Marco conceptual para el análisis de la gobernanza del agua en sistemas socio-ecológicos complejos : el caso de la cuenca del Río Mendoza

La comprensión de los procesos que conducen a mejoras en el manejo sustentable del recurso hídrico es limitada debido a que las disciplinas científicas utilizan diferentes conceptos y lenguajes para describir y explicar los complejos sistemas socio-ecológicos. Se necesita de un marco común clasificatorio que facilite y aúne los esfuerzos multidisciplinarios hacia su mejor comprensión. Se utiliza el marco conceptual diseñado por Elinor Ostrom para identificar diez variables del sistema socio-ecológico de la Cuenca del río Mendoza que pueden afectar la probabilidad de lograr una distribución del recurso lo más sustentable, eficiente y justa posible. Esta información puede ser de especial interés para los gestores del agua, hacedores de políticas, legisladores y ecologistas para su uso en el diseño de políticas dirigidas a mejorar la sustentabilidad de un sistema hídrico particular.Understanding of the processes that lead to improvements in the sustainable water resource management is limited, because scientific disciplines use different concepts and languages to describe and explain complex social-ecological systems. A common classificatory framework is needed to facilitate and combine multidisciplinary efforts towards better understanding of them. The general framework designed by Elinor Ostrom is used to identify ten variables of the social-ecological system of the Mendoza river basin that can affect the probability to achieve a sustainable, efficient and equality distribution of the resource. This information may be of particular use for water managers, policy makers, lawmakers, and ecologists in the design of policies aimed at improving the sustainability of a particular irrigation system.Fil: Farreras, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Salvador, Pablo F.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Elias, Guillermina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas.Fil: Marre, Mirta. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales.Fil: Ortega, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales.Fil: Stevanato, Ana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales

Ultra-light carbon nanotube sponge as an efficient electromagnetic shielding material in the GHz range

CVD synthesised CNT flexible sponge with density lower than 0.02 g cm⁻³ has been found to serve as high performance EMI shielding material without the aid of any polymer infiltration or impregnation. Due to its extreme lightweight, the specific SE of the CNT-sponge was found to be as high as 1100 dB cm³ g⁻¹, having a total SE above 20 dB in the whole 1-18 GHz range, and being able to shield by absorption. The material is the best of our knowledge this specific SE value appears to be the highest reported hitherto. Improved EM absorbers should fulfil the synergic requirements of being low reflective and highly absorptive. In our CNT-sponges this condition is not satisfied because, although their net absorption ability is strongly remarkable, their high electrical conductivity favours the wave to be reflected at the input interface. Therefore, this sponge material would have a great potential for microwave-frequency applications that need negligible reflection and great absorption when combined in a multilayered structure that could prevent the wave to be reflected at the input interface.This work was supported by Nanomod (MAT2010-17091) from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. MT acknowledges the financial support from the MURI project awards Nos. FA9550-12-1-0035 and FA9550-12-1-0471. MT also thanks JST-Japan for funding the Research Center for Exotic Nano Carbons, under the Japanese Regional Innovation Strategy Program by the Excellence

Inhibitory Effects of Antagonists of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) on Growth and Invasiveness of PC3 Human Prostate Cancer

New approaches are needed to the therapy of advanced prostate cancer. This study determined the effect of growth hormone- releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonists, JMR-132 and JV-1-38 on growth of PC3 tumors as well as on angiogenesis and metastasis through the evaluation of various factors that contribute largely to the progression of prostate cancer. Human PC3 androgen-independent prostate cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. The treatment with JMR-132 (10 ug/day) or JV-1-38 (20 ug/day) lasted 41 days. We also evaluated the effects of JMR-132 and JV-1-38 on proliferation, cell adhesion and migration in PC-3 cells in vitro. Several techniques (Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and zymography) were used to evaluate the expression levels of GHRH receptors and its splice variants, GHRH, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9, beta-catenin and E-cadherin. GHRH antagonists suppressed the proliferation of PC-3 cells in vitro and significantly inhibited growth of PC3 tumors. After treatment with these analogues, we found an increase in expression of GHRH receptor accompanied by a decrease of GHRH levels, a reduction in both VEGF and HIF-1alpha expression and in active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9, a significant increase in levels of membrane-associated ?-catenin and a significant decline in E-cadherin. These results support that the blockade of GHRH receptors can modulate elements involved in angiogenesis and metastasis. Consequently, GHRH antagonists could be considered as suitable candidates for therapeutic trials in the management of androgen-independent prostate cancer.Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La ManchaComunidad de MadridUniversidad de AlcaláMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovacio

Estimativa do volume total de madeira em espécies de eucalipto a partir de imagens de satélite Landsat

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987566Models relating spectral answers with biophysical parameters aim estimate variables, like wood volume, without the necessity of frequent field measurements. The objective was to develop models to estimate wood volume by Landsat 5 TM images, supported by regional forest inventory data. The image was geo-referenced and converted to spectral reflectance. After, the images-index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and SR (Simple Ratio) was generated. The reflectance values of the bands (TM1, TM2, TM3 e TM4 ) and of the indices (NDVI and SR) was related with the wood volume. The biggest correlation with volume was with the NDVI and SR indices. The variables selection was made by Stepwise method, which returned three regression models as significant to explain the variation in volume. Finally, the best fitted model was selected (volume = -830,95 + 46,05 (SR) + 107,47 (TM2)), which was applied on the Landsat image where the pixels had started to represent the estimated volume in m³/ha on the Eucalyptus sp. production units. This model, significant at 95% confidence level, explains 68% of the wood volume variation.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987566Modelos relacionando respostas espectrais com parâmetros biofísicos visam estimar variáveis, tais como volume de madeira, sem a necessidade de avaliações constantes em campo. Objetivou-se desenvolver modelos estimadores de volume de madeira a partir de imagens TM do Landsat 5, com base em dados de inventário florestal regional. A imagem foi georreferenciada e convertida para imagem reflectância espectral. Em seguida, foram geradas as imagens índice NDVI (índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada) e SR (razão simples). Os valores das reflectâncias das bandas (TM1, TM2, TM3 e TM4) e dos índices (NDVI e SR) foram relacionados com os volumes de madeira. As maiores correlações com volume foram com os índices NDVI e SR. A seleção de variáveis foi feita pelo método Stepwise, o qual retornou três modelos de regressão como significativos para explicar a variação em volume. Por fim, selecionou-se o modelo com melhor ajuste (volume = -830,95 + 46,05 × (SR) + 107,47 × (TM2)), o qual foi aplicado sobre a imagem Landsat onde os pixels passaram a representar o volume estimado em m3/ha nas unidades de produção de Eucalyptus sp. Este modelo, significativo ao nível de 95 % de confiança, explica 68 % da variação de volume de madeira

Un ejercicio de reflexividad sobre la experiencia de investigar expectativas y trayectorias estudiantiles en el último año de escuelas secundarias bonaerenses durante la pandemia

En este trabajo nos proponemos presentar algunas reflexiones emergentes a partir de la experiencia de investigar durante la pandemia en el marco de un proyecto en curso en torno a la articulación entre el nivel secundario y el superior[1], más específicamente sobre las expectativas y trayectorias estudiantiles en el último año de escuelas secundarias entre los años 2021- 2023. Siguiendo la definición de Rosana Guber (2004), este escrito propone un ejercicio de “reflexividad”; es decir, cómo la conciencia de quien investiga sobre su persona y sus condicionamientos sociales y políticos, en- tendidos como género, edad, pertenencia étnica, clase social, afiliación política (Dallaglio y Di Piero, 2018) influyen sobre la práctica de investigación. A los factores antes menciona- dos se suman, en el momento histórico que atravesamos, las condiciones epidemiológicas como un nuevo condicionante de la producción de conocimiento. Para ello, en primer lugar presentaremos sintéticamente el proyecto y luego, las decisiones que se tomaron para investigar en contexto de pandemia. Finalmente, exponemos algunas reflexiones sobre la práctica de investigación y su contextualización.Fil: Di Piero, María Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Causa, Matias Daniel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; ArgentinaFil: Elias, Valentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; ArgentinaFil: Garriga Olmo, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Marano, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Marchel, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; ArgentinaFil: Scalcini, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; ArgentinaFil: Torti, Bárbara. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentin

Effect of polysaccharide sources on the physicochemical properties of bromelainchitosan nanoparticles

Bromelain, a set of proteolytic enzymes potential pharmaceutical applications, was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles to enhance enzyme stability, and the effect of different chitosan sources was evaluated. Chitosan types (i.e., low molecular weight chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide lactate, and chitosan from shrimp shells) produced nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties, however in all cases, particle size and zeta potential decreased, and polydispersity index increased after bromelain addition. Bromelain encapsulation was higher than 84% and 79% for protein content and enzymatic activity, respectively, with low molecular weight chitosan presenting the highest encapsulation efficiency. Nanoparticle suspension was also tested for accelerated stability and rheological behavior. For the chitosan–bromelain nanoparticles, an instability index below 0.3 was recorded and, in general, the loading of bromelain in chitosan nanoparticles decreased the cohesiveness of the final suspension.This research was granted by FAPESP (2016/03444-5,2017/05275-9,and2017/05333-9), CNPq and FAEPEX, and by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT/MEC) through national funds, and co-financed by FEDER, under the project reference M-ERA-NET/0004/2015 (PAIRED) Partnership Agreement PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pediatric thyroid nodules: predictors of malignancy

