castilian authorities as pre-existing administrative bodies in Portugal. In one second place, more focused on the aspect of the history of portuguese expansion, this thesis reveals the importance of studying the phenomenon of naming captains to the Indian fortresses and understanding that when compared with previous situations, and different stages of the portuguese empire. By studying the group of men during his ten years of operation the Council of India chose to command the fortresses of Goa, Diu, Hormuz, Malacca and Bassein we can see the social aspect of this empire, and find points on which it is changed, or not, over the years, and relate these disruptions and / or continuities with the lived circumstances

Inflammatory myopathies in childhood: correlation between nailfold capillaroscopy findings and clinical and laboratory data

OBJECTIVE: Nailfold capillaroscopy is an important tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with rheumatic diseases, in particular dermatomyositis and scleroderma. A relationship has been observed in adults between improved capillaroscopic findings and reduced disease activity. Our aim was to correlate disease activity (clinical and laboratory data) and nailfold capillaroscopy findings in 18 patients with inflammatory myopathies. METHODS: This prospective study included 13 juvenile dermatomyositis patients (Bohan and Peter criteria) (mean age of 8.8 years) and five patients with overlap syndrome (mean age of 15.7 years). We evaluated disease activity (skin abnormalities and muscle weakness, muscle enzymes and acute phase reactants) and its correlation with nailfold capillaroscopy findings (dilatation of isolated loops, dropout of surrounding vessels and giant capillary loops). We used a microscope with special light and magnification of 10 to 16X. RESULTS: Eighteen patients underwent a total of 26 capillaroscopic examinations, seven of them on two or more occasions (13 were performed during the active disease phase and 13 during remission). Twelve of the 13 examinations performed during the active phase exhibited scleroderma pattern and 8 of the 13 examinations performed during remission were normal. Therefore, in 20 of the 26 examinations clinical and laboratory data and nailfold capillaroscopy findings correlated (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Nailfold capillaroscopy is a non-invasive examination that offers satisfactory correlation with disease activity and could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of inflammatory myopathies.OBJETIVO: Nas doenças reumáticas, principalmente dermatomiosite e esclerodermia, a capilaroscopia periungueal é importante auxílio no diagnóstico e no seguimento dos pacientes. Em adultos, é descrita a relação entre a melhora das alterações capilaroscópicas e a melhora da atividade da doença. O nosso objetivo foi avaliar 13 pacientes com miopatias inflamatórias e correlacionar atividades clínica e laboratorial com as alterações da capilaroscopia periungueal. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 13 pacientes com dermatomiosite juvenil (critérios de Bohan e Peter) (média de idade de 8,8 anos) e cinco pacientes com síndrome de sobreposição (média de idade de 15,7 anos). Foram avaliadas as atividades clínicas (alterações cutâneas típicas e fraqueza muscular) e laboratoriais (aumento de enzimas musculares e provas inflamatórias) da doença e sua relação com as alterações da capilaroscopia periungueal (presença de ectasias capilares, megacapilares e áreas de deleção). Para a realização da capilaroscopia, foi utilizado um microscópio com iluminação especial com aumentos de 10 a 16 vezes. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 18 pacientes, sete deles em duas ou mais ocasiões, no total de 26 exames capilaroscópicos (13 realizados na fase ativa da doença e 13 na fase inativa). Dos 13 exames durante a fase ativa, 12 apresentavam padrão esclerodérmico; dos 13 realizados na fase inativa, oito não apresentavam alterações de capilaroscopia ou apresentavam melhora importante dos achados. Portanto, em 20 dos 26 exames houve correlação entre atividades clínica e laboratorial e achados capilaroscópicos (p = 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Em resumo, a capilaroscopia periungueal é um exame não-invasivo que apresenta boa correlação com a atividade da doença e pode ser utilizada para auxiliar no diagnóstico, no seguimento e, principalmente, nas reagudizações da doença.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESP Departamento de PediatriaUNIFESP Departamento de MedicinaUNIFESP Departamento de Pediatria Disciplina de Alergia, Imunologia Clínica e ReumatologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de PediatriaUNIFESP, Depto. de MedicinaUNIFESP, Depto. de Pediatria Disciplina de Alergia, Imunologia Clínica e ReumatologiaSciEL

