Role of Estrogen in Thyroid Function and Growth Regulation

Thyroid diseases are more prevalent in women, particularly between puberty and menopause. It is wellknown that estrogen (E) has indirect effects on the thyroid economy. Direct effects of this steroid hormone on thyroid cells have been described more recently; so, the aim of the present paper was to review the evidences of these effects on thyroid function and growth regulation, and its mechanisms. The expression and ratios of the two E receptors, α and β, that mediate the genomic effects of E on normal and abnormal thyroid tissue were also reviewed, as well as nongenomic, distinct molecular pathways. Several evidences support the hypothesis that E has a direct role in thyroid follicular cells; understanding its influence on the growth and function of the thyroid in normal and abnormal conditions can potentially provide new targets for the treatment of thyroid diseases

Planejamento Tributário: uma escolha entre as modalidades de tributação - Lucro Presumido e SIMPLES

TCC (Graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Socioeconômico. Curso de Ciências ContábeisO trabalho objetiva analisar e identificar a melhor modalidade de tributação para uma empresa do ramo de comércio e manutenção de produtos para telecomunicações. A problemática a ser resolvida nesta pesquisa é descobrir qual destas modalidades deve ser adotada na apuração de seus impostos. Para alcançar este objetivo fez-se necessário a construção de três objetivos específicos: caracterizar o planejamento estratégico, com ênfase no planejamento tributário; descrever os principais aspectos das modalidades de tributação existentes; e evidenciar, por meio do planejamento tributário, as vantagens e desvantagens pertinentes a cada uma delas. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, que utiliza da pesquisa documental como tipologia da pesquisa e os dados coletados foram tratados de forma qualitativa. Buscou-se realizar, por meio de um planejamento tributário, uma comparação entre as modalidades de tributação lucro presumido e SIMPLES, tendo como meta verificar qual delas apresenta ser mais condizente com a realidade da empresa. Os dados necessários à realização desta pesquisa foram coletados no escritório contábil em que a empresa é cliente, por meio das notas fiscais emitidas de vendas e prestação de serviços durante o ano de 2006. A partir disso, realizaramse cálculos com a intenção de verificar os valores apurados de cada uma das modalidades estudadas. A análise feita permitiu observar a importância da aplicação do planejamento tributário como suporte informacional disponibilizado pela contabilidade, tendo em vista orientar os usuários de que é possível reduzir os gastos com tributos dentro da legalidade

Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer Related to Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the second most common cancer in pregnancy. Its management is a challenge for both doctors and patients, and the best timing for surgery is unclear. A systematic review evaluating the prognosis of DTC in pregnant patients was conducted. After reviewing 401 unique citations and 54 full texts, 4 studies that compared the prognosis of patients with DTC related to pregnancy (DTC diagnosed during pregnancy or within 12 months after childbirth) or not were included. In two studies the primary outcome was overall survival, in one study the primary outcomes were recurrent disease and death related to thyroid cancer, and in one study the primary outcome was recurrent or persistent disease. In the first two studies, there was no difference in overall survival in patients with pregnancy-related DTC, when compared with matched controls; in one study, there was no difference in death caused by DTC nor recurrence in DTC related to pregnancy. Nevertheless, in a recent retrospective study, a higher rate of recurrent or persistent DTC was observed in patients with DTC related to pregnancy. There are not many studies on which to base treatment decisions in pregnant patients with DTC

Effects of Market Reform on Access to Food by Low-Income Households: Evidence from Four Countries in Eastern and Southern Africa

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Downloads June 2008 - June 2009: 10,

Parenting practices: a comparative study about the family interaction of two distinct adolescents

