Efectos de la realización de un megaevento deportivo sobre una economía local. El caso de los Juegos Mundiales 2013 Cali

Propósito – En el artículo se presenta una síntesis del impacto sobre la producción y el empleo generado por la realización de un megaevento deportivo en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Diseño/metodología/enfoque – El impacto se estima a través de los efectos sistemáticos producidos por las actividades de inversión/gasto de los agentes identificados y los consecuentes efectos multiplicadores capturados a partir de un modelo insumo-producto. Hallazgos – La realización de los Juegos Mundiales significó un nuevo flujo de ingreso monetario a la ciudad de Cali, de $101.036 millones de pesos (=53,4 millones de dólares) y se generaron 9.598 puestos de trabajo (=7.711 empleos de tiempo completo). Adicionalmente, se atrajo a la ciudad a 2.174 turistas internacionales y 11.250 turistas nacionales. Originalidad/valor – El artículo aporta aspectos innovadores metodológicamente útiles para futuros estudios de impacto económico en ciudades poco turísticas situadas en países en vías desarrollo.Purpose A summary of the economic impact resulting from the celebration of a sporting mega-event in the city of Cali, Colombia, is carried out in this article. Design/methodology/approach The impacts are estimated by means of the systematic effects produced by the activities of investment/expenditure of the identified agents and the consequent multiplying effects captured from an input-output model. Findings The World Games represented a new income flow to the city of Cali of$101.036 million pesos (≡US$53.4 mill.) and 9.598 jobs were created (≡7,711 full-time jobs). Additionally, 2,174 foreign tourists and 11,250 national tourists were attracted to the city. Originality/value The article contributes with innovative aspects methodologically speaking, useful for future studies of economic impact in cities with low tourism located in developing countrie

Star Formation Under the Outflow: The Discovery of a Non-Thermal Jet from OMC-2 FIR 3 and its Relationship to the Deeply Embedded FIR 4 Protostar

We carried out multiwavelength (0.7-5 cm), multiepoch (1994-2015) Very Large Array (VLA) observations toward the region enclosing the bright far-IR sources FIR 3 (HOPS 370) and FIR 4 (HOPS 108) in OMC-2. We report the detection of 10 radio sources, seven of them identified as young stellar objects. We image a well-collimated radio jet with a thermal free-free core (VLA 11) associated with the Class I intermediate-mass protostar HOPS 370. The jet presents several knots (VLA 12N, 12C, 12S) of non-thermal radio emission (likely synchrotron from shock-accelerated relativistic electrons) at distances of ~7,500-12,500 au from the protostar, in a region where other shock tracers have been previously identified. These knots are moving away from the HOPS 370 protostar at ~ 100 km/s. The Class 0 protostar HOPS 108, which itself is detected as an independent, kinematically decoupled radio source, falls in the path of these non-thermal radio knots. These results favor the previously proposed scenario where the formation of HOPS 108 has been triggered by the impact of the HOPS 370 outflow with a dense clump. However, HOPS 108 presents a large proper motion velocity of ~ 30 km/s, similar to that of other runaway stars in Orion, whose origin would be puzzling within this scenario. Alternatively, an apparent proper motion could result because of changes in the position of the centroid of the source due to blending with nearby extended emission, variations in the source shape, and /or opacity effects.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Engineering conductive protein films through nanoscale self-assembly and gold nanoparticles doping

Protein-based materials are usually considered as insulators, although conductivity has been recently shown in proteins. This fact opens the door to develop new biocompatible conductive materials. While there are emerging efforts in this area, there is an open challenge related to the limited conductivity of protein-based systems. This work shows a novel approach to tune the charge transport properties of protein-based materials by using electron-dense AuNPs. Two strategies are combined in a unique way to generate the conductive solid films: (1) the controlled self-assembly of a protein building block; (2) the templating of AuNPs by the engineered building block. This bottom-up approach allows controlling the structure of the films and the distribution of the AuNPs within, leading to enhanced conductivity. This work illustrates a promising strategy for the development of effective hybrid protein-based bioelectrical materialsThis work was partially supported by the European Research Council ERC-CoG-648071-ProNANO, ERC-PoC-841063-NIMM, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Spain (PID2019- 111649RB-I00; and MAT2017-88693-R), and the Basque Government (Elkartek KK-2017/00008), E.L-M thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the FPI grant (BES-2017-079646). This work was performed under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program from the Spanish State Research Agency – Grant No. MDM-2017-0720 (CIC biomaGUNE) and SEV-2016-0686 (IMDEA Nanociencia

