Electromyographic analysis of children with intellectual disability during hippotherapy compared to independent gait

Aim: analyze the electrical activity of muscles of trunk and lower limbs of children with Intellectual disability (ID) during hippotherapy compared to independent gait before and after 15 sessions. Materials and Methods: eight children with ID and mean age of 11 ± 1.69 years participated. Hippotherapy sessions were performed for 30 minutes, once a week, with horse riding equipment blanket without foot support in the stirrups. The surface electromyography was used to access muscles activity during hippotherapy and gait and between pre- and post- 15 sessions. Results: when comparing hippotherapy to gait, there was greater muscle activity during gait, regardless of the moment analyzed, pre- or post-session (p<0.05). However, when comparing pre- to post-sessions moments, during gait there was a significant decrease in muscle activity (p<0.05) after sessions, while, in hippotherapy was observed a significant increase (p<0.05) after sessions. Conclusion: the electromyographic activity of trunk and lower limbs of children with ID is greater during gait compared to hippotherapy, regardless of the moment, reporting the beneficial effects of hippotherapy from the integration of musculoskeletal, sensory and neural systems on muscle behavior during independent gait

Evaluation of the functional mobility and balance of adolescents with Down’s Syndrome treated in Hippotherapy and Physiotherapy

Introdução: A hipotonia muscular, característica da Síndrome de Down compromete a mobilidade funcional, o desempenho muscular e consequentemente interfere nas atividades da vida diária.Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos da Equoterapia e da Fisioterapia sobre a mobilidade funcional  e equilíbrio de adolescentes com síndrome de Down.Materiais e Métodos: O estudo incluiu 14 sujeitos com síndrome de Down divididos em dois grupos: nove (seis masculinos e três femininos) no grupo Equoterapia e cinco (três masculinos e dois femininos) no grupo Fisioterapia, idade média 13,2 ±2,2 e 14,2 ±3,1 anos, respectivamente. Foram realizados 30 atendimentos, com duração de 30 minutos cada, uma vez por semana, de acordo com os tipos de intervenções para cada grupo, Equoterapia e Fisioterapia. A mobilidade funcional  e equilíbrio foi avaliada no pré e pós intervenções por meio do teste TimedUpand Go.Resultados: Analisando o teste TimedUpand Go, foi possível observar diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p=0,006) no grupo Equoterapia, comparando-se o pré e pós intervenção (1º e 30º atendimentos).Conclusão: A Equoterapia foi capaz de proporcionar melhora na mobilidade funcional e no equilíbrio dinâmico quando comparada à Fisioterapia. No entanto, ambas as intervenções são práticas seguras para a reabilitação de indivíduos com síndrome de Down.Introduction: A muscle hypotonia, the Down Syndrome compromises functional mobility, muscle performance and consequently interferes with activities of daily living.Objectives: Analyze the effects of hippotherapy and physiotherapy on functional mobility and balance in adolescents with Down syndrome.Materials and Methods: The study includes 14 individuals with Down syndrome divided into two groups: nine (six male and three female) in the Horse-assisted therapy group and five (three male and two female) in the Physiotherapy group, mean age 13.2 ± 2, 2 and 14.2 ± 3.1 years, respectively. Thirty projects were carried out, lasting 30 minutes each, once a week, according to the types of application for each group, Horse-assisted therapy and Physiotherapy. Functional mobility and balance was assessed in pre and post-alteration using the TimedUpand Go test.Results: By analyzing or testing the TimedUpand Go, it was possible to observe statistically significant differences (p = 0.006) in the Horse-assisted therapy group, comparing it or pretest (1st and 30th ventures).Conclusion: Riding Therapy was able to improve functional mobility and dynamic balance when compared to Horseassisted therapy. However, some are safe practical practices for Down syndrome rehabilitation

Muscular flexibility in individuals with intellectual disabilities under the equine therapy: case study

