Cooperação no âmbito do ensino superior: ser estudante angolano em universidades portuguesas Cooperative policies in higher learning: being an Angolan student at Portuguese universities

No presente artigo desenvolver-se-á uma análise sobre o lugar desempenhado por Portugal na formação escolar superior de estudantes angolanos, procurando dar conta dos aspectos simbólicos, afectivos, culturais e económicos subjacentes a essa escolha. A análise incidirá, ainda, sobre uma caracterização sociológica das trajectórias educacionais e socioeconómicas das suas famílias, e destas por relação com a estrutura social angolana em situação de mudança. Procurará ainda cruzar a trajectória dessas famílias e o valor atribuído ao capital escolar com a trajectória de Angola e o investimento no ensino, desde o período da independência. Esta caracterização, quer dos estudantes quer das famílias, far-se-á igualmente por relação com outras situações sociais, por esses grupos entendidas como "outras". Nesta última abordagem, procurar-se-á analisar a forma como esses estudantes representam as "elites no poder" e, ainda, como essa representação interfere nas suas expectativas em relação ao futuro, nomeadamente no que se refere ao retorno ao seu país.<br>The author analyses Angolan students' higher education while studying in Portugal, by taking into account the symbolic, affective, cultural and economic aspects influencing the choice of studying that country. The analysis will also characterize educational and socio-economic routes defined by the students' families, as well as their relations to the current social changes taking place in Angola. One of these changes is the increased value given to higher education, specifically after independence. The national intervention in this area is related to the families' investment in a dialectic discussion between short-term individual actions and long-term structural changes. It is hypothesized that the value given to education depends on individual socio-economic and political positions. This idea is reinforced by the analysis of the way students interviewed conceive other groups of students who chose other countries for higher education, as well as the way they see themselves in relation to the current Angolan elite. Finally we discuss how they see their future and their expectations concerning their return to Angola, after obtaining their diploma

Consumo voluntário e digestibilidade de fenos triturados de gramíneas tropicais em caprinos Intake and apparent digestibility of chopped grass hays fed to goats

Objetivou-se determinar o consumo voluntário e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes de fenos triturados de milheto, sorgo sudanense, capim-elefante e cultivares de sorgo forrageiro SF-25 e IPA-467-4-2 em caprinos. Utilizaram-se 25 animais (18 meses de idade e 19,5 kg de PV inicial) distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os consumos de MS (CMS) e MO (CMO), quando expressos em porcentagem de peso vivo (%PV), não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. O CMS representou, respectivamente, 2,41; 2,33; 2,25; 1,82 e 1,85% do PV dos caprinos. Os consumos voluntários de PB (%PV) evidenciaram diferenças significativas para os fenos de milheto e sorgo sudanense, que foram superiores aos de capim-elefante e aos dos sorgos SF-25 e IPA-467-4-2. Os consumos de FDN não diferiram entre os fenos e variaram de 236,14 a 322,10 g/dia, representando 1,25 a 1,61% do PV dos caprinos. A digestibilidade aparente da MS dos fenos não sofreu influência significativa e variou de 49,87 a 55,90%. Para a digestibilidade da PB (DPB), não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre os fenos de milheto, sorgo sudanense, capim-elefante e sorgo SF-25. A digestibilidade da FDN (DFDN), no entanto, apresentou variação significativa entre os fenos do milheto (64,44%) e sorgo IPA-467-4-2 (54,72%). Os valores de digestibilidade, indicativos de qualidade, dos fenos triturados das cinco gramíneas foram aproximados e as diferenças requerem a realização de ensaios de desempenho para suas comprovações.<br>The objective of this trial was to investigate intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients on goats fed one of the following chopped grass hays: pearl millet (PMH), sudangrass (SH), elephantgrass (EH) or two cultivars of forage sorghum (FSH1 and FSH2). Twenty-five goats averaging 18 months of age and 19.5 kg of body weight were assigned to a completely randomized block design with five treatments and five replicates. DM intake (DMI), expressed as percentage of body weight (% BW), did not differ and averaged 2.41, 2.33, 2.25, 1.82, and 1.85%, respectively, for PMH, SH, EH, FSH1, and FSH2. The same was observed for the intakes of OM and NDF. However, CP intake as % BW was greater on goats fed PMH and SH than on those fed EH, FSH1, and FSH2. No significant differences were observed for the apparent total tract digestibility of DM that varied from 49.87 to 55.90% across hays. CP digestibility was lowest on FSH2, intermediate on SH and FSH1, and greatest on PMH and EH while that of NDF differed significantly only by comparing PMH (64.44%) with FSH2 (54.72%). It can be concluded that the overall nutritional quality of all five hays were similar and further research is required to verify potential differences in animal performance among these forage sources

Clinical and genetic characteristics of late-onset Huntington's disease

Background: The frequency of late-onset Huntington's disease (&gt;59 years) is assumed to be low and the clinical course milder. However, previous literature on late-onset disease is scarce and inconclusive. Objective: Our aim is to study clinical characteristics of late-onset compared to common-onset HD patients in a large cohort of HD patients from the Registry database. Methods: Participants with late- and common-onset (30–50 years)were compared for first clinical symptoms, disease progression, CAG repeat size and family history. Participants with a missing CAG repeat size, a repeat size of ≤35 or a UHDRS motor score of ≤5 were excluded. Results: Of 6007 eligible participants, 687 had late-onset (11.4%) and 3216 (53.5%) common-onset HD. Late-onset (n = 577) had significantly more gait and balance problems as first symptom compared to common-onset (n = 2408) (P &lt;.001). Overall motor and cognitive performance (P &lt;.001) were worse, however only disease motor progression was slower (coefficient, −0.58; SE 0.16; P &lt;.001) compared to the common-onset group. Repeat size was significantly lower in the late-onset (n = 40.8; SD 1.6) compared to common-onset (n = 44.4; SD 2.8) (P &lt;.001). Fewer late-onset patients (n = 451) had a positive family history compared to common-onset (n = 2940) (P &lt;.001). Conclusions: Late-onset patients present more frequently with gait and balance problems as first symptom, and disease progression is not milder compared to common-onset HD patients apart from motor progression. The family history is likely to be negative, which might make diagnosing HD more difficult in this population. However, the balance and gait problems might be helpful in diagnosing HD in elderly patients