Addictive Video Game Use: An Emerging Pediatric Problem?

Introduction: The excessive use of video games is an emerging problem that has been studied in the context of addictive behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of use of addictive video games in a group of children and to identify risk factors, protective factors and potential consequences of these behaviors. Material and Methods: Observational and cross-sectional study of children from the sixth grade using an anonymous questionnaire. Addictive video game use was defined by the presence of 5 out of 9 behavioral items adapted from the DSM-5 criteria for ‘Pathological gambling’. Children who answered ‘yes’ to 4 items were included in the “Risk group for addictive video game use”. We delivered 192 questionnaires and 152 were received and included in the study (79.2% response rate). SPSS statistical software was used. Results: Half of the participants were male and the median age was 11 years old. Use of addictive video games was present in 3.9% of children and 33% fulfilled the risk group criteria. Most children played alone. We found additional factors associated with being in the risk group: greater time of use; online, action and fighting games (p < 0.001). Children with risk behaviors showed a shorter sleep duration (p < 0.001). Discussion: A significant number of children of our sample met criteria for addictive video games use in an early age and a greater number may be at risk (33%). This is a problem that warrants further research and clinical attention. Conclusion: This exploratory study helps to understand that addiction to video games in children is an emergent problem

Doença de Arranhadura do Gato em Adolescente

A doença da arranhadura do gato manifesta-se, na maioria dos casos, por linfadenopatia regional e autolimitada, com resolução gradual sem antibioterapia. Apresentamos o caso de uma adolescente com tumefação da região ântero-medial do cotovelo direito com sinais inflamatórios com 4 semanas de evolução, associada a febre e cansaço. Medicada inicialmente em ambulatório com amoxicilina/ácido clavulânico, azitromicina e clindamicina sem melhoria, pelo que ficou internada sob ceftriaxone e clindamicina. A ecografia revelou coleções abcedadas que foram puncionadas, com saída de conteúdo purulento. Serologias compatíveis com infeção recente a Bartonella henselae. Teve alta clinicamente melhorada sob ciprofloxacina oral. Relatamos uma apresentação persistente da infeção a Bartonella henselae com lesões abcedadas, com necessidade de internamento para antibioterapia endovenosa e punção da lesão

Lower prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in Portugal: possible impact of COVID-19 lockdown?

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

possible impact of COVID-19 lockdown?

59301]. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infection all over the world. Its prevalence ranges from 0.2 to 2.2%. Transmission from children to their pregnant mothers is a well-known risk factor, particularly if they attend a childcare centre. This study aims to compare the prevalence of CMV congenital infection (CMV_CI) in Portugal (Lisbon) between two studies, performed respectively in 2019 and 2020. In the 2019 study, performed in two hospitals, we found a 0.67% CMV_CI prevalence, using a pool strategy previously tested with saliva samples. In the 2020 study, using the same pool approach in four hospitals (the previous and two additional), and based on 1277 samples, the prevalence was 0.078%. Conclusion: The close temporal coincidence with COVID-19 lockdown suggests that these measures may have had a significant impact on this reduction, although other explanations cannot be ruled-out.What is Known:• Cytomegalovirus is the leading cause of congenital infection.• Behavioural measures decrease cytomegalovirus seroconversion in pregnant women.What is New:• From 2019 to 2020 there was a significant reduction in the prevalence of congenital CMV infection.publishersversionpublishe

SÍNDROME HEMOLÍTICO-URÊMICA NA PEDIATRIA E SUAS COMPLICAÇÕES: ANÁLISE DE CASOS

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a serious disease characterized by the classic triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure.&nbsp; This research is a systematic literature review, of a quantitative nature, which used the platforms PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library On-line (SciELO) and Google Scholar as a database to search for scientific articles.&nbsp; The choice of articles to be used in this review was performed by reading the title, abstract and, finally, reading the article in its entirety, with a careful analysis of the articles based on the aforementioned inclusion and exclusion criteria.&nbsp; The pathogenesis of HUS corresponds to a thrombotic microangiopathy, with a poor prognosis, and the diagnosis is usually made from the exclusion of other diseases.&nbsp; In the first clinical manifestation of the disease, almost half of the patients evolve to death or progress to end-stage renal disease.&nbsp; The treatment has the use of the drug Eculizumab, which has a high cost, but increases the expectation and quality of life of these patients.&nbsp; Thus, further studies on this disease are necessary for the development of new diagnostic measures and therapies.El síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH) es una enfermedad grave caracterizada por la tríada clásica de anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia e insuficiencia renal aguda. Esta investigación es una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de carácter cuantitativo, que utilizó las plataformas PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) y Google Scholar como base de datos para la investigación de artículos científicos. La elección de los artículos a utilizar en esta revisión se realizó mediante la lectura del título, el resumen y, finalmente, la lectura completa del artículo, y se realizó un análisis cuidadoso de los artículos basado en los criterios de inclusión y exclusión mencionados anteriormente. La patogénesis del SUH corresponde a una microangiopatía trombótica, presentando un mal pronóstico, y el diagnóstico se suele realizar a partir de la exclusión de otras enfermedades. En la primera manifestación clínica de la enfermedad, casi la mitad de los pacientes progresan a la muerte o progresan a la enfermedad renal crónica en etapa terminal. El tratamiento cuenta con el uso del fármaco Eculizumab, que presenta un alto costo, pero aumenta la expectativa y calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Por lo tanto, se necesitan más estudios sobre esta enfermedad para el desarrollo de nuevas medidas diagnósticas y terapias.A Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica (SHU) é uma doença grave, caracterizada pela tríade clássica de anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia e insuficiência renal aguda. Esta pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, de natureza quantitativa, que utilizou as plataformas PubMed, Scientific Eletronic Library On-line (SciELO) e Google Scholar como base de dados para pesquisa dos artigos científicos. A escolha dos artigos a serem utilizados nesta revisão foi realizada por meio da leitura do título, resumo e, por fim, da leitura do artigo na íntegra, sendo realizada uma análise criteriosa dos artigos fundamentados nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão supracitados. A patogênese da SHU corresponde a uma microangiopatia trombótica, apresentando um prognóstico ruim, sendo o diagnóstico realizado geralmente a partir de exclusão de outras doenças. Na primeira manifestação clínica da doença, quase metade dos pacientes evoluem ao óbito ou progridem para doença renal crônica terminal. O tratamento possui a utilização do fármaco Eculizumab, o qual apresenta um alto custo, porém a aumenta a expectativa e a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Com isso, mais estudos acerca desta doença são necessários para o desenvolvimento de novas medidas de diagnóstico e terapias

