Unveiling inoculum sources of black foot pathogens in a commercial grapevine nursery

Black foot of grapevine is an important disease caused primarily by Ilyonectria spp. and “Cylindrocarpon” pauciseptatum. These pathogens affect grapevine nurseries and young vineyards, causing the decline and death of plants. In the nursery, the primary infections of the grafted cuttings are mainly attributed to soil-borne inoculum, which could infect the roots and the basal end of rootstocks during the rooting stage. The aim of this research was to detect other possible sources of inoculum throughout the different nursery stages by classical and molecular techniques (nested-PCR and multiplex nested-PCR). Results revealed the presence of the I. liriodendri and/or I. macrodidyma complex in grapevine rootstock and scion cuttings, cutting tools, water from hydration tanks, well water, callusing medium, one indoor air sample and soils collected from mother fields and nurseries. “Cylindrocarpon” pauciseptatum was only detected in the callusing medium, nursery soils, rooted-graftlings and on the root pruning machine. Forty four isolates obtained from soils (mother fields and nurseries) and rooted graftlings (six grapevine cultivar/rootstock combinations) were sequenced for part of histone H3 gene to resolve the species. While I. liriodendri, I. macrodidyma and I. torresensis were identified from soil samples, from rooted graftlings it was also possible to detect I. liriodendri, I. macrodidyma, I. novozelandica, I. torresensis, Ilyonectria sp. 2, “C.“ pauciseptatum and four Ilyonectria isolates which are close to I. cyclaminicola. The results demonstrated that, in addition to nursery soils, mother field soils, rootstock and scion cuttings, water from wells and hydration tanks, callusing media, cutting tools and indoor air should be considered as potential sources of inoculum for black foot pathogens

Testicular vasculitis: a rare manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis

Testicular vasculitis is a very rare extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We describe the case of a 53-year-old man diagnosed with RA for eight years, who was poorly controlled and developed rheumatoid vasculitis, which manifested as leg ulcers and peripheral polyneuropathy. The patient also had acute neutrophilic meningitis and was treated with antibiotics and intravenous pulse therapy with methylprednisolone (500 mg daily) for three days, followed by oral cyclophosphamide (2 mg/kg daily) and prednisone. Overall improvement was observed, and the patient was discharged. But 15 days later, the meningitis recurred, and the patient was readmitted and treated again with antibiotics. Three days later, he developed pain and enlargement of his left testicle with gangrene. Unilateral orchiectomy was performed, revealing lymphocytic vasculitis. The patient died two days later due to aspiration pneumonia. This case illustrates a rare and severe manifestation of rheumatoid vasculitis.A vasculite testicular é uma manifestação extra-articular muito rara da artrite reumatoide (AR). Descrevemos o caso de um homem de 53 anos com diagnóstico de AR por oito anos, sem controle adequado da doença. O paciente desenvolveu vasculite reumatoide, manifestada por úlceras de membros inferiores e neuropatia periférica. Apresentou ainda meningite neutrofílica aguda, tendo sido tratado com antibióticos e posterior pulsoterapia endovenosa com metilprednisolona (500 mg/dia) por três dias, seguida de ciclofosfamida (2 mg/kg/ dia) e prednisona orais. O paciente apresentou melhora do quadro, mas 15 dias após a alta hospitalar, houve reativação da meningite bacteriana. O paciente foi reinternado e tratado novamente com antibióticos. Três dias depois da segunda admissão hospitalar, o paciente apresentou dor, aumento de volume do testículo esquerdo e posteriormente gangrena. Foi realizada orquiectomia unilateral e o exame anatomopatológico revelou vasculite linfocítica. O paciente faleceu dois dias após a cirurgia devido a pneumonia aspirativa. Esse caso ilustra a vasculite testicular como uma manifestação rara e grave da vasculite reumatoide.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Guided Endodontics in Complex Scenarios of Calcified Molars

This study aimed to report a case series and describe the use of guided endodontics in complex symptomatic cases of mandibular and maxillary molars; presenting calcification of all three root canals. The arches of the referred patients were scanned, and high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging was performed. Then, the taken CBCT and tooth scans were aligned and processed using software. A virtual copy of a drill was superimposed onto the scans and evaluated in 3 dimensions. Subsequently, a 3-dimensional (3D) template was designed and printed. Drilling was performed and a radiograph was taken to confirm its position. The canals were reached and endodontic treatment was performed. At the 12-month follow-up, the teeth were completely asymptomatic. The use of guided endodontics _in cases of calcification in molars_ was demonstrated to be a viable and reliable alternative treatment. The technique was based on 3D planning.Keywords: Access Opening; Apical Periodontitis; Dental Trauma; Guided Endodontics; Pulp Canal Calcification

