Entendendo a prática de ensino nos cursos de formação inicial de professores que ensinam matemática a partir dos documentos legais

Este artigo tem como objetivos apresentar como a prática de ensino se constituiu nos documentos legais que norteiam os cursos de licenciatura, buscando um entendimento sobre a prática como componente curricular, além de elucidar, com base na literatura, como ela está sendo pensada nos cursos de licenciatura em Matemática. Após um breve recorte histórico da formação do professor do Brasil, nos apoiamos, principalmente, nos pareceres CNE/CP 09/2001, CNE/CP28/2001, CNE/CP 15/2005 e, mais recentemente, o CNE/CP 02/2015, para realizar esse entendimento. Além disso, mostramos, a partir de algumas pesquisas convergentes com a temática do artigo, que a compreensão da prática como componente curricular não é única, gerando diversas maneiras de incorporação nos cursos de licenciatura em Matemática do nosso país

Um olhar sobre a produção científica em Etnomatemática da FEUSP

Este artigo apresenta dados referentes ao mapeamento das produções científicas realizadas produzidas na Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo que abordam a Etnomatemática. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa cujo objetivo é identificar, a partir das dissertações e teses realizadas na FEUSP, a maneira como elas contribuem na/para Educação. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento das dissertações e teses constantes no banco de dados bibliográficos da USP (Sistema Dedalus) que contêm a palavra etnomatemática, o que resultou em 13 dissertações e 14 teses. Através da análise de seus resumos, optamos pela categorização em na Educação e para a Educação. A análise das pesquisas nos mostrou a importância de as discussões da Etnomatemática estarem presentes na Educação. Além disso, pela diversidade de possibilidades, as pesquisas evidenciam o caráter dinâmico e abrangente do Programa Etnomatemática, contribuindo para o seu desenvolvimento

A comprehensive approach to evaluate nutritional status in Crohn's patients in the era of biologic therapy: a case-control study

Objectives - Evaluate the nutritional status of patients with inactive or mildly active Crohn's disease (CD), and identify possible causes for potential deficiencies. Methods - A total of 78 CD patients and 80 healthy controls were evaluated in respect of nutritional status, dietary intake, and life styles factors. Results - These 73/78 CD patients were on immunomodulating therapies. Mean body mass index (BMI) was lower in patients as compared to controls (P= 0.006) but 32% of CD patients and 33.8% of controls had a BMI > 25, whereas 8% and 23.8% in each group, respectively, were obese (BMI > 30Kg/m(2)). Fat free mass was significantly decreased in both genders (P < 0.05) whereas fat mass was decreased only in males (P= 0.01). Energy intake was significantly lower in CD patients (P < 0.0001) and we observed significantly lower adjusted mean daily intakes of carbohydrates, monounsaturated fat, fiber, calcium, and vitamins C, D, E, and K (P < 0.05). 29% of patients had excluded grains from their usual diet, 28% milk, 18% vegetables, and 11% fruits. Milk exclusion resulted in a significantly lower consumption of calcium and vitamin K (P < 0.001) and the exclusion of vegetables was associated to a lower consumption of vitamins C and E (P < 0.05). Physical activity was significantly lower in CD patients (P= 0.01) and this lack of physical activity was inversely correlated with increased fat mass percentage (r=-0.315, P= 0.001). Conclusions - Results showed that the most prevalent form of malnutrition in CD patients was an excess of body weight, which was concomitant with an inadequate dietary intake, namely micronutrients, clearly related to dietary exclusion of certain foods

THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RECENT ISOLATES OF Schistosoma mansoni TO PRAZIQUANTEL

Introduction: Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease caused by trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma and its control is dependent on a single drug, praziquantel (PZQ), but concerns over PZQ resistance have renewed interest in evaluating the in vitro susceptibility of recent isolates of Schistosoma mansoni to PZQ in comparison with well-established strains in the laboratory. Material and methods: The in vitro activity of PZQ (6.5-0.003 µg/mL) was evaluated in terms of mortality, reduced motor activity and ultrastructural alterations against S. mansoni. Results: After 3 h of incubation, PZQ, at 6.5 µg/mL, caused 100% mortality of all adult worms in the three types of recent isolates, while PZQ was inactive at concentrations of 0.08-0.003 µg/mL after 3 h of incubation. The results show that the SLM and Sotave isolates basically presented the same pattern of susceptibility, differing only in the concentration of 6.5 µg/mL, where deaths occurred from the range of 1.5 h in Sotave and just in the 3 h range of SLM. Additionally, this article presents ultrastructural evidence of rapid severe PZQ-induced surface membrane damage in S. mansoni after treatment with the drug, such as disintegration, sloughing, and erosion of the surface. Conclusion: According to these results, PZQ is very effective to induce tegument destruction of recent isolates of S. mansoni