SÍNDROME HEMOLÍTICO-URÊMICA NA PEDIATRIA E SUAS COMPLICAÇÕES: ANÁLISE DE CASOS

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a serious disease characterized by the classic triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure.&nbsp; This research is a systematic literature review, of a quantitative nature, which used the platforms PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library On-line (SciELO) and Google Scholar as a database to search for scientific articles.&nbsp; The choice of articles to be used in this review was performed by reading the title, abstract and, finally, reading the article in its entirety, with a careful analysis of the articles based on the aforementioned inclusion and exclusion criteria.&nbsp; The pathogenesis of HUS corresponds to a thrombotic microangiopathy, with a poor prognosis, and the diagnosis is usually made from the exclusion of other diseases.&nbsp; In the first clinical manifestation of the disease, almost half of the patients evolve to death or progress to end-stage renal disease.&nbsp; The treatment has the use of the drug Eculizumab, which has a high cost, but increases the expectation and quality of life of these patients.&nbsp; Thus, further studies on this disease are necessary for the development of new diagnostic measures and therapies.El síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH) es una enfermedad grave caracterizada por la tríada clásica de anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia e insuficiencia renal aguda. Esta investigación es una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de carácter cuantitativo, que utilizó las plataformas PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) y Google Scholar como base de datos para la investigación de artículos científicos. La elección de los artículos a utilizar en esta revisión se realizó mediante la lectura del título, el resumen y, finalmente, la lectura completa del artículo, y se realizó un análisis cuidadoso de los artículos basado en los criterios de inclusión y exclusión mencionados anteriormente. La patogénesis del SUH corresponde a una microangiopatía trombótica, presentando un mal pronóstico, y el diagnóstico se suele realizar a partir de la exclusión de otras enfermedades. En la primera manifestación clínica de la enfermedad, casi la mitad de los pacientes progresan a la muerte o progresan a la enfermedad renal crónica en etapa terminal. El tratamiento cuenta con el uso del fármaco Eculizumab, que presenta un alto costo, pero aumenta la expectativa y calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Por lo tanto, se necesitan más estudios sobre esta enfermedad para el desarrollo de nuevas medidas diagnósticas y terapias.A Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica (SHU) é uma doença grave, caracterizada pela tríade clássica de anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia e insuficiência renal aguda. Esta pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, de natureza quantitativa, que utilizou as plataformas PubMed, Scientific Eletronic Library On-line (SciELO) e Google Scholar como base de dados para pesquisa dos artigos científicos. A escolha dos artigos a serem utilizados nesta revisão foi realizada por meio da leitura do título, resumo e, por fim, da leitura do artigo na íntegra, sendo realizada uma análise criteriosa dos artigos fundamentados nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão supracitados. A patogênese da SHU corresponde a uma microangiopatia trombótica, apresentando um prognóstico ruim, sendo o diagnóstico realizado geralmente a partir de exclusão de outras doenças. Na primeira manifestação clínica da doença, quase metade dos pacientes evoluem ao óbito ou progridem para doença renal crônica terminal. O tratamento possui a utilização do fármaco Eculizumab, o qual apresenta um alto custo, porém a aumenta a expectativa e a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Com isso, mais estudos acerca desta doença são necessários para o desenvolvimento de novas medidas de diagnóstico e terapias

Potenciais interações de drogas em pacientes de terapia antirretroviral: uma revisão integrativa: Potential drug interactions in antiretroviral therapy patients: an integrative review

Possíveis interações medicamentosas devem ser levadas em consideração ao selecionar um regime antirretroviral. Uma revisão detalhada dos medicamentos concomitantes pode ajudar na criação de um regime que minimize as interações indesejáveis. O potencial para interações medicamentosas deve ser avaliado quando qualquer novo medicamento (incluindo agentes de venda livre) é adicionado a um regime antirretroviral existente. A maioria das interações medicamentosas com medicamentos antirretroviral é mediada por inibição ou indução do metabolismo hepático de medicamentos. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, cujo objetivo foi compreender as possíveis interações de drogas em pacientes com infecção pelo HIV em processo de terapia antirretroviral. Após análise dos dados, concluiu-se que há riscos reais de interações medicamentosas a partir do uso de 5 ou mais medicamentos, por um tempo superior a seis anos. Os principais riscos apontados nesse sentido foram interferência na resposta terapêutica, aumento de reações adversas toxidade nos sistemas cardiovascular e nervoso central e dificuldades para detecção de resistência do HIV aos medicamentos antirretrovirais

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare