930 research outputs found
The rock carvings of Bouça da Cova da Moura (Ardegães, Maia, Northern Portugal) in the context of Late Prehistory in the Leça basin
Este texto pretende dar a conhecer o conjunto de
gravuras rupestres da Bouça da Cova da Moura.
A anĂĄlise efetuada ao conjunto de signos permitiu
denotar, a presença de composiçÔes gråficas pertencentes
Ă tradição artĂstica que se convencionou
denominar de arte atlùntica, representaçÔes de cariz
mais esquemĂĄtico e motivos de Ă©poca histĂłrica.
Na envolvĂȘncia dos afloramentos gravados descobriram-se
monumentos megalĂticos, ĂĄreas de
dispersĂŁo de materiais cerĂąmicos datĂĄveis do CalcolĂtico,
uma ocupação da Idade do Bronze, além
de materiais dispersos deste perĂodo genĂ©rico,
relevantes para a anĂĄlise da biografia deste lugar
numa pequena escala de anålise. A inserção deste
locus numa escala mais ampla de anĂĄlise, ou seja,
os Montes do Leandro, pequeno contraforte da serra
do Bougado, permite admitir que este complexo
de gravuras rupestres faria parte de um vasto
território de ampla significação simbólica durante
a Pré-história Recente. Neste sentido as diferentes
materialidades seriam, resultado de um processo
aditivo que resulta da frequĂȘncia do planalto, da
sua da reutilização e reinterpretação, num templo
cĂclico.The aim of this paper is to offer an overview of the
rock art assemblage at Bouça da Cova da Moura
in its local and regional contexts. The site is located
in ArdegĂŁes, parish of Ăguas Santas, municipality
of Maia, district of Porto, in north-western
Portugal. Fieldwork carried out in the end of the
20th century and the beginning of the 21st century,
resulted in the discovery of new carved surfaces in
the place where the well-known âpedra partida de
ArdegĂŁesâ had been found; it was not only possible
to unveil aspects related to its topographical context
but also to discover other materialities which
are spatially related to the rock carvings.
Stylistic analysis undertaken to the set of carvings
allow us to consider that we are beyond an assemblage
which is partly constituted of rock art compositions
belonging to the prehistoric art tradition
conventionally called atlantic art, there is one
schematic human figure and other motifs that belong
to historical periods.
In the vicinities of the carved outcrops there are
megalithic monuments dated to the Neolithic, scatters
of pottery fragments probably dated to the
Copper Age, evidence for a Bronze Age occupation
site, as well as clusters of surface finds from
the same period. Overall, the field data recovered
so far is extremely relevant for the analysis of the
biography of this place at a small scale of analysis.
The integration of this locus in a wider spatial scale,
i.e. in the plateau that cuts across the territory
in the north-south direction linking it to the Bougado hills, allow us to admit that this rock art complex
would be part of a vast territory of symbolic
significance in Late Prehistory. Thus, the distinct
archaeological remains may be the materialisation
of the importance of this geomorphological unit in
the cognitive map and ideological universe of the
prehistoric communities who dwelled, over a long
period of time, along the middle basin of the River
Neiva. These different materialities would result
from a process of addition in the occupation of the
plateau, of its reuse and reinterpretation in a cyclical
time.Este texto insere-se no projeto Bronze Age
Landscapes in the west of Iberian Peninsula
/ Paisagens da Idade do Bronze no ocidente
peninsular (SFRH/BSAB/ 986/10) apoiado e
financiado pela FCT no Ăąmbito de uma Bolsa
de Licença Sabåtica.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
What is the effect of size on the use of the EFQM excellence model?
Purpose
By contrasting a contingency with a universal approach to business excellence models (BEMs), the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of size on the use of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model by organizations that were officially âRecognized for Excellenceâ in Spain. It considers the potential differences between large organizations and SMEs on the level of adoption of EFQM criteria and on the impact that enablers-criteria may have on key performance measures.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses actual sub-criteria and criteria scores attained by organizations in their assessment for EFQM recognition. Scores of a population of 216 organizations are analyzed via analysis of variance, factor and structural equations models.
Findings
Although there are some criteria in the EFQM model that appear to be universally adopted irrespective of size, the empirical analyses indicate that size may shape the adoption of other criteria and the impact that enablers can have on results, thus supporting a contingency perspective. Moreover, the findings call for the revision of the relationships embedded in the EFQM model.
Originality/value
In contrast to most previous research, which relied on surveys of managersâ perceptions, this study uses the actual scores achieved by organizations in their assessment for EFQM recognition. It addresses the effect of size on the whole model, which so far has been neglected in the literature. All in all this study contributes to the literature on contingency approaches to best practices, and more specifically to BEMs. To the practitioner, it provides guidelines for addressing perceived performance gaps in their pursuit of recognition for excellence
PrevalĂȘncia de atividade fĂsica em adolescentes e fatores associados
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of physical activity among adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested within a cohort of 4,325 subjects from the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, aged 14-15 years in 2008. Physical activity was analyzed using three different approaches: (1) prevalence of any leisure-time physical activity; (2) prevalence of any active commuting to school; and (3) prevalence of engaging in at least 300 minutes per week of both (1) and (2) combined. Independent variables included sociodemographic, behavioral, social, and biological characteristics, and number of different leisure-time physical activites practiced. Statistical analyses were carried out using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The proportion of adolescents involved in any type of leisure-time physical activity was 75.6%, while 73.4% displayed some form of active commuting to school. Prevalence of total physical activity score (>; 300 min/week) was 48.2%, being greater among boys (62.6%) than among girls (34.5%). Furthermore, prevalence increased along with the number of physical activity modalities practiced (pOBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de actividad fĂsica entre adolescentes y identificar los factores asociados. MĂTODOS: Estudio transversal anidado en una cohorte con 4.325 individuos de 14-15 años en Pelota, Sur de Brasil, en 2008. La actividad fĂsica fue analizada por medio de tres diferentes abordajes: 1) prevalencia de alguna actividad fĂsica de ocio; 2) prevalencia de algĂșn traslado activo para la escuela; 3) prevalencia de compromiso de por lo menos 300 minutos por semana en la combinaciĂłn de ambos (1 y 2). Variables independientes incluyeron caracterĂsticas demogrĂĄficas, socioeconĂłmicas, comportamentales, sociales y biolĂłgicas y nĂșmero de actividades fĂsicas practicadas en el tiempo de ocio. Los anĂĄlisis estadĂsticos fueron hechos por la regresiĂłn de Poisson. RESULTADOS: La proporciĂłn de adolescentes envueltos en alguna actividad fĂsica de ocio fue 75,6% mientras que 73,4% presentaron alguna forma de traslado activo para la escuela. La prevalencia de actividad fĂsica total (escore Âł 300 min/sem) fue 48,2% siendo mayor para los niños (62,6%) que para las niñas (34,5%). AdemĂĄs, la prevalencia aumentĂł de acuerdo con el nĂșmero de actividades fĂsicas practicadas (pOBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalĂȘncia de atividade fĂsica entre adolescentes e identificar fatores associados. MĂTODOS: Estudo transversal aninhado em uma coorte com 4.325 indivĂduos de 14-15 anos em Pelotas, RS, em 2008. A atividade fĂsica foi analisada por meio de trĂȘs diferentes abordagens: 1) prevalĂȘncia de alguma atividade fĂsica de lazer; 2) prevalĂȘncia de algum deslocamento ativo para a escola; 3) prevalĂȘncia de engajamento em pelo menos 300 minutos por semana da combinação de ambos (1 e 2). VariĂĄveis independentes incluĂram caracterĂsticas demogrĂĄficas, socioeconĂŽmicas, comportamentais, sociais e biolĂłgicas e nĂșmero de atividades fĂsicas praticadas no tempo de lazer. As anĂĄlises estatĂsticas foram feitas pela regressĂŁo de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A proporção de adolescentes envolvidos em alguma atividade fĂsica de lazer foi 75,6%, enquanto 73,4% apresentou alguma forma de deslocamento ativo para a escola. A prevalĂȘncia de atividade fĂsica total (escore >; 300 min/sem) foi 48,2%, sendo maior para os meninos (62,6%) do que para as meninas (34,5%). AlĂ©m disso, a prevalĂȘncia aumentou de acordo com o nĂșmero de atividades fĂsicas praticadas (p < 0,001). Os fatores associados Ă maior prĂĄtica de atividade fĂsica (lazer + deslocamento) nos nĂveis recomendados foram: cor de pele nĂŁo-branca, ter repetido de ano na escola e jogar videogame. As variĂĄveis menor nĂvel socioeconĂŽmico, maior tempo de uso de computador e atividade fĂsica dos pais estiveram associadas ao desfecho apenas entre as meninas. CONCLUSĂES: Menos da metade dos adolescentes atingiu as recomendaçÔes para a prĂĄtica de atividade fĂsica, e essa proporção tende a diminuir entre os sujeitos de maior nĂvel socioeconĂŽmico. Os fatores associados diferiram entre lazer e deslocamento. Engajamento em uma ampla variedade de atividades fĂsicas deve ser encorajado desde a infĂąncia