MiR-219a-5p Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Induce OPC Differentiation and EAE Improvement More Efficiently Than Liposomes and Polymeric Nanoparticles

Remyelination is a key aspect in multiple sclerosis pathology and a special effort is being made to promote it. However, there is still no available treatment to regenerate myelin and several strategies are being scrutinized. Myelination is naturally performed by oligodendrocytes and microRNAs have been postulated as a promising tool to induce oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and therefore remyelination. Herein, DSPC liposomes and PLGA nanoparticles were studied for miR-219a-5p encapsulation, release and remyelination promotion. In parallel, they were compared with biologically engineered extracellular vesicles overexpressing miR-219a-5p. Interestingly, extracellular vesicles showed the highest oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation levels and were more effective than liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles crossing the blood–brain barrier. Finally, extracellular vesicles were able to improve EAE animal model clinical evolution. Our results indicate that the use of extracellular vesicles as miR-219a-5p delivery system can be a feasible and promising strategy to induce remyelination in multiple sclerosis patients.This work was supported by Carlos III Institute, (PI17/00189 and DTS15/00069), by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional—FEDER, by the Gipuzkoa Regional Council (DFG 15/006), by grant from the Basque Government (RIS3/DTS/2018222025), by the Department of Industry of the Basque Country (ELKARTEK 16/014), and the Spanish State Research Agency (SAF2017-87670-R) and Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program Grant MDM-2017-0720). I.O.-Q., A.A. and L.I. were supported by the Department of Education of the Basque Government. IOQ and LAN were supported by EMBO short Term Fellowship Programme. LAN was supported by a Canadian graduate scholarship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CGS-D CIHR).PRC was supported by Ikerbasque, the Basque Foundation for Science

Niveles de colinesterasa sérica en caficultores del Departamento de Caldas, Colombia

Objetivo Determinar niveles de colinesterasa sérica en caficultores del departamento de Caldas y su asociación con factores demográficos y ocupacionales.Metodología Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, muestra de 1 098 agricultores del Alto Oriente y Centro Sur del Departamento de Caldas, por medio de una encuesta en la que se analizaron características del trabajador agrícola de tipo: sociodemográfico, ocupacional, clínicos y concentración de colinesterasa determinada con el método de Ellman.Resultados A nivel ocupacional, el 90,8 % de los agriculto es refirió riesgo de exposición directa a plaguicidas. El 3,8 % de las determinaciones analíticas de colinesterasa fueron anormales, se relacionó que el 75,6 % de los agricultores preparan la mezcladel insecticida, el 22,2 % tienen una frecuencia de aplicación en el cultivo más de dos veces por semana, el 37,8 % no emplea ropa de protección durante la jornada de fumigación. El tiempo de la última aplicación fue dentro del rango de uno a diez días demostrando que a menor tiempo de aplicación del insecticida, se presenta mayorinhibición de la enzima. Los plaguicidas más reportados fueron los de tipo organofosforado (58,6 %).Conclusiones El control de la exposición a plaguicidas se torna difícil porque la mayoría de trabajadores son de tipo informal. Se requiere fortalecer los programas de capacitación y campañas de sensibilización sobre los efectos de los plaguicidas en la salud, las medidas de higiene y seguridad en el trabajo. Los niveles bajos de colinesterasa sérica indican la absorción de una cantidad mínima de insecticidas inhibidores de la colinesterasa.Objective To determine the levels of serum cholinesterase in coffee growers from the Caldas department and its association with demographic and labor factors.Methodology A descriptive study was carried out in a sample of 1 098 farmers from the Upper East and South Center of the Caldas department, through a survey that analyzed characteristics such as sociodemographic, labor, and clinical conditions, as well as cholinesterase levels, determined by Ellman's method.Results Regarding the occupational aspect, 90.8 % of farmers reported a risk of direct exposure to pesticides. 3.8 % of the analytical determinations of cholinesterase were abnormal, which was related to the fact that 75.6 % of the farmers themselves prepare the mixture of the insecticide, 22.2 % spread the insecticide over their crops more thantwice a week, and 37.8 % do not wear protective clothing during the fumigation. The last fumigation was within the range of one to ten days, revealing that the shorter the time of application of the insecticide, the greater the inhibition of the enzyme. The mostfrequent pesticides were organophosphates (58.6 %).ConclusionsControlling pesticide exposure is difficult because most workers are self-employed. It is necessary to strengthen training programs and awareness campaigns regarding the effect of pesticides on health, as well as health and safety measures at the workplace. Low levelsof serum cholinesterase indicate the bsorption of a minimal amount of cholinesterase inhibiting insecticides