The present study aimed to investigate and compare, through a qualitative approach, the parenting practices received by two adolescents. Each adolescent (16 and 17 years old, both male) was selected in a different institution: one was recruited in a NGO that sponsors the study in private schools for low income students who demonstrate high academic achievement; and the other was under provisory detention waiting for the judgement of an infraction. With the authorization of both institutions, individual interviews were conducted, based on the Scale of Family Interaction’s Quality (Weber, Viezzer, Brandenburg, 2003). The investigated categories were: affection, reinforcement, involvement, rules and monitoring, communication, punishment, self-esteem and deviant partner involvement. In the story of the adolescent under provisory detention it was found little involvement and demonstration of love; inadequate use of positive reinforcement, rules with little monitoring, coercive communication, extremely exaggerated punishment and deviant partner involvement. In the story of the other participant it was found a greater involvement and love demonstration, clear rules, adequate use of positive reinforcement, positive communication, use of mild and consistent punishment, and no deviant partner involvement. It is possible to conclude that coercive parenting practices predominated on the family of the adolescent with antisocial behavior, and the non-coercive practices predominated on the family of the adolescent from the NGO. Keywords: family interactions; parenting practices; parent-son relationship.No presente estudo objetivou-se investigar e comparar, de forma qualitativa, as práticas parentais recebidas por dois adolescentes. Cada adolescente (de 16 e 17 anos, ambos do sexo masculino, provenientes do mesmo nível socioeducacional, foi selecionado de uma instituição diferente: um pertencia a uma ONG que patrocina os estudos particulares de alunos carentes com alto desempenho acadêmico e o outro estava detido provisoriamente à espera de julgamento por cometer ato infracional. Com autorização das instituições, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, baseadas nas Escalas de Qualidade na Interação Familiar (Weber, Viezzer e Brandenburg, 2003). As categorias investigadas foram: relacionamento afetivo, reforçamento, envolvimento, regras e monitoria, comunicação, punição, auto-estima e envolvimento com pares desviantes. O relato do adolescente detido revelou pais com baixo envolvimento e demonstração de afeto; uso inadequado de reforçamento positivo, ausência de regras e monitoria, comunicação coercitiva, punições extremamente exageradas, além de envolvimento com pares desviantes. Já no relato do outro adolescente foi possível perceber pais com maior envolvimento e demonstração de amor, regras claras, uso adequado de reforçamento positivo, comunicação positiva, punições brandas e consistentes e o não-envolvimento do participante com pares desviantes. Pôde-se concluir que houve predominância de práticas parentais coercitivas na família do adolescente com comportamentos anti-sociais, e predominância de práticas parentais não-coercitivas na família do adolescente da ONG. Palavras-chave: interações familiares; práticas parentais; relação pais-filhos

Production of tomato cultivated in different nutritive solutions

The objective this paper is determine the highest performance of fresh mass and number of fruits in tomato crops using different nutrient solution. An absolute hybrid with a semi-determined growth was used. It was grown in a protected environment using a fertigated substrate inside plastic bags containing ten liters of solution. The experiment was completely randomized with four levels of fertilization and five replications. Two experiments were carried out in two cultivation cycles (spring 2018 and autumn 2019) by performing an analysis of variance and Scott & Knott test and estimating the parameters of nonlinear logistic model and its critical points for both variables in each treatment. The mean fruit mass per plant was 3.70 kg for the spring experiment and 3.80 kg for the autumn experiment. The mean number of fruits per plant was 10.50 and 10.70 fruits for spring and autumn, respectively. There are significant differences between the treatments KO46, KO45 and KO56 compared to KO69 for fruit mass in the autumn experiment. For the other variables and cultivation cycles, the treatments did not show statistical differences. The logistic growth model fitted the weight and number of tomato fruits according to days after transplanting the seedlings and evidenced production cycle data, highlighting the main differences between the nutrient solutions. The nutritional solutions KO46, KO45 and KO56 are recommended for growing Gaúcho tomatoes in substrate. The nutrient solution KO56 has the best performance because it has a higher K availability, meets the balance of loads and antagonism between nutrients, provides equal response of means mass and number of fruits, and has a lower N:K ratio and balance of K over Ca and Mg, thus favoring fruit production, precocity, and development.The objective this paper is determine the highest performance of fresh mass and number of fruits in tomato crops using different nutrient solution. An absolute hybrid with a semi-determined growth was used. It was grown in a protected environment using a fertigated substrate inside plastic bags containing ten liters of solution. The experiment was completely randomized with four levels of fertilization and five replications. Two experiments were carried out in two cultivation cycles (spring 2018 and autumn 2019) by performing an analysis of variance and Scott & Knott test and estimating the parameters of nonlinear logistic model and its critical points for both variables in each treatment. The mean fruit mass per plant was 3.70 kg for the spring experiment and 3.80 kg for the autumn experiment. The mean number of fruits per plant was 10.50 and 10.70 fruits for spring and autumn, respectively. There are significant differences between the treatments KO46, KO45 and KO56 compared to KO69 for fruit mass in the autumn experiment. For the other variables and cultivation cycles, the treatments did not show statistical differences. The logistic growth model fitted the weight and number of tomato fruits according to days after transplanting the seedlings and evidenced production cycle data, highlighting the main differences between the nutrient solutions. The nutritional solutions KO46, KO45 and KO56 are recommended for growing Gaúcho tomatoes in substrate. The nutrient solution KO56 has the best performance because it has a higher K availability, meets the balance of loads and antagonism between nutrients, provides equal response of means mass and number of fruits, and has a lower N:K ratio and balance of K over Ca and Mg, thus favoring fruit production, precocity, and development