Perineal Hernia in a Bitch

Background: Perineal hernia is characterized by the displacement of abdominal organs to the perineal region after rupture or weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles. This condition is common among middle-aged and elderly unneutered male dogs. Considering the severity of the condition and its rarity among bitches, this paper reports on a case of perineal hernia caused by hydrometra in a 12-year-old pinscher bitch.Case: The patient was a 12-year-old Pinscher bitch, weighing 3 kg, suffering from anuria and constipation in the 36 h prior to treatment, without reported trauma. She was unspayed, and her last estrus had occurred approximately thirty days previously. The physical examination revealed an increase in volume in the right perineal region, increased volume in the left inguinal region, increased body temperature (39.8ºC), pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominal pain and increased popliteal lymph nodes. The diagnosis was determined based on her medical history, clinical signs and an ultrasound scan, which revealed dilated uterine horns displaced unilaterally in the left inguinal region, with evidence of hydrometra, full urinary bladder inside the hernia sac in the right dorsolateral perineal region and right kidney pyelectasis. After evaluating the animal’s physical condition, surgery was recommended, involving ovariohysterectomy associated with inguinal and perineal herniorrhaphy.Discussion: Perineal hernia, a common condition in male dogs, is characterized by the displacement of organs towards the perineal region. However, in this case, this condition occurred in female dog. Unlike males, the main causes of perineal hernia in females are trauma, chronic coughing related to heart disease, bronchitis, and tracheal collapse. Increased intra-abdominal pressure associated with a weak pelvic diaphragm predisposes for herniation of abdominal contents, such as occurred through hydrometra. In this case, other factors that could pertain to the etiology of perineal hernia were excluded, given the absence of trauma or secondary diseases. The diagnosis was made based on a physical examination and ultrasound scan. Pre-surgical biochemical blood tests were also performed. The chosen treatment was ovariohysterectomy followed by inguinal and perineal herniorrhaphy. The traditional surgical procedure to reduce the perineal hernia was employed, using approximation sutures due to the easy apposition of wound edges. The structures and soft tissues involved showed no changes in color or texture, thus obviating the need for more elaborate techniques, which are employed in the case of relapse or muscle atrophy. The patient showed clinical evolution after surgical correction, with decreased perineal volume and recovery of urinary function (normuria). The patient was discharged after 72 h, and six months after the surgical procedure, she presented no clinical alteration, according to information provided in a telephone call by her owner. It is believed that the increase in volume caused by the presence of hydrometra was the determining factor for the development of inguinal and perineal hernias. It is suggested that alterations causing uterine enlargement be investigated in order to include perineal hernia in female dogs as a differential diagnostic tool

POLLUTION MITIGATION FOR HYDROCARBONS OF PETROLEUM THROUGH THE BIOREMEDIATION

Environmental contamination by hydrocarbons resulting from activities related to the oil sector is one of the great problems of our time and with the growth of production, distribution and consumption in recent years accidents involving oil or its derivatives have been increasingly steady. This environmental problems and frequent have become increasingly critical, since as can reach the soil, air and bodies of surface and underground water. Besides that, contain compounds with high level of toxicity, mobility and persistence in the environment, and generate a major ecological impact, these pollutants hinder the treatment of contaminated areas. The objective this work is to analyze from the law involved in the prevention of environmental damage this work also sought to introduce control measures and repair of the impacts caused by the oil industry, with emphasis on bioremediation technology as a mitigation measure, working in the recovery of degraded areas. Several studies developed in Brazil and the world has shown good results in restoring environments that have been polluted by hydrocarbons. It was also demonstrated the importance of the choice of technique bioremediation that followed the most used techniques for the biodegradation of hydrocarbons, both in situ and ex situ, as well as the processes involved for the bioremediation occurs effectively and safely. The development of studies like this can help generate new technologies or improve those that already exist, which is fundamental for the enrichment of new environmental decontamination projects.Environmental contamination by hydrocarbons resulting from activities related to the oil sector is one of the great problems of our time and with the growth of production, distribution and consumption in recent years accidents involving oil or its derivatives have been increasingly steady. This environmental problems and frequent have become increasingly critical, since as can reach the soil, air and bodies of surface and underground water. Besides that, contain compounds with high level of toxicity, mobility and persistence in the environment, and generate a major ecological impact, these pollutants hinder the treatment of contaminated areas. The objective this work is to analyze from the law involved in the prevention of environmental damage this work also sought to introduce control measures and repair of the impacts caused by the oil industry, with emphasis on bioremediation technology as a mitigation measure, working in the recovery of degraded areas. Several studies developed in Brazil and the world has shown good results in restoring environments that have been polluted by hydrocarbons. It was also demonstrated the importance of the choice of technique bioremediation that followed the most used techniques for the biodegradation of hydrocarbons, both in situ and ex situ, as well as the processes involved for the bioremediation occurs effectively and safely. The development of studies like this can help generate new technologies or improve those that already exist, which is fundamental for the enrichment of new environmental decontamination projects