Efectos de la realización de un megaevento deportivo sobre una economía local: el caso de los Juegos Mundiales 2013 Cali

Purpose – A summary of the economic impact resulting from the celebration of a sporting mega-event in the city of Cali Colombia is carried out in this article. Design/methodology/approach – The impacts are estimated by means of the systematic effects produced by the activities of investment/expenditure of the identified agents and the consequent multiplying effects captured from an input-output model. Findings – The World Games represented a new income flow to the city of Cali of $101.036 million pesos (=US$53.4 mill.) and 9.598 jobs were created (=7711 full-time jobs). Additionally 2174 foreign tourists and 11250 national tourists were attracted to the city. Originality/value – The article contributes with innovative aspects methodologically speaking useful for future studies of economic impact in cities with low tourismlocated in developing countries.Propósito – En el artículo se presenta una síntesis del impacto sobre la producción y el empleo generado por la realización de un megaevento deportivo en la ciudad de Cali Colombia. Diseño/metodología/enfoque – El impacto se estima a través de los efectos sistemáticos producidos por las actividades de inversión/gasto de los agentes identificados y los consecuentes efectos multiplicadores capturados a partir de un modelo insumo-producto. Hallazgos – La realización de los Juegos Mundiales significó un nuevo flujo de ingreso monetario a la ciudad de Cali de $101.036 millones de pesos (=534 millones de dólares) y se generaron 9.598 puestos de trabajo (=7.711 empleos de tiempo completo). Adicionalmente se atrajo a la ciudad a 2.174 turistas internacionales y 11.250 turistas nacionales. Originalidad/valor – El artículo aporta aspectos innovadores metodológicamente útiles para futuros estudios de impacto económico en ciudades poco turísticas situadas en países en vías desarrollo

Accesibilidad Web en la Práctica, Iniciativas Académicas en Informática

La Accesibilidad Web es una cualidad indispensable para garantizar los derechos de las personas al acceso a la información publicada en Internet. Aunque existan normas vigentes desde 1998, el 10% de los sitios argentinos son inaccesibles. Los desarrolladores Web, deben considerar a toda persona, independientemente de las capacidades y limitaciones que posea, como potencial usuario de sus sitios. En este artículo, se presentan las diferentes acciones académicas llevadas a cabo en la Facultad de Informática de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata cuya finalidad va desde formar a futuros desarrolladores Web en la temática como también, difundir el tema, instalarlo en los diferentes ámbitos de la Universidad, desarrollar productos accesibles, hasta inclusive acercar las TICs y su enseñanza a alumnos discapacitados. Estas acciones intentan afianzar el espíritu impulsado desde la Ley 26.653, que establece que los sitios Web estatales argentinos deben ser accesibles, garantizando igualdad de oportunidades y trato.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Reserva cognitiva e rendimento cognitivo em adultos maiores saudáveis com história de prática musical reglada

