Pedagogical plan for the physiotherapy program of the University of Brasilia

INTRODUÇÃO: A visível exaustão do modelo tradicional na formação do fisioterapeuta, a proposição de um novo perfil profissional e a mudança na abordagem no processo saúde-doença, que passa a observar a funcionalidade, vem estimular a necessidade de novos projetos pedagógicos para o ensino da fisioterapia. Este deve incluir uma perspectiva de transformação social e econômica da população regional, nesse caso o da região administrativa de Ceilândia, no Distrito Federal. OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma proposta de projeto pedagógico para curso de graduação em fisioterapia, valorizando a formação focada na funcionalidade humana em cenários de prática profissional propostos pelo Sistema Único Saúde (SUS). RESULTADOS: O currículo está sendo construído numa perspectiva inovadora com propostas no âmbito geral (núcleos modo de vida, sistemas biológicos, instrumentalização em fisioterapia e cenários das práticas em fisioterapia); no âmbito específico (manutenção da saúde, processo saúde-doença, atenção à saúde, funcionalidade humana, processo permanente de formação); e no âmbito complementar (atividades de pesquisa e extensão). A proposta de projeto pedagógico foi pensada de forma a contemplar os objetivos gerais e específicos esperados, bem como dos perfis profissional e social. A indissociabilidade do ensino-pesquisa-extensão assume uma referência na relação professor-estudante pela compreensão das atividades de pesquisa e extensão como elementos fundamentais do processo ensino-aprendizagem vinculado à vivência no contexto real, concretizando a relação teoria e prática, e com foco no SUS. CONCLUSÃO: A diversificação das práticas no contexto do SUS inclui uma perspectiva de transformação social e econômica da população no cenário social e político do Distrito Federal. Nesse contexto, prioriza-se a formação do profissional fisioterapeuta generalista, reflexivo e crítico, envolvido desde o princípio com o atendimento à comunidade nos diferentes níveis de atenção, voltado aos aspectos da funcionalidade humana.INTRODUCTION: The visible exhaustion of the traditional teaching model for physiotherapy, along with a new professional profile and a change in the approach to the health-illness process (which has come to include functionality), has stimulated the need for new pedagogical projects for teaching physiotherapy. This should include a perspective of social and economic transformation of the regional population (in this case, the administrative region of Ceilândia, in the Federal District, Brasília, Brazil). OBJECTIVE: To present a pedagogical project for the undergraduate course in physiotherapy stressing education focused on human functionality in scenarios of professional practice,e proposed by the Brazilian public healthcare system. METHODS: The curriculum is being constructed in an innovating perspective with proposals regarding the general realm (lifestyle centers, biological systems, physiotherapy skills and scenarios of physiotherapy practices), specific realm (health maintenance, health-illness process, healthcare, human functionality, process of permanent education) and complementary realm (research and extension activities). RESULTS: The pedagogical project proposal was carried out in such a way as to complement the expected general and specific goals as well as professional and social profiles. The indissociability of teaching-research-extension presumes a reference in the professor-student relationship for the comprehension of research and extension activities as fundamental elements of the teaching-learning process linked to experience in the actual context, thereby concretizing the relationship between theory and practice, focusing on the public healthcare system. CONCLUSION: The diversification of practices in the context of the public healthcare system includes a perspective of social and economic transformation in the population within the social and political scenario of the Federal District. In this context, priority is given to the education/training of generalist, reflexive, critical physiotherapists, involved from the beginning with community service on different levels of healthcare, addressing aspects of human functionality in accordance with the needs of the Brazilian public healthcare system

Isolation of flavonoids from Anemopaegma arvense (Vell) Stellf. ex de Souza and their antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum

Anemopaegma arvense pertence à família Bignoniaceae, sendo conhecida popularmente como Catuaba. Para avaliação de sua atividade citotóxica e antimicrobiana, a fração cromatográfica F3 e os flavonoides 1 (quercetina 3-O-α-L-ramnopiranosil-(1→6)-β-D-glucopiranosídeo) (rutina) e flavonoide 2 (quercetina 3-O-α-L-ramnopiranosil-(1→6)-β-D-galactopiranosídeo) foram isolados das folhas de A. arvense. A fração 3 e os flavonoides não apresentaram atividade antibacteriana. Nenhuma atividade citotóxica foi observada para a fração F3 e para os flavonoides, quando avaliados contra as células tumorais em teste. Entretanto, e considerando a atividade antifúngica, o flavonóide 1 apresentou valor de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de 0,5 mg/mL, enquanto o flavonóide 2, CIM de 0,25 mg/mL contra as cepas selvagem e mutante de Trichophyton rubrum, demonstrando, pela primeira vez, que os flavonoides isolados possuem atividade antifúngica, o que valida a mesma atividade para A. arvense.Anemopaegma arvense (Vell) Stellf. ex de Souza belongs to the family Bignoniaceae, and is popularly known as catuaba. To evaluate the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of A. arvense, fraction F3 and flavonoids 1 (quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside) (rutin) and flavonoid 2 (quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside) were isolated from the leaves of this plant. Fraction F3 and flavonoids 1 and 2 exhibited no antibacterial activity. Furthermore, no cytotoxic activity of fraction 3 or flavonoids 1 and 2 was observed against the tumor cells tested. However, analysis of the antifungal activity of flavonoids 1 and 2 revealed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively, against the Trichophyton rubrum strains tested (wild type and mutant). This study demonstrates for the first time the antifungal activity of isolated flavonoids, validating the same activity for A. arvense

Transcriptional profiles of the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mycelium and yeast cells

This work was supported by MCT, CNPq, CAPES, FUB, UFG, and FUNDECT-MS. PbGenome Network: Alda Maria T. Ferreira, Alessandra Dantas, Alessandra J. Baptista, Alexandre M. Bailão, Ana Lídia Bonato, André C. Amaral, Bruno S. Daher, Camila M. Silva, Christiane S. Costa, Clayton L. Borges, Cléber O. Soares, Cristina M. Junta, Daniel A. S. Anjos, Edans F. O. Sandes, Eduardo A. Donadi, Elza T. Sakamoto-Hojo, Flábio R. Araújo, Flávia C. Albuquerque, Gina C. Oliveira, João Ricardo M. Almeida, Juliana C. Oliveira, Kláudia G. Jorge, Larissa Fernandes, Lorena S. Derengowski, Luís Artur M. Bataus, Marcus A. M. Araújo, Marcus K. Inoue, Marlene T. De-Souza, Mauro F. Almeida, Nádia S. Parachin, Nadya S. Castro, Odair P. Martins, Patrícia L. N. Costa, Paula Sandrin-Garcia, Renata B. A. Soares, Stephano S. Mello, and Viviane C. B. ReisParacoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease that affects 10 million individuals in Latin America. This report depicts the results of the analysis of 6,022 assembled groups from mycelium and yeast phase expressed sequence tags, covering about 80% of the estimated genome of this dimorphic, thermo-regulated fungus. The data provide a comprehensive view of the fungal metabolism, including overexpressed transcripts, stage-specific genes, and also those that are up- or down-regulated as assessed by in silico electronic subtraction and cDNA microarrays. Also, a significant differential expression pattern in mycelium and yeast cells was detected, which was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, providing insights into differential metabolic adaptations. The overall transcriptome analysis provided information about sequences related to the cell cycle, stress response, drug resistance, and signal transduction pathways of the pathogen. Novel P. brasiliensis genes have been identified, probably corresponding to proteins that should be addressed as virulence factor candidates and potential new drug targets

The Transcriptional Regulation of Genes Involved in the Immune Innate Response of Keratinocytes Co-Cultured with <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Reveals Important Roles of Cytokine GM-CSF

Trichophyton rubrum is the most causative agent of dermatophytosis worldwide. The keratinocytes are the first line of defense during infection, triggering immunomodulatory responses. Previous dual RNA-seq data showed the upregulation of several human genes involved in immune response and epithelial barrier integrity during the co-culture of HaCat cells with T. rubrum. This work evaluates the transcriptional response of this set of genes during the co-culture of HaCat with different stages of T. rubrum conidia development and viability. Our results show that the developmental stage of fungal conidia and their viability interfere with the transcriptional regulation of innate immunity genes. The CSF2 gene encoding the cytokine GM-CSF is the most overexpressed, and we report for the first time that CSF2 expression is contact and conidial-viability-dependent during infection. In contrast, CSF2 transcripts and GM-CSF secretion levels were observed when HaCat cells were challenged with bacterial LPS. Furthermore, the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was dependent on the conidia developmental stage. Thus, we suggest that the viability and developmental stage of fungal conidia interfere with the transcriptional patterns of genes encoding immunomodulatory proteins in human keratinocytes with regard to important roles of GM-CSF during infection