Etipatogenia, diagnóstico e tratamento das infecções de origem dentária: revisão de literatura / Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of dental infections: literature review

As infecções de origem dentária podem causar graves problemas à saúde do indivíduo, tratando-se de uma preocupação de saúde pública. Essas infecções podem ser originadas de diversos meios, sejam estes, através da necrose pulpar, por cárie ou decorrente da invasão bacteriana para os tecidos periapicais, além de bolsas periodontais profundas, pericoronarite ou através de traumatismo dentário. A abordagem terapêutica dessas infecções variam de acordo com a forma de evolução, organismo causador, além das estruturas anatômicas comprometidas, com isso quando o fator etiológico for eliminado, o processo inflamatório desaparecerá. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir sobre a etiopatogenia, classificação, sintomatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento apropriado das infecções de origem dentária. Este artigo se trata de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Conclui-se que uma infecção de origem dentária pode ser combatida a partir de diversas condutas, tanto pelo próprio organismo do hospedeiro através de mecanismos da resposta imunológica quanto por condutas clínicas e terapêuticas, sendo essencial a prescrição correta e segura de antibióticos

Alterações clínicas da hanseníase associada a Covid-19 em pacientes atendidos em ambulatório de referência: série de casos

O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar uma série de casos sobre as alterações clínicas da hanseníase associada à COVID-19 em pacientes atendidos em ambulatório de referência em Belém/Pa. Foram realizadas buscas ativas dos casos de coinfecção covid-19 e hanseníase, incluindo 45 pacientes que estavam em tratamento para poliquimioterapia ou para estado reacionais ou de alta há pelo menos um ano. Destes, 4 pacientes referiram ter apresentado COVID-19 entre 2020 e 2021, incluindo dois casos de multirresistência medicamentosa à hanseníase. Dados de 21 publicações recentes demonstram que a coinfecção de SARS-CoV-2 / M. leprae é seguida por uma resposta intensa dependente de IL-6 e IL-12, mas, a apresentação clínica de ambas as doenças não é alterada. Além disso, sabe- se que pacientes com hanseníase estão suscetíveis a maior exposição do SARS-CoV-2 devido a maioria estar em uma maior condição de vulnerabilidade social e econômica, o que influencia na ocorrência de casos de Covid-19.As consequências de uma coinfecção M.leprae-SARS-CoV-2 ainda estão sendo investigadas e é necessário que sejam realizados estudos mais robustos acerca do tema.&nbsp; De acordo com a pesquisa feita, a atenção às pessoas com hanseníase frente à pandemia da COVID-19 deve ser continuada

ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN Schistosoma mansoni MALE WORMS AFTER in vitro INCUBATION WITH THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF Mentha x villosa Huds

Introduction: The essential oil Mentha x villosa (MVEO) has a wide range of actions, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and schistosomicidal actions. The present study aimed to investigate the ultrastructural changes of MVEO on the tegument of adult Schistosoma mansoni. Materials and Methods: Different concentrations of MVEO were tested on S. mansoni adult worms in vitro. Ultrastructural changes on the tegument of these adult worms were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: The MVEO caused the death of all worms at 500 μg mL-1 after 24 h. After 24h of 500 μg mL-1 MVEO treatment, bubble lesions were observed over the entire body of worms and they presented loss of tubercles in some regions of the ventral portion. In the evaluation by TEM, S. mansoni adult worms treated with MVEO, 500 μg mL-1, presented changes in the tegument and vacuoles in the syncytial matrix region. Glycogen granules close to the muscle fibers were visible. Conclusion: The ability of MVEO to cause extensive ultrastructural damage to S. mansoni adult worms correlates with its schistosomicidal effects and confirms earlier findings with S. mansoni