Monocyte subsets and monocyte-related chemokines in Takayasu arteritis

The pathogenesis of Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is poorly understood and no previous studies have analyzed monocytes in TAK. This study evaluated monocyte subsets and monocyte-related chemokines in the peripheral blood of TAK patients and healthy controls (HC). Monocyte subsets were identified as classical (CD14+CD16−), intermediate (CD14+CD16dim), and non-classical (CD14dimCD16high) in the peripheral blood. The chemokines CCL (C–C chemokine ligand)2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, CXCL (C-X-C motif ligand)10, and CX3CL (C-X3-C motif ligand)1 were measured in the sera. Thirty-two TAK patients and 30 HC were evaluated. Intermediate monocytes were higher in TAK than HC [25.0 cells ×106/L (16.7–52.0) vs. 17.2 cells ×106/L (9.2–25.3); p = 0.014]. Active disease was associated with monocytosis (p = 0.004), increased classical (p = 0.003), and intermediate (p &lt; 0.001) subsets than HC. Prednisone reduced the percentage of non-classical monocytes (p = 0.011). TAK patients had lower CCL3 (p = 0.033) and CCL4 (p = 0.023) levels than HC, whereas CCL22 levels were higher in active TAK compared to the remission state (p = 0.008). Glucocorticoids were associated with lower CXCL10 levels (p = 0.012). In TAK, CCL4 correlated with total (Rho = 0.489; p = 0.005), classical and intermediate monocytes (Rho = 0.448; p = 0.010 and Rho = 0.412; p = 0.019). In conclusion, TAK is associated with altered counts of monocyte subsets in the peripheral blood compared to HC and CCL22 is the chemokine with the strongest association with active disease in TAK.</p

Association of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease with dermatomyositis and psoriasis: case report

CONTEXT: Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody syndrome is characterized by deposition of anti-GBM antibodies on affected tissues, associated with glomerulonephritis and/or pulmonary involvement. This syndrome has been described in association with other autoimmune disorders, but as far as we know, it has not been described in association with dermatomyositis and psoriasis. CASE REPORT: A 51-year-old man with a history of dermatomyositis and vulgar psoriasis presented with a condition of sensitive-motor polyneuropathy of the hands and feet, weight loss of 4 kg, malaise and fever. On admission, he had been making chronic use of cyclosporin and antihypertensive drugs for three months because of mild arterial hypertension. Laboratory tests showed anemia and leukocytosis, elevated serum urea and creatinine and urine presenting proteinuria, hematuria, leukocyturia and granular casts. The 24-hour proteinuria was 2.3 g. Renal biopsy showed crescentic necrotizing glomerulonephritis with linear immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits on the glomerular basement membrane by means of direct immunofluorescence, which were suggestive of anti-GBM antibodies. The patient was then treated initially with methylprednisolone and with monthly cyclophosphamide in the form of pulse therapy

Characterization of two new rhabdoviruses isolated from midges (Culicoides SPP) in the Brazilian Amazon: proposed members of a new genus, Bracorhabdovirus

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Patholoogy and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Galveston, TX, USA.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Itacaiunas and Curionopolis viruses were isolated from Culicoides midges in Parauapebas municipality, Para state, Brazil, in 1984 and 1985, respectively. Itacaiunas virus infected newborn mice and mosquito cells (C6/36), but did not replicate in some mammalian cell lineages; while Curionopolis virus infected only mice. Neither virus showed a serological relationship with any of the 195 known arboviruses circulating in Brazil, nor against 38 other rhabdoviruses isolated worldwide. Both virus particles are bullet-shaped and similar in morphology to that observed for other members of the family Rhabdoviridae. Partial nucleotide sequencing of the N protein showed that those two viruses constitute a separate clade in the family Rhabdoviridae, which we propose to be a new genus, designated Bracorhabdoviru

Co-infection of Peruvian horse sickness virus and West Nile virus associated with neurological diseases in horses from Brazil

The Secretariat of Health of Venécia Municipality , Secretariat of Health of Espírito Santo state , Evandro Chagas Institute and Ministry of Health of Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Secretariat of Health of Espírito Santo state. Vitória, ES, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Secretariat of Health of Espírito Santo state. Vitória, ES, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Secretariat of Health of Espírito Santo state. Vitória, ES, Brazil.Secretariat of Health of Venécia Municipality. Venécia, ES, Brazil.Canterbury Health Laboratories. Microbiology Department. New Zealand.Secretariat of Health of Espírito Santo state. Vitória, ES, Brazil.Ministry of Health. Health Surveillance Secretariate. Brasília, DF, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.In 2018, during the surveillance for West Nile virus (WNV) in horses with neurological clinical signs in the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil), 19 animals were investigated, and 52 biological samples were collected for WNV diagnostic. One brain sample was positive for WNV by RT-qPCR and the virus was isolated in C6/36 cell culture and sequenced. We obtained a nearly complete genome of WNV co-infected with Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV) in the cell culture. After confirmation of PHSV by next-generation sequencing, a new PHSV RT-qPCR protocol was developed, which was used to detect another horse positive only for PHSV. This assay provides a simple and direct method for easy identification of PHSV from biological samples from horses and may become a useful tool in the epidemiological surveillance of this virus. It is the first case of PHSV in Brazil, and only the third country overall to report, 23 years after the first confirmed notification in Peru. Moreover, it is the first reported co-infection of PHSV and WNV in a horse with neurological signs, confirmed by RT-qPCR