Pharmacological characterisation of anticonvulsant effects elicited by erythrartine

International audienceOBJECTIVES: The erythrinan alkaloids erythravine and 11α-hydroxy-erythravine from Erythrina verna (Vell.) have been extensively investigated for their anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects. Both are structurally similar to the erythrartine that also exhibit anxiolytic effects, but there is no report on its anticonvulsant potential. Since some anxiolytic drugs can be useful in the management of epileptic seizures, we investigated whether erythrartine could prevent seizures induced by different chemoconvulsants. METHODS: Experiments were performed using different concentrations of erythrartine injected via intracerebroventricular in rats submitted to pilocarpine, kainic acid, pentylenetetrazol or picrotoxin-induced seizures. Moreover, the rotarod test was performed to verify the effects of erythrartine on animal motor coordination. RESULTS: Our data showed for the first time that erythrartine prevented the occurrence of seizures induced by all of the chemoconvulsants tested and did not affect locomotor performance neither produced sedative effect on animals. CONCLUSION: Obtained results validate the ethnopharmacological significance of E. verna and provide new information on erythrartine, another erythrinian alkaloid of biotechnological and medicinal interest

Gene Expression Response of Trichophyton rubrum during Coculture on Keratinocytes Exposed to Antifungal Agents

Trichophyton rubrum is the most common causative agent of dermatomycoses worldwide, causing infection in the stratum corneum, nails, and hair. Despite the high prevalence of these infections, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the fungal-host interaction, particularly during antifungal treatment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the gene expression of T. rubrum cocultured with keratinocytes and treated with the flavonoid trans-chalcone and the glycoalkaloid α-solanine. Both substances showed a marked antifungal activity against T. rubrum strain CBS (MIC = 1.15 and 17.8 µg/mL, resp.). Cytotoxicity assay against HaCaT cells produced IC50 values of 44.18 to trans-chalcone and 61.60 µM to α-solanine. The interaction of keratinocytes with T. rubrum conidia upregulated the expression of genes involved in the glyoxylate cycle, ergosterol synthesis, and genes encoding proteases but downregulated the ABC transporter TruMDR2 gene. However, both antifungals downregulated the ERG1 and ERG11, metalloprotease 4, serine proteinase, and TruMDR2 genes. Furthermore, the trans-chalcone downregulated the genes involved in the glyoxylate pathway, isocitrate lyase, and citrate synthase. Considering the urgent need for more efficient and safer antifungals, these results contribute to a better understanding of fungal-host interactions and to the discovery of new antifungal targets

Electrophoretic molecular karyotype of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

The electrophoretic karyotype of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum was established using contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis. Five chromosomal bands of approximately 3.0 to 5.8 megabase pairs (Mbp) each were observed and together indicated that 22.05 Mbp of the total genome are organized as chromosomal macromolecules. In addition to establishing the number and size of T. rubrum chromosomes, these results open perspectives for the construction of chromosome-specific libraries and for the physical mapping of genes of interest, thus permitting future gene linkage studies in this pathogen. A detailed understanding of the karyotype and genomic organization of T. rubrum should contribute to further genetic, taxonomic and epidemiological studies of this dermatophyte

Trans-chalcone suppresses tumor growth mediated at least in part by the induction of heme oxygenase-1 in breast cancer

Despite intensive research efforts in recent decades, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. The chalcone family is a promising group of phytochemicals for therapeutic use against cancer development. Naturally-occurring chalcones, as well as synthetic chalcone analogues, have shown many beneficial biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities. In this report, trans-chalcone (TChal) was found to increase cell death in breast cancer cells, assessed using high content screening. Subsequently, using antibody array analysis, TChal was found to increase heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in TChal-treated breast cancer cells. Blocking of HO-1 by siRNA in breast cancer cells diminished the effect of TChal on cell growth inhibition. TChal-fed mice also showed less tumor growth compared to vehicle-fed mice. Overall, we found that TChal increases HO-1 expression in breast cancer cells, thereby enhancing anti-tumorigenesis. Our results suggest that HO-1 expression could be a potential new target of TChal for anti-tumorigenesis in breast cancer.N