Ronco habitual e apnéia obstrutiva observada em adultos: estudo de base populacional, Pelotas, RS
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea and their factors associated. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample comprising 3,136 adults (>;20 years) living in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 2005. A questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and anthropometric variables and outcomes. Crude and adjusted statistical analysis using Fisher exact test and chi-square test for linear trend and a multivariate analysis through Poisson regression model were carried out, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of habitual snoring was 50.5% (95% CI: 48.1;52.8) and obstructive sleep apnea was 9.9% (95% CI: 8.7;11.2). After adjustment, the risk of habitual snoring was greater in males (prevalence ratio [PR]=1.25, 95% CI: 1.16;1.34), elderly people (PR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.46;1.80), current smokers (PR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.07;1.25), alcohol users (PR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.03;1.31) and obese people (PR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.55;1.88). The risk of obstructive sleep apnea was greater in males (PR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.67;2.52), elderly people (PR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.64;3.03), current smokers (PR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.25;2.05) and obese people (PR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.97;3.47). CONCLUSIONS: In the studied population, habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea were common symptoms. Well-known risk factors such as male gender and age between 40 and 60 years are not modifiable. However, smoking, alcohol use and obesity need to be identified and treated in general population.OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalĂȘncia de ronco habitual e apnĂ©ia obstrutiva observada e fatores associados. MĂTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de 3.136 adultos, com 20 anos ou mais, residentes em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, em 2005. InformaçÔes sobre os desfechos e variĂĄveis demogrĂĄficas, socioeconĂŽmicas, comportamentais e antropomĂ©tricas foram coletadas por meio de questionĂĄrio. A anĂĄlise estatĂstica bruta e ajustada foi realizada utilizando-se teste exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado de tendĂȘncia linear e regressĂŁo de Poisson, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: A prevalĂȘncia encontrada de ronco habitual foi de 50,5% (IC 95%: 48,1;52,8) e de apnĂ©ia obstrutiva de 9,9% (IC 95%: 8,7;11,2). Na anĂĄlise ajustada, o relato de ronco foi maior nos homens (RazĂŁo de PrevalĂȘncias - RP=1,25; IC 95%: 1,16;1,34), nos idosos (RP=1,62; IC 95%: 1,46;1,80), nos tabagistas (RP=1,15; IC 95%: 1,07;1,25), nos alcoolistas (RP=1,17; IC 95%: 1,03;1,31) e nos obesos (RP 1,71, IC95% 1,55;1,88). O relato de apnĂ©ia obstrutiva foi maior nos homens (RP=2,05; IC 95%: 1,67;2,52), nos idosos (RP=2,23; IC 95%: 1,64;3,03), nos tabagistas (RP=1,60; IC 95%: 1,25;2,05) e nos obesos (RP=2,61; IC 95%: 1,97;3,47). CONCLUSĂES: Ronco habitual e apnĂ©ia obstrutiva foram sintomas comuns na população estudada. Fatores de risco conhecidos como sexo masculino e idade entre quarta e quinta dĂ©cadas de vida nĂŁo sĂŁo modificĂĄveis. Entretanto, tabagismo, alcoolismo e obesidade tambĂ©m associados aos desfechos, devem ser identificados e tratados na população geral
Respiratory symptoms (COPD Assessment Test and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scores) and GOLD-ABCD COPD classification: the LASSYC study
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Symptoms; COPDEnfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crĂłnica; SĂntomas; EPOCMalaltia pulmonar obstructiva crĂČnica; SĂmptomes; MPOCObjective
To assess the frequency and severity of 24-hour respiratory symptoms according to COPD GOLD-ABCD classification (2017-version), the distribution of the patients with COPD into GOLD categories using mMRC (â„2) or CAT (â„10) scores, and agreement between these cut-off points.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study (LASSYC study), 24-hour day respiratory symptoms were assessed by the Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms in COPD (E-RS) questionnaire, Nighttime Symptoms of COPD Instrument (NiSCI), Early Morning Symptoms of COPD Instrument (EMSCI), CAT and mMRC scores.