The Equine therapy is a therapeutic method that seeks to develop biopsychosocial, cognitive and psychomotor development of the individual through practices and activities using the horse. The aim of this study was to analyze the flexibility of the posterior muscular chain of individuals with intellectual disabilities practicing hippotherapy. Evaluations were made using the method proposed by Wells and Dillon, in six children with Intellectual Disabilities, ages 7-15years before and after each hippotherapy session, held weekly. The gain in flexibility of the posterior muscular chain practitioners after each session was statistically significant in both group and individual assessment. It is concluded that the Hippotherapy is an effective method for promoting improvements in flexibility in practitioners with Intellectual Disabilities.</p

FLEXIBILIDAD MUSCULAR EN LAS PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD INTELECTUAL BAJO TERAPIA EQUINA: ESTUDIO DE CASO

The Equine therapy is a therapeutic method that seeks to develop biopsychosocial, cognitive and psychomotor development of the individual through practices and activities using the horse. The aim of this study was to analyze the flexibility of the posterior muscular chain of individuals with intellectual disabilities practicing hippotherapy. Evaluations were made using the method proposed by Wells and Dillon, in six children with Intellectual Disabilities, ages 7-15 years before and after each hippotherapy session, held weekly. The gain in flexibility of the posterior muscular chain practitioners after each session was statistically significant in both group and individual assessment. It is concluded that the Hippotherapy is an effective method for promoting improvements in flexibility in practitioners with Intellectual Disabilities.A Equoterapia é um método terapêutico que busca o desenvolvimento biopsicossocial, cognitivo e psicomotor do indivíduo por intermédio de práticas e atividades utilizando o cavalo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar nos praticantes / pacientes com Deficiência Intelectual, submetidos a sessões semanais de Equoterapia, a flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior, antes e após cada sessão, bem como sua evolução com o tratamento. As avaliações foram feitas utilizando-se o método proposto por Wells e Dillon, em seis crianças com Deficiência Intelectual, com idades entre 7 a 15 anos. O ganho de flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior dos praticantes após cada sessão foi estatisticamente significativo, tanto na avaliação em grupo quanto individual. Conclui-se que a Equoterapia é um método eficaz por promover melhora da flexibilidade em praticantes / pacientes com Deficiência Intelectual.La terapia equina es un método terapéutico que busca el desarrollo bio-psico-social, cognitivo y psicomotor del individuo a través de prácticas y actividades que utilizan el caballo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los pacientes con discapacidad intelectual sometidos a sesiones semanales de terapia de equitación, la flexibilidad de los músculos de la cadena posterior antes y después de cada sesión, además de su evolución bajo el tratamiento. La evaluación se realizó utilizando el método propuesto por Wells y Dillon: se trabajo con seis niños con discapacidad intelectual, entre las edades de 7 y 15 años. El aumento en la flexibilidad de los profesionales de la cadena muscular posterior después de cada sesión fue estadísticamente significativa, tanto el la avaluación en grupos como en la evaluación individual. Se concluye que la terapia equina es un método eficaz para la promoción de la flexibilidad de los profesionales con discapacidad intelectual

FLEXIBILIDAD MUSCULAR EN LAS PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD INTELECTUAL BAJO TERAPIA EQUINA: ESTUDIO DE CASO