PROFILE OF TYPE 2 DIABETICS INSULIN-APPLICANTS FOLLOWED IN A MULTI HEALTH CENTER, SALVADOR, BAHIA, BRAZIL

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipo 2 insulino-requerentes acompanhados por equipe multidisciplinar em um Multicentro de Saúde em Salvador-BA, Brasil. Método: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, descritivo de pacientes atendidos em um Multicentro de Saúde no período de outubro/2017 a outubro/2019. As variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas foram coletadas de prontuários e expressas em frequências absolutas e relativas, média e desvio padrão (DP), além de mediana e intervalo interquartílico (IIQ). Resultados: Foram avaliados 163 pacientes com média (DP) de idade de 61,2 (± 10,6) anos, com predomínio entre 51 e 60 anos (39,3%), sendo 66,3% do sexo feminino. A mediana de tempo de diagnóstico foi de 10 (3) anos e 78,8% usavam insulina há menos de 5 anos. Metade dos pacientes aceitava sua condição de diabético, 53,2% não corrigiam adequadamente os episódios hipoglicêmicos, 68,1% possuíam hemoglobina glicada acima das metas estipuladas pela Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes e 59,9% tinham microalbuminúria. Além disso, 96,3% não praticavam exercícios físicos, 2,5% possuíam perfil alimentar apropriado, 71,0% tinham diagnóstico de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, e 70,8% possuíam o valor da fração de colesterol Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) acima da meta estabelecida pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Conclusão: Nesta amostra de pacientes diabéticos insulino-requerentes, a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino, apresentava outras comorbidades associadas ao DM, baixa adesão às medidas higienodietéticas, elevação da hemoglobina glicada e indícios de nefropatia diabética.Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with insulin-inuming Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus followed by a multidisciplinary team in a Multicenter Health Unit in Salvador-BA, Brazil. Method: Epidemiological, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study with patients treated in the Multicenter Health Unit from October/2017 to October/2019. The clinical and sociodemographic variables were collected from medical records and expressed in absolute and relative frequencies, mean and standard deviation (SD), in addition to median and interquartile range (IR). Results: We evaluated 163 patients with mean (SD) of age of 61.2 (± 10.6) years, with a predominance between 51 and 60 years (39.3%), 66.3% of which were female.The median time of diagnosis was 10 (3) years and 78.8% had been using insulin for less than 5 years. Half of the patients accepted their diabetic condition, 53.2% did not adequately correct hypoglycemic episodes, 68.1% glycated hemoglobin above the targets set by the Brazilian Diabetes Society and 59.9% had microalbuminuria. In addition, 96.3% did not exercise, 2.5% had an appropriate food profile, 71.0% were diagnosed with Systemic Arterial Hypertension, and 70.8% did not have the cholesterol fraction Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) value in the goal established by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. Conclusion: In this sample of insulin-applicant diabetic patients, most patients were female, had other comorbidities associated with DM, low adhering to hygienic dietary measures, elevation of glycated hemoglobin and signs of diabetic nephropathy