Que os façamos ouvir

Book Review of Se me deixam falar, by Moema Viezzer, with the narratives taken by the author of Domitlia Barrios, a Bolivian union leader who fought for the rights of her people, especially women and the working class during the various coups and dictatorships in the history of Bolivia. In addition to being a miner's wife, the union member was also the daughter of a miner and lived for most of her life in a state-owned mining company called Siglo XX, where workers' conditions were unhealthy. The book divides Domitila's narrative into her life, her situation, and her claims, all narrated without changes in Domitila's idioms. The book shows part of Latin American struggle processes from a feminine perspective, almost never found in large historical narratives. It uses a very close past so that we can bring new perspectives of fight of the same struggles for all the Latin American future.Reseña del libro Se me deixam falar, de Moema Viezzer, con las narrativas tomadas por la autora de Domitlia Barrios, una dirigente sindical boliviana que luchó por los derechos de su pueblo, especialmente de las mujeres y la clase trabajadora durante los diversos golpes y dictaduras en el Historia de Bolivia. Además de ser esposa de un minero, la sindicalista también era hija de un minero y vivió la mayor parte de su vida en una empresa minera estatal llamada Siglo XX, donde las condiciones de los trabajadores no eran saludables. El libro divide la narrativa de Domitila en su vida, su situación y sus afirmaciones, todo narrado sin cambios en los modismos de Domitila. El libro muestra parte de los procesos de lucha latinoamericanos desde una perspectiva femenina, casi nunca encontrada en grandes narrativas históricas. Utiliza un pasado muy cercano para que podamos traer nuevas perspectivas de lucha de las mismas luchas para todo el futuro latinoamericano.  Resenha sobre o livro Se me deixam falar, de Moema Viezzer, com as narrativas colhidas pela autora de Domitlia Barrios, líder sindicalista boliviana que lutou pelos direitos de seu povo, especialmente das mulheres e da classe trabalhadora durante os diversos golpes e ditaduras presentes na história da Bolívia. Além de esposa de mineiro, a sindicalista também era filha de um minerador e, morou por quase toda a sua vida em uma mineradora estatal chamada Siglo XX, onde as condições dos trabalhadores eram insalubres. O livro divide a narrativa de Domitila em sua vida, sua situação e sua e suas reivindicações, todas narradas sem que houvesse alterações nas expressões idiomáticas de Domitila. O livro mostra parte dos processos de luta latino-americanos a partir de uma perspectiva feminina, pouco encontrada em grandes narrativas históricas. Vale-se de um passado muito próximo para que possamos trazer novas perspectivas de luta para o futuro latino-americano. &nbsp

Continuidade dos estilos parentais através das gerações: transmissão intergeracional de estilos parentais