Results
Among the 734 patients with COPD, 61% were male, age 69.6±8.7 years, FEV1% post-BD 49.1±17.5%, mMRC 1.8±1.0 and CAT 15.3±.8.1. By mMRC 33.7% were group-A, 29.2% group-B, 10.2% group-C and 26.9% group-D. By CAT 22.3% were group-A, 41% group-B, 4.8% group-C and 31.9% group-D. Using the mMRC the severity of E-RS, NiSCI and EMSCI scores increased from group A to D. Using the CAT, the groups B and D had the higher scores. Agreement between mMRC and CAT was 89.5% (Kappa statistics=75.7%). For mMRC score of 2, CAT score of â„11 showed the maximum Youdenâs index (1.34). For mMRC score of 1, CAT score of â„9 and â„10 showed the maximum Youdenâs index (1.48).
Conclusion
GOLD COPD classification by CAT seems to better discriminate 24-hour symptoms. Results do not support the equivalent use of CATâ„10 and mMRCâ„2 for assessing symptoms.This observational study was funded by AstraZeneca Latin America. The funder had no input into the study design, analysis, or interpretation of the results
Adverse childhood experiences:Prevalence and related factors in adolescents of a Brazilian birth cohort
AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can affect people's health and wellbeing not only at the time the ACE is experienced, but also later in life. The majority of studies on ACEs are carried out in high-income countries and little is known about its prevalence in low and middle-income countries. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ACEs, associations between ACEs and sociodemographic factors, and the interrelationship between types of ACEs in adolescents of a Brazilian birth cohort. Data from 3,951 adolescents (78.4% of the original cohort) from the 1993 Pelotas Cohort were analyzed. Seven types of ACEs were assessed in those up to 18 years old: physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, domestic violence, parental separation and parental death. The most common ACE was parental separation (42%), followed by emotional neglect (19.7%) and domestic violence (10.3%). Approximately 85% of the adolescents experienced at least one ACE, and females reported a higher number of adversities. Several socioeconomic, demographic and family-related characteristics were associated with the occurrence of ACEs, e.g. non-white skin color, low family income, low maternal schooling, absence of mother's partner, maternal smoking, and poor maternal mental health. A strong interrelationship was observed among the ACEs, indicating clustering of risk. These aspects should be considered by health and social care professionals in the prevention and identification of childhood adversities
Especificidade e sensibilidade de rastreamento para lesÔes cutùneas pré-malignas e malignas
OBJECTIVE: The incidence of melanoma is increasing worldwide, prevalence of malignant epithelial tumors is high and early diagnosis reduces significantly the morbi-mortality of these diseases. The purpose of the study is to estimate the prevalence of pre-malignant and malignant skin lesions and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of screening tests. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out using 48 census tracts randomly selected from urban zone of southern, Brazil. A total of 2,112 dwellings were visited and 1,292 individuals aged 50 years or more were interviewed. The questionnaire consisted of specific questions about new skin lesions in the last six months and/or the presence of lesions on exposed areas. Those who answered affirmatively were referred to the university's outpatient clinic for medical skin examination (gold standard). For assessing specificity the same doctors investigated a sub-sample of those who replied negatively to the questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of pre-malignant and malignant skin lesions was 20.7%. The screening sensitivity was 20.1%, specificity 86.9%, positive predictive value 29%, negative predictive value 80.4%, and accuracy 72.9%. Using different cut-off points, the maximum sensitivity value was 38.8% and specificity remained almost the same. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed a high prevalence of skin lesions both pre-malignant and malignant in adults. Skin lesion screening revealed low sensitivity and unsatisfactory specificity, regardless the cut-off points set.OBJETIVO: O melanoma tem incidĂȘncia crescente, sendo que a prevalĂȘncia dos tumores malignos epiteliais Ă© alta, e o diagnĂłstico precoce contribui significativamente para a redução da morbimortalidade dessas doenças. O objetivo da pesquisa Ă© medir a prevalĂȘncia das lesĂ”es cutĂąneas prĂ©-malignas e malignas e determinar a sensibilidade e a especificidade de um rastreamento para essas lesĂ”es. MĂTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional com escolha aleatĂłria de 48 setores censitĂĄrios da zona urbana de Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Um total de 2.112 domicĂlios foram visitados, sendo entrevistadas 1.292 pessoas de 50 anos de idade ou mais. O rastreamento possuĂa questĂ”es especĂficas sobre o surgimento de lesĂ”es de pele nos Ășltimos