Butyric acid-based feed additives help protect broiler chickens from Salmonella Enteritidis infection

[EN] Sodium butyrate is a sodium salt of a volatile short-chain fatty acid (butyric acid) used to prevent Salmonella Enteritidis infection in birds. Three groups of fifty 1-d-old broilers each were fed the following diets: T0 = standard broiler diet (control); T1 = standard broiler diet supplemented with 0.92 g/kg of an additive with free sodium butyrate (Gustor XXI B92); and T2 = standard broiler diet supplemented with 0.92 g/kg of an additive with sodium butyrate partially protected with vegetable fats (Gustor XXI BP70). Twenty percent of the birds were orally infected with Salmonella Enteritidis at d 5 posthatching and fecal Salmonella shedding was assessed at d 6, 9, 13, 20, 27, 34, and 41 of the trial. At d 42, all birds were slaughtered and 20 of them dissected: crop, cecum, liver, and spleen were sampled for bacteriological analyses. Both butyrate-based additives showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of Salmonella Enteritidis infection in birds from d 27 onward. However, the partially protected butyrate additive was more effective at the late phase of infection. Partially protected butyrate treatment successfully decreased infection not only in the crop and cecum but also in the liver. There were no differences in the spleen. These results suggest that sodium butyrate partially protected with vegetable fats offers a unique balance of free and protected active substances effective all along the gastrointestinal tract because it is slowly released during digestion.S

Situación actual del banco de recursos genéticos de la raza bovina Serrana de Teruel

raza Serrana de TeruelPublishe

Biomechanical study of autograft anatomic reconstruction in lateral ankle instability

Introduction: The purpose of this work is perform a biomechanical comparison of anatomic reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) with the intact ATFL. Materials and methods: We studied 18 fresh cadaveric ankles with intact ATFL. Each specimen was clinically assessed with the anterior drawer (AD) and varus tilt (VT) tests and the angular movement in the three spatial planes (axial, coronal and sagittal) was measured with an arthrometer using a sensor located in the talus. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the axial plane, between the intact ATFL versus the sectioned ATFL for AD test with p = 0.012, and for VT test with p = 0.013. Regarding the coronal plane, we also observed a statistically significant difference for VT test with p = 0.016. In the sagittal plane, there are no statistically significant differences in both maneuvers. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the biomechanics of anatomic ligament reconstruction versus the intact ATFL. Conclusion: Autograft anatomic reconstruction of the ATFL showed biomechanical properties similar to those of the native ATFL, at the zero moment in a cadaveric model.publishersversionpublishe

Paleogeografía y Paleosismicidad: El caso de estudio Bajo Segura, SE España

Trabajo presentado en la XIV Reunión Nacional de Cuaternario, celebrada en Granada (España), del 30 de junio al 2 de julio de 2015El presente trabajo aborda el análisis paleogeográfico de la Depresión del Bajo Segura donde se ubicaba la antigua bahía Ibero-Romana del Sinus ilicitanus. Se confrontan datos de reconstrucciones paleogeográficas, documentos históricos con el análisis geomorfológico del sistema de acequias, azudes y canales de la zona y su desarrollo en diferentes periodos. Se concluye que durante la época musulmana la zona afectada por el terremoto en las inmediaciones de Orihuela era un sistema deltáico palmeado 1048 AD se relacionan con fracturación del terreno y procesos de licuefacción, así como un relevante cambio del curso del rí Segura y abandono del sistema deltaico.This work has been funded by the Spanish research projects CGL2012 (QTECTBETICA -USAL), CGL2012-33430 (CSIC) and CGL2013-42847-R (UNED) and W. G. QTECT-AEQUAPeer reviewe

B-Ring-Aryl Substituted Luotonin A Analogues with a New Binding Mode to the Topoisomerase 1-DNA Complex Show Enhanced Cytotoxic Activity

<div><p>Topoisomerase 1 inhibition is an important strategy in targeted cancer chemotherapy. The drugs currently in use acting on this enzyme belong to the family of the camptothecins, and suffer severe limitations because of their low stability, which is associated with the hydrolysis of the δ-lactone moiety in their E ring. Luotonin A is a natural camptothecin analogue that lacks this functional group and therefore shows a much-improved stability, but at the cost of a lower activity. Therefore, the development of luotonin A analogues with an increased potency is important for progress in this area. In the present paper, a small library of luotonin A analogues modified at their A and B rings was generated by cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate-catalyzed Friedländer reactions. All analogues showed an activity similar or higher than the natural luotonin A in terms of topoisomerase 1 inhibition and some compounds had an activity comparable to that of camptothecin. Furthermore, most compounds showed a better activity than luotonin A in cell cytotoxicity assays. In order to rationalize these results, the first docking studies of luotonin-topoisomerase 1-DNA ternary complexes were undertaken. Most compounds bound in a manner similar to luotonin A and to standard topoisomerase poisons such as topotecan but, interestingly, the two most promising analogues, bearing a 3,5-dimethylphenyl substituent at ring B, docked in a different orientation. This binding mode allows the hydrophobic moiety to be shielded from the aqueous environment by being buried between the deoxyribose belonging to the G(+1) guanine and Arg364 in the scissile strand and the surface of the protein and a hydrogen bond between the D-ring carbonyl and the basic amino acid. The discovery of this new binding mode and its associated higher inhibitory potency is a significant advance in the design of new topoisomerase 1 inhibitors.</p></div

DNA relaxation inhibition assay.

<p>Drug concentration was 10 µM. Activities are expressed relative to that of camptothecin (CPT): (+) 1–25%, (++) 26–50%, (+++) 51–75%, (++++) 76–100% of the CPT inhibition. All compounds were at least as potent as luotonin A and compound <b>3g</b> showed a remarkable activity, comparable to that of camptothecin.</p

Results of the cytotoxicity assays.

<p>The cytotoxicities of compounds <b>3a</b>–<b>g</b> are expressed as percentage of cell growth relative to the negative control. Error bars account for the standard error. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between a drug and the model compound <b>3a</b>. Camptothecin was employed as a positive control (0% growth) at 25 and 2.5 µM concentrations.</p