Reproductive health aspects in men with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: a multicenter study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate reproductive health of males with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), and comparing them with a control group. METHODS: Demographic data, urologic evaluation (including pubertal parameters and sexual/erectile function), testicular ultrasound, hormone profile, semen analysis, clinical features, and treatment of 25 IIM patients were evaluated. The control group was composed of 25 healthy males. RESULTS: Median age of IIM patients was similar to that of the control group (24 versus 27 years, P = 0.566). The frequency of sexual activity, number of partners with spontaneous pregnancies after the onset of the disease, and use of condom were significantly lower in IIM patients than in the control group (60% versus 96%, P = 0.004; 16% versus 60%, P = 0.0031; 40% versus 76%, P = 0.021, respectively). Moreover, the frequency of testicular atrophy (28% versus 4%, P = 0.049), elevated levels of FSH and/or LH (25% versus 0%, P = 0.05), and sperm abnormalities (40% versus 0%, P = 0.0006) were statistically higher in IIM patients than in the control group. Median age of onset of IIM and current age were significantly higher in IIM patients with sexual/erectile dysfunction than in patients without this dysfunction (41 versus 12.5 years, P = 0.014; 46 versus 21 years, P = 0.027, respectively). On the other hand, differences in the age of spermarche, parameters of gonadal function, disease activity, muscle enzymes, and treatment were not observed between IIM patients with or without sexual/erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to identify changes in reproductive health and gonadal dysfunction in male IIM patients. Rheumatologists should discuss sexual problems with their patients, counseling them on contraceptive methods.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a saúde reprodutiva de homens com miopatia inflamatória idiopática (MII) e compará-la com controles saudáveis. MÉTODOS: Vinte e cinco pacientes com MII (dermatomiosite ou polimiosite) foram avaliados com relação aos dados demográficos, exame urológico (incluindo parâmetros pubertários e função sexual/erétil), ultrassonografia testicular, perfil hormonal, análise seminal, características clínicas e tratamento. O grupo controle incluiu 25 homens saudáveis. RESULTADOS: A mediana da idade atual foi similar nos pacientes com MII e controles (24 versus 27 anos, P = 0,566). As frequências de atividade sexual, número de parceiras com gestações espontâneas após início da doença e uso de preservativo masculino foram significativamente menores nos pacientes com MII versus controles (60% versus 96%, P = 0,004; 16% versus 60%, P = 0,0031; 40% versus 76%, P = 0,021; respectivamente). Além disso, as frequências de atrofia testicular (28% versus 4%, P = 0,049), níveis elevados de FSH e/ou LH (25% versus 0%, P = 0,05) e alterações dos espermatozoides (40% versus 0%, P = 0,0006) foram estatisticamente maiores nos pacientes com MII quando comparados aos controles. As medianas das idades de início da doença e atual foram estatisticamente maiores nos pacientes com MII que apresentaram disfunção sexual/erétil versus sem disfunção (41 versus 12,5 anos, P = 0,014; 46 versus 21 anos, P = 0,027; respectivamente). Entretanto, comparando-se, pacientes com disfunção sexual/erétil e sem disfunção, nenhuma diferença foi evidenciada em relação à idade da espermarca, parâmetros de função gonadal, atividade da doença, enzimas musculares e tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: Este foi o primeiro estudo que identificou alterações da saúde reprodutiva e disfunção gonadal em homens com MII. Reumatologistas devem discutir problemas sexuais e orientar contracepção aos seus pacientes.FMUSP Departamento de PediatriaFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo Hospital das Clínicas Instituto da CriançaUniversidade Federal do Pará Departamento de PediatriaFMUSP HC ICrFMUSP HCUNIFESP Departamento de PediatriaUNIFESP Setor de Reumatologia PediátricaSanta Casa de São Paulo Setor de Reumatologia PediátricaFMUSP HC Departamento de RadiologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de PediatriaUNIFESP, Setor de Reumatologia PediátricaSciEL

Hiperhomocisteinemia em crianças e adolescentes com Lúpus Eritematoso Sistémico: avaliação evolutiva

Introduction: One of the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the hyperhomocysteinemia. Our aim was to follow patients with juvenile SLE and to identify the presence and the persistence of hyperhomocysteinemia.Methods: We studied 18 patients with juvenile SLE (median age 13.5 y). A survey of demographic and clinic data was performed based on patients records. The plasma homocysteine concentration was performed twice with a median interval of 1.5 years (1.3-2.5), and association with nutritional status, disease activity, renal involvement and use of methotrexate was sought. The plasma homocysteine concentration was also evaluated in 59 healthy controls, sex and age-matched to the patients.Results: Of the 18 patients with juvenile SLE, 16 (88.9%) were female and 13 (72.2%) had renal involvement. Five out of 18 patients (27.8%) persisted with increased concentration of plasma homocysteine (above the 90(th) percentile of the healthy group). The elevated concentration of homocysteine did not show statistically significant association neither with renal involvement (in the first dosage, p=0.676 and in the second, p=0.500), disease activity (in the first dosage, p=0.630 and in the second, p=0.182), overweight/obesity (in the first dosage, p=0.485 and in the second, p=0.288) nor with short stature (in the first dosage, p=0.202 and in the second, P=0.500).Conclusion: This study emphasizes the persistence of elevated concentration of homocysteine in some patients with juvenile SLE and the need for evaluations of therapeutic strategies and nutritional education aiming to reduce risk factors of cardiovascular disease.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pediat, Disciplina Alergia Imunol Clin & Reumatol, Unifesp EPM, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pediat, Disciplina Alergia Imunol Clin & Reumatol, Unifesp EPM, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions