Longevity of strategic alliances between competitors: A dynamic value creation approach

Strategic alliances (SAs) present both a high value creation potential as well as entailing high management costs. Research on SA duration has generally focused on factors that affect management costs. The underlying logic in these papers is that factors that increase management costs reduce the likelihood of SA survival and, therefore, SA longevity. The basic assumption is that these factors do not affect the rent-generating potential of the SA. However, we argue that certain factors that increase management costs also increase the rent-generating potential. In particular, this is the case in SAs between competitors. This view complements that of SAs between competitors as learning races. The purpose of the present paper is to shed light on the question of how the fact that the partners in a SA are competitors affects the SA's chances of survival and its longevity.Strategic alliances; value creation;

Cooperation, competition and the longevity of stakes in joint ventures: A value creation approach

This research used a transaction value perspective (Zajac and Olsen, 1993; Madhok and Tallman, 1998) to examine the impact of competitive and cooperative forces on joint venture (JV) duration. We argue that some factors increasing the management cost of the JV may also increase its value potential. Such factors include whether the partners are direct competitors, and whether their nationality is the same. Findings from a survey study provided support for all of our hypothesesCooperation; joint ventures; competition;

More than two are a crowd. Different paths to effectiveness in dyadic and multi-party joint ventures

Using data from 87 joint venture (JV) experiences, we compared the effectiveness of dyadic and multi-party JVs. We show that dyadic JVs are more effective than multi-party ones, and that the conditions resulting in an enhanced effectiveness differ for the two groups: while relational embeddedness significantly influences the effectiveness of dyadic JVs, monitoring mechanisms are pivotal in the case of multi-party JVs.joint venture;

Carbon Xerogels: The Bespoke Nanoporous Carbons

This chapter focuses on the main features of resorcinol-formaldehyde–based carbon xerogels. The first part of the chapter discusses ways of synthesizing these materials and the different variables involved. Then a review of the ways in which the meso- and macroporosity of organic xerogels can be controlled by adjusting the synthesis conditions is undertaken. Special attention is paid to the pH and components of the precursor solution and how these variables are interrelated with each other. The formation of the microporosity during the carbonization or activation processes that give rise to the carbon xerogels is also briefly discussed. Besides the fact that the porosity of these materials can be tailored during the synthesis, another notable characteristic is that, compared with most porous carbons, they possess a relatively high electrical conductivity, which make them ideal materials for use as electrodes in energy storage devices. Their use in supercapacitors and in lithium ion batteries is addressed in the last part of the chapter

Research efficiency assessment of colombian public universities 2003-2012 data envelopment analysis

In 2003, the process of public universities evaluation began. For this purpose, a set of performance indicators constructed by the Public University System (SUE by its acronym in Spanish) in alliance with the Ministry of National Education (MEN) was used. In an effort to know about the research efficiency level that pu-blic universities had in the period 2003-2012, an analy-sis of the results of these indicators was executed using Data Envelopment Analysis. In particular, the product-oriented CCR model was applied. Although many univer-sities have experienced a sustained development in some of the indicators analyzed and show high relative levels of efficiency, the results show that, as a whole, the Public University System has still much to improve regarding its scientific mission, especially, those aspects related to graduate programs and scientific journalsEn el año 2003 se inició el proceso de eva-luación de las universidades públicas colombianas uti-lizando un conjunto de indicadores de gestión construi-dos por el Sistema de Universidades Estatales (SUE) conjuntamente con el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN). Con el ánimo de conocer la eficiencia en investi-gación que han tenido las universidades públicas en el periodo 2003-2012 se realizó un análisis de los resulta-dos de los indicadores utilizando el Análisis Envolvente de Datos. Se aplicó el modelo CCR orientado a los pro-ductos. A pesar de que muchas universidades han expe-rimentado un desarrollo sostenido en algunos de los indi-cadores analizados y muestran niveles relativos altos de eficiencia, los resultados muestran que, en su conjunto, el Sistema Universitario Estatal tiene mucho que mejorar en su misión científica, en particular en lo relacionado con los programas de posgrado y producción de revista

Evaluación de la eficiencia investigativa de las universidades públicas colombianas 2003-2012 utilizando el análisis envolvente de datos

In 2003, the process of public universities evaluation began. For this purpose, a set of performance indicators constructed by the Public University System (SUE by its acronym in Spanish) in alliance with the Ministry of National Education (MEN) was used. In an effort to know about the research efficiency level that public universities had in the period 2003-2012, an analysis of the results of these indicators was executed using Data Envelopment Analysis. In particular, the product-oriented CCR model was applied.  Although many universities have experienced a sustained development in some of the indicators analyzed and show high relative levels of efficiency, the results show that, as a whole, the Public University System has still much to improve regarding its scientific mission, especially, those aspects related to graduate programs and scientific journals.En el año 2003 se inició el proceso de evaluación de las universidades públicas colombianas utilizando un conjunto de indicadores de gestión construidos por el Sistema de Universidades Estatales (SUE) conjuntamente con el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN). Con el ánimo de conocer la eficiencia en investigación que han tenido las universidades públicas en el periodo 2003-2012 se realizó un análisis de los resultados de los indicadores utilizando el Análisis Envolvente de Datos. Se aplicó el modelo CCR orientado a los productos. A pesar de que muchas universidades han experimentado un desarrollo sostenido en algunos de los indicadores analizados y muestran niveles relativos altos de eficiencia, los resultados muestran que, en su conjunto, el Sistema Universitario Estatal tiene mucho que mejorar en su misión científica, en particular en lo relacionado con los programas de posgrado y producción de revistas

Research efficiency assessment of colombian public universities 2003-2012 data envelopment analysis

In 2003, the process of public universities evaluation began. For this purpose, a set of performance indicators constructed by the Public University System (SUE by its acronym in Spanish) in alliance with the Ministry of National Education (MEN) was used. In an effort to know about the research efficiency level that pu-blic universities had in the period 2003-2012, an analy-sis of the results of these indicators was executed using Data Envelopment Analysis. In particular, the product-oriented CCR model was applied. Although many univer-sities have experienced a sustained development in some of the indicators analyzed and show high relative levels of efficiency, the results show that, as a whole, the Public University System has still much to improve regarding its scientific mission, especially, those aspects related to graduate programs and scientific journalsEn el año 2003 se inició el proceso de eva-luación de las universidades públicas colombianas uti-lizando un conjunto de indicadores de gestión construi-dos por el Sistema de Universidades Estatales (SUE) conjuntamente con el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN). Con el ánimo de conocer la eficiencia en investi-gación que han tenido las universidades públicas en el periodo 2003-2012 se realizó un análisis de los resulta-dos de los indicadores utilizando el Análisis Envolvente de Datos. Se aplicó el modelo CCR orientado a los pro-ductos. A pesar de que muchas universidades han expe-rimentado un desarrollo sostenido en algunos de los indi-cadores analizados y muestran niveles relativos altos de eficiencia, los resultados muestran que, en su conjunto, el Sistema Universitario Estatal tiene mucho que mejorar en su misión científica, en particular en lo relacionado con los programas de posgrado y producción de revista

Lightweight protection of cryptographic hardware accelerators against differential fault analysis

© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Hardware acceleration circuits for cryptographic algorithms are largely deployed in a wide range of products. The HW implementations of such algorithms often suffer from a number of vulnerabilities that expose systems to several attacks, e.g., differential fault analysis (DFA). The challenge for designers is