Parental practices have been investigated during decades and they are considered as important predictive factors in the child development and they provide a model of parental interaction with their children. This research had as objective to investigate the intergenerational transmission of the parental styles. Interviews were conducted with 21 women, from seven distinct families, respecting the trigenerational linearity, using the Adult Attachment Interview developed by George, Kaplan e Main and the Scales of Quality of Familiar Interaction Scales - EQIF of Weber and colaborators. It was used for the data analysis the non-parametric test Mann-Whitney U. Intergenerational transmission was found in 91.7% of the cases. From first to third generation the data showed that fathers were sensibly more authoritarian than the mothers and that they were more submissive. These results show that it is necessary to divulgate the adequated parenting practices as one prevention strategie.Práticas educativas parentais têm sido investigadas há várias décadas e são consideradas como importantes preditores para o desenvolvimento infantil e vêm servindo de modelo para os pais interagirem com a sua prole. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a transmissão intergeracional dos estilos parentais. Foram entrevistadas 21 mulheres, de sete famílias distintas, respeitando a linearidade trigeracional, utilizando-se a Entrevista de Apego Adulto, desenvolvida por George, Kaplan e Main e as Escalas de Qualidade de Interação Familiar - EQIF de Weber e colaboradores. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o teste não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney U. Os resultados mostram que em 91,7% dos casos ficou demonstrada a transmissão intergeracional. Da primeira para a terceira geração os dados revelaram pais sensivelmente mais autoritários do que as mães e estas mais submissas. Esses resultados levam à conclusão de que é necessária a divulgação de práticas educativas parentais adequadas como estratégias de prevenção

Striae gravidarum, acne, facial spots, and hair disorders : risk factors in a study with 1284 puerperal patients

Objective. To determine the prevalence of skin changes during pregnancy and to relate their occurrence to specific factors in a population of south Brazil. Methods. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out with 1284 puerperal patients. A questionnaire about skin changes during pregnancy was developed and applied by the authors to all puerperal women admitted in a tertiary hospital in south Brazil. Results. The appearance of striae during pregnancy was reported by 633 women (49.5%) and had a statistically significant association with primiparity, presence of stretch marks before pregnancy, and gestational weight gain above 21 kg. Facial blemishes were reported by 33.9% (n = 434) and were associated with a positive family history, multiparity, and the use of facial sunscreen (p < 0:0001). The onset or worsening of acne was identified in 35.7% (n = 456) and was statistically associated with primiparity and Fitzpatrick phototypes IV and V. Hair alterations were reported by 44.5% (n = 569) and were associated with primiparity (p = 0:029). Conclusion. Although most of the skin changes during pregnancy are considered “physiologic,” they can cause significant discomfort. Thus, it is important to know them and to understand which risk factors may be associated with such changes

USO DE DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS NA RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS

O estudo da matemática tem, se mostrado cada vez mais desgostoso por parte dos estudantes que aparentam desmotivados quando precisam resolver problemas referentes à disciplina. Muitos alegam que, pela necessidade de chegar à perfeição com cálculos e fórmulas, o conteúdo se torna difícil e tedioso. Assim, perguntamo-nos: E esse problema tem solução? Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados de uma investigação sobre a exploração de diferentes estratégias de resolução de problemas como um meio de se chegar a uma solução. Para chegarmos a esse quadro, realizamos intervenções com estudantes do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental em quatro escolas do Vale do Taquari. Aplicamos questionários nos quais os estudantes deveriam resolver os problemas de forma aleatória, sem terem a obrigação do uso do cálculo formal, que é normalmente empregado pelos mesmos por ser o mais exigido e ensinado. A partir da resolução desses problemas, analisamos e elencamos em categorias cada uma, separando os acertos dos erros.  Como resultados, observamos que muitos estudantes preferem não apresentar o desenvolvimento da resolução, apenas marcam a opção que acreditam ser coerente, e desses, grande parte não obteve êxito. Alguns ousaram mais e fizeram tabelas e desenhos como forma de resolução, e desses, todos acertaram. Concluímos que é muito importante para o estudante saber refletir e pensar sobre o que ele está fazendo ao invés de copiar mecanicamente o que o professor ensina, e aqueles que passaram a ousar com diferentes meios para a resolução de seus problemas também se sentiram mais motivados a continuar aprendendo