seis meses e/ou a presença de lesĂ”es em ĂĄreas expostas. Os que responderam afirmativamente foram encaminhados ao exame mĂ©dico. TambĂ©m foi examinada uma subamostra daqueles que haviam respondido negativamente Ă s questĂ”es do rastreamento. RESULTADOS: A prevalĂȘncia corrigida das lesĂ”es cutĂąneas prĂ©-malignas e malignas foi de 20,7%. A sensibilidade do rastreamento foi de 20,1%, a especificidade, de 86,9%, o valor preditivo positivo, de 29%, o valor preditivo negativo, de 80,4%, e acurĂĄcia, de 72,9%. Com diferentes pontos de corte, o valor mĂĄximo da sensibilidade atingiu 38,8%, e a especificidade nĂŁo se alterou significativamente. CONCLUSĂES: O estudo demonstrou alta prevalĂȘncia de lesĂ”es cutĂąneas prĂ©-malignas e malignas em adultos. O rastreamento para essas lesĂ”es mostrou baixa sensibilidade e especificidade inferior ao desejado, independentemente dos pontos de corte
Fatores de risco para mortalidade perinatal em Pelotas, RS, 1993
INTRODUCTION: Although there was a considerable reduction in infant mortality in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul in the last decade, its perinatal causes were reduced only by 28%. The associated factors of these causes were analised. MATERIAL AND METHOD: All hospital births and perinatal deaths were assessed by daily visits to all the maternity hospitals in the city, throughout 1993 and including the first week of 1994. RESULTS: The perinatal mortality rate was 22.1 per thousand births. The multivariate analysis showed the following risk factors: low socioeconomic level, male sex and maternal age above 35 years . Among multigravidae women, the fetal mortality rate was significantly increased for mothers with a previously low birthweight and a previous stillbirth. For early neonatal mortality the risk was significantly increased by a smaller number of antenatal visits than 5 and low birthweight. CONCLUSIONS: Main risk factors for perinatal mortality: low socioeconomic level, maternal age above 35 years and male sex. For early neonatal mortality the risk was significantly increased by a smaller number of antenatal visits than 5 and low birthweight.INTRODUĂĂO: Apesar de importante redução da mortalidade infantil em Pelotas, RS, na Ășltima dĂ©cada, as causas perinatais foram reduzidas em apenas 28%. Analisou-se os principais fatores associados a essas causas. MATERIAL E MĂTODO: Todos os nascimentos hospitalares e Ăłbitos perinatais, em Pelotas, foram acompanhados atravĂ©s de visitas diĂĄrias aos hospitais, durante 1993 atĂ© a primeira semana de 1994. RESULTADOS: O coeficiente de mortalidade perinatal foi 22,1/1.000 nascimentos. A anĂĄlise multivariada apontou os seguintes fatores de risco: baixo nĂvel socioeconĂŽmico, sexo masculino e idade materna acima de 35 anos. Nas multĂparas, encontrou-se maior risco para a mortalidade fetal naquelas que relatavam baixo peso prĂ©vio e natimorto prĂ©vio. A mortalidade neonatal precoce esteve associada com nĂșmero de consultas prĂ©-natais inferior a 5 e baixo peso ao nascer. CONCLUSĂES: Principais fatores de risco para mortalidade perinatal: baixo nĂvel socioeconĂŽmico, idade materna elevada e sexo masculino. Para mortalidade neonatal precoce, o risco maior foi para consultas prĂ©-natai
Tuberculosis and airflow obstruction: evidence from the PLATINO study in Latin America
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between history of tuberculosis and airflow obstruction.A population-based, multicentre study was carried out and included 5,571 subjects aged >= 40 yrs living in one of five Latin American metropolitan areas: SĂŁo Paulo (Brazil); Montevideo (Uruguay); Mexico City (Mexico); Santiago (Chile); and Caracas (Venezuela). Subjects performed pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry and were asked whether they had ever been diagnosed with tuberculosis by a physician.The overall prevalence of airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity post-bronchodilator < 0.7) was 30.7% among those with a history of tuberculosis, compared with 13.9% among those without a history. Males with a medical history of tuberculosis were 4.1 times more likely to present airflow obstruction than those without such a diagnosis. This remained unchanged after adjustment for confounding by age, sex, schooling, ethnicity, smoking, exposure to dust and smoke, respiratory morbidity in childhood and current morbidity. Among females, the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were 2.3 and 1.7, respectively.In conclusion, history of tuberculosis is associated with airflow obstruction in Latin American middle-aged and older adults.Univ Fed Pelotas, BR-96020220 Pelotas, BrazilUniversidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo, SĂŁo Paulo, BrazilNatl Inst Resp Dis, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Republica, Montevideo, UruguayCatholic Univ Chile, Santiago, ChileCent Univ Venezuela, Caracas, VenezuelaUniversidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo, SĂŁo Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
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