Introducción: La caracterización de los nódulos tiroideos en pediatría no ha sido aún bien comunicada. El riesgo de malignidad es mayor que en adultos por lo que requieren una evaluación exhaustiva. Objetivo: caracterizar una cohorte de pacientes pediátricos con nódulos tiroideos e identificar predictores de malignidad. Pacientes y métodos: se analizaron los hallazgos demográficos, clínicos, bioquímicos, ecográficos y citológicos de una cohorte prospectiva de 106 pacientes 2,5mU/l, nódulo sólido, márgenes irregulares, microcalcificaciones y adenopatías cervicales patológicas. Un resultado citológico Bethesda V/VI tuvo un valor predictivo (VP) positivo de 87,5% y VP negativo de 96,4%. Conclusiones: El nódulo tiroideo en pediatría es más frecuentemente maligno. La evaluación sistemática permitió identificar ciertos hallazgos clínicos, bioquímicos, ecográficos y citológicos predictores de malignidad que deben ser considerados al decidir el enfoque diagnóstico.Introduction: Published data on pediatric thyroid nodule´s characterization is scarce. With higher risk of malignancy than in adults, they require an exhaustive diagnostic work-up. Objective: To characterize a pediatric cohort with thyroid nodules to identify predictors of malignancy. Patients and methods: Demographic, clinical, biochemical, ultrasonographical and cytological data were analyzed prospectively in 106 patients 2.5mU/l, solid nodules, irregular margins, microcalcifications and pathologic adenopathies. Cytological results Bethesda V/VI showed positive and negative predictive values of 87.5% and 96.4% respectively. Conclusions: Pediatric thyroid nodules are more frequently malignant. The systematic evaluation of our cohort allowed the identification of clinical, biochemical ultrasonographical and cytological predictors of malignancy that have to be considered when deciding the diagnostic approach.Fil: Papendieck, Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Fundación de Endocrinología Infantil. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada"; ArgentinaFil: Venara, Marcela Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Fundación de Endocrinología Infantil. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada"; ArgentinaFil: Elias, Eugenia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Cozzani, Hugo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Mateos, Fernanda. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez";; ArgentinaFil: Maglio, Silvana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Calcagno, María Luján. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Gruñeiro Papendieck, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Fundación de Endocrinología Infantil. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada"; ArgentinaFil: Bergadá, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Fundación de Endocrinología Infantil. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada"; ArgentinaFil: Chiesa, Ana Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Fundación de Endocrinología Infantil. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada"; Argentin

Evolução natural da acuidade auditiva e equilíbrio: uma revisão analítica: Natural Evolution of auditory acuity and balance: an analytical review

O presente estudo constrói uma análise crítica sobre o desenvolvimento da acuidade auditiva e os seus efeitos ao longo do processo evolutivo humano. Desse modo, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória com o intuito de formular uma síntese de informações sobre o eixo temático, apoiando-se na busca das literaturas. Para tanto, utilizou-se do método de pesquisa bibliográfica sistemática, tendo o auxílio da ferramenta de busca das bases de dados: U. S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scielo e Google acadêmico, dispondo-se do uso de revisões sistemáticas, artigos públicos completos e na língua portuguesa. Assim, o objetivo da obra se concentra na descrição, análise e reflexão sobre a importância de se ter a percepção auditiva ao longo da história das espécies, mais especificamente dos seres humanos. No ato da pesquisa, foi notório a escassez de artigos que abordam a evolução da audição e sua relação à aspectos primordiais no homem como no equilíbrio e postura. Por fim, mediante a observação do conteúdo investigado, o estudo indicou que o desenvolvimento das especificidades dos sentidos, em especial do ouvido, possibilitou a edificação do meio cívico contemporâneo, devido à sua capacidade em proporcionar o avanço do senso de orientação e de consciência em nível individual e grupal

Genomic complexity and IGHV mutational status are key predictors of outcome of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with TP53 disruption.

The clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is extremely heterogeneous and while some patients achieve a normal lifespan, others succumb to the disease shortly after diagnosis. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations as detected by chromosome banding analysis (CBA) or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) have a reproducible prognostic power in terms of response to therapy and survival.1–3 In particular, patients whose tumor cells harbor 17p deletions (17p-) are considered to have a shorter survival and, hence, high-risk CLL. This poor prognosis is, however, not universally true for all patients with 17p- CLL. Indeed, we and others have observed that some clinical-biological features, such as presence of B symptoms, advanced clinical stage, size of the 17p- clone, β2-microglobulin (β2M) concentration and IGH mutational status have a significant impact on the outcome of this subgroup of patients.4,5 Novel molecular studies have helped in the understanding of 17p- CLL. On one hand, TP53 mutations are present in more than 80% of cases with 17p deletion and in around 5% of patients without 17p deletion.6,7 On the other hand, next generation sequencing studies have revealed novel genetic aberrations such as NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations that have a negative impact on survival.8–10 Finally, genomic complexity, as defined by karyotyping1 or copy number (CN) arrays, has also been independently associated with disease transformation and poor outcome in patients with CLL.11,12 The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of concomitant molecular abnormalities in patients with CLL and TP53 aberrations as diagnosed by FISH, CBA or DNA sequencing