The Equine therapy is a therapeutic method that seeks to develop biopsychosocial, cognitive and psychomotor development of the individual through practices and activities using the horse. The aim of this study was to analyze the flexibility of the posterior muscular chain of individuals with intellectual disabilities practicing hippotherapy. Evaluations were made using the method proposed by Wells and Dillon, in six children with Intellectual Disabilities, ages 7-15 years before and after each hippotherapy session, held weekly. The gain in flexibility of the posterior muscular chain practitioners after each session was statistically significant in both group and individual assessment. It is concluded that the Hippotherapy is an effective method for promoting improvements in flexibility in practitioners with Intellectual Disabilities.A Equoterapia é um método terapêutico que busca o desenvolvimento biopsicossocial, cognitivo e psicomotor do indivíduo por intermédio de práticas e atividades utilizando o cavalo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar nos praticantes / pacientes com Deficiência Intelectual, submetidos a sessões semanais de Equoterapia, a flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior, antes e após cada sessão, bem como sua evolução com o tratamento. As avaliações foram feitas utilizando-se o método proposto por Wells e Dillon, em seis crianças com Deficiência Intelectual, com idades entre 7 a 15 anos. O ganho de flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior dos praticantes após cada sessão foi estatisticamente significativo, tanto na avaliação em grupo quanto individual. Conclui-se que a Equoterapia é um método eficaz por promover melhora da flexibilidade em praticantes / pacientes com Deficiência Intelectual.La terapia equina es un método terapéutico que busca el desarrollo bio-psico-social, cognitivo y psicomotor del individuo a través de prácticas y actividades que utilizan el caballo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los pacientes con discapacidad intelectual sometidos a sesiones semanales de terapia de equitación, la flexibilidad de los músculos de la cadena posterior antes y después de cada sesión, además de su evolución bajo el tratamiento. La evaluación se realizó utilizando el método propuesto por Wells y Dillon: se trabajo con seis niños con discapacidad intelectual, entre las edades de 7 y 15 años. El aumento en la flexibilidad de los profesionales de la cadena muscular posterior después de cada sesión fue estadísticamente significativa, tanto el la avaluación en grupos como en la evaluación individual. Se concluye que la terapia equina es un método eficaz para la promoción de la flexibilidad de los profesionales con discapacidad intelectual

Correlation of lifetime progress of atherosclerosis and morphologic markers of severity in humans: new tools for a more sensitive evaluation

OBJECTIVES: To describe the morphological features of atherosclerosis in the aortas of autopsied patients (ranging from young adults to the elderly), thus providing new tools for a more sensitive morphological evaluation. METHOD: We collected 141 aorta samples. We assessed the macroscopic degree of atherosclerosis, thickness of the intima and media, lipid and collagen depositions in the intima, and the infiltration of mast cells into the layers of the aorta. We correlated the findings with gender, age, race and cause of death. RESULTS: The degree of atherosclerosis was significantly higher in the elderly. The aorta was thicker in the elderly and in cases with a cardiovascular cause of death. The thickness of the intima was significantly greater in the elderly, in males and in cases with a cardiovascular cause of death. The lipid content in the intima of the aorta was significantly higher in Caucasians. Older people and men had a significantly higher number of mast cells. CONCLUSION: A macroscopic evaluation is a good indicator of the severity of atherosclerosis, but a more detailed analysis, namely evaluating the thickness of the layers of the aorta and the number of mast cells, may further elucidate the changes in the constituents of this vessel

Avaliação da flexibilidade pelo método do Flexômetro de Wells em crianças com Paralisia Cerebral submetidas a tratamento hidroterapêutico: estudo de casos = Flexibility evaluation by the method of Wells’ Flexometer in children with Cerebral Palsy submitted to hydrotherapy treatment: study of the cases

Avaliar a flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior, utilizando o método proposto por Wells e Dillon, antes e após cada sessão de hidroterapia. Foi verificada a flexibilidade de três crianças com Paralisia Cerebral (PC) diparéticas, com idades entre sete a dez anos. Os valores de flexibilidade foram aferidos, utilizando o Flexômetro de Wells. Houve aumento significativo da flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior dos pacientes após cada sessão de hidroterapia, tanto na avaliação em grupo quanto individual, assim como antes da primeira sessão de hidroterapia quando comparada com a última. O estudo sugere que a hidroterapia promove melhora da flexibilidade em relação à cadeia muscular posterior de crianças com PC diparéticas, pelo relaxamento global e consequente diminuição dotônus muscular, quando associada a exercícios de alongamentos passivos. To evaluate the flexibility of the posterior muscle chain using the method proposed by Wells and Dillon, before and after each hydrotherapy session. The study verified the flexibility of three children with diplegic cerebral palsy (CP), aged 7 to 10. The values of flexibility were measured using the Wells’ Flexometer. There was a significant increase in the flexibility of posterior muscle chain of the patients after each session of hydrotherapy, both in the individual evaluation and in the group, as well as before the first session of hydrotherapy compared to the last. The study suggests that hydrotherapy promotes the improvement of flexibility, by relaxation of muscle tone of children with diplegic CP, in relation to the posterior muscle chain, when combined with passive stretching exercises