Objective: cognitive reserve (CR) is defined as the brain’s ability to tolerate and support neuropathologies before reaching the threshold that gives rise to clinical manifestations. Due to the increase in life expectancy, this concept arises with the purpose of identifying factors that maintain the functionality and independence of the elderly, thus favoring the quality of life in this population group. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the time of exposure to directed musical practice and the cognitive performance of healthy older adults. Methodology: Observational, descriptive study including 11 healthy, older adults with a history of guided musical practice. The Cognitive Reserve questionnaire was applied and neurocognitive performance was evaluated using the K-BIT intellectual capacity test and the NEURONORMA COLOMBIA battery. Results: in people with musical training, cognitive reserve was associated to better performance in tasks of denomination, visuospatial and verbal working memory, focused and alternating attention, phonological verbal fluency and semantic performance. On the other hand, the time of exposure to directed musical practice was associated to better performance in semantic language and favored working memory and in the long term. Conclusions: time of exposure to directed musical practice, age, and educational level favor cognitive reserve in the linguistic and mnemonic domains.Objetivo: la reserva cognitiva (RC) se define como la capacidad cerebral de tolerar y soportar las neuropatologías antes de alcanzar el umbral que da inicio a las manifestaciones clínicas. Debido al aumento de la esperanza de vida, este concepto surge con el propósito de identificar factores que mantengan la funcionalidad e independencia de los adultos mayores, favoreciendo así la calidad de vida en este grupo poblacional. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre el tiempo de exposición a práctica musical dirigida y el rendimiento cognitivo de adultos mayores sanos. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo de 11 adultos mayores sanos con historia de práctica musical dirigida. Se aplicó el cuestionario de Reserva Cognitiva, y se evaluó el rendimiento neurocognitivo con el test de capacidad intelectual K-BIT y la batería NEURONORMA COLOMBIA. Resultados: en personas con entrenamiento musical, la reserva cognitiva está relacionada con mejor desempeño en tareas de denominación, memoria de trabajo visoespacial y verbal, atención focalizada y alternante, fluidez verbal fonológica y rendimiento semántico. Por otra parte, el tiempo de exposición a práctica musical dirigida se asoció a mejor desempeño en lenguaje semántico y favorece la memoria de trabajo y a largo plazo. Conclusiones: el tiempo de exposición a la práctica musical dirigida, la edad y el nivel educativo, favorecen la reserva cognitiva en los dominios lingüísticos y mnémicos.Objetivo: a reserva cognitiva (RC) se define como a capacidade cerebral de tolerar e suportar as neuropatologias antes de alcançar o umbral que dá início às manifestações clínicas. Devido ao aumento da esperança de vida, este conceito surge com o propósito de identificar fatores que mantenham a funcionalidade e independência dos adultos maiores, favorecendo assim a qualidade de vida neste grupo populacional. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre o tempo de exposição a prática musical dirigida e o rendimento cognitivo de adultos maiores saudáveis. Metodologia: estudo observacional descritivo de 11 adultos maiores saudáveis com história de prática musical dirigida. Se aplicou o questionário de Reserva Cognitiva, e se avaliou o rendimento neurocognitivo com o teste de capacidade intelectual K-BIT e a bateria NEURONORMA COLÔMBIA. Resultados: em pessoas com treinamento musical, a reserva cognitiva está relacionada com melhor desempenho em tarefas de denominação, memória de trabalho visoespacial e verbal, atenção focalizada e alternante, fluidez verbal fonológica e rendimento semântico. Por outra parte, o tempo de exposição a prática musical dirigida se associou a melhor desempenho em linguagem semântico e favorece a memória de trabalho e a longo prazo. Conclusões: o tempo de exposição à prática musical dirigida, a idade e o nível educativo, favorecem a reserva cognitiva nos domínios linguísticos e mnêmicos

Accesibilidad Web abierta a la comunidad: la primer experiencia en la Facultad de Informática de la UNLP

En este artículo se presenta el primer curso a distancia sobre Accesibilidad Web desarrollado en la Facultad de Informática de la UNLP abierto a la comunidad. La Accesibilidad Web es una cualidad imprescindible para garantizar el acceso a toda persona al contenido publicado en Internet, sin discriminaciones ni restricciones arbitrarias. El desarrollador Web es quien debe aplicar en sus creaciones este concepto, respetando los estándares internacionales sobre Accesibilidad. Este curso, dirigido a ellos, intentó mediante la educación a distancia, llegar más allá de cuestiones de tiempo y espacio, a cada profesional informático, afianzando e incentivando esta temática. Se incluyen detalles del curso, su contenido, metodología, resultados obtenidos. Se explica esta experiencia educativa que ha logrado en el alumnado, una toma de conciencia sobre la importancia de considerar diferentes escenarios de interacción y disponer el contenido Web a todos los usuarios independientemente de sus condiciones físicas, mentales, socio económicas o técnicas que posea.Presentado en el IX Workshop Tecnología Informática aplicada en Educación (WTIAE)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Molecular Epidemiology of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Outbreaks in Marine Rainbow Trout Farms Reveals Extensive Horizontal Gene Transfer and High Genetic Diversity

The marine bacterium Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae is a pathogen for a variety of marine animals, as well as for humans, and is nowadays considered an emerging pathogen for fish of importance in marine aquaculture. Recent studies have suggested that outbreaks in fish farms are caused by multiclonal populations of this subspecies that exist in the environment. Here, we report the study of a collection of 31 strains isolated during the course of disease outbreaks in marine rainbow trout farms in Denmark in 1994, 1995, and 2006, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis based on the toxR gene sequence, and the screening of virulence-related genes uncovered a high genetic heterogeneity, even among strains isolated from the same fish farm at the same time. Moreover, comparative analysis of the whole genome sequences of four selected strains revealed a large number of differentially occurring genes, which included virulence genes, pPHDD1 plasmid, polysaccharide synthesis gene clusters, CRISPR-Cas systems and putative new mobile genetic elements. This study provides sound evidence that P. damselae subsp. damselae outbreaks in Danish rainbow trout farms were caused by multiclonal populations and that horizontal gene transfer constitutes a strong driving force in the generation of intraspecific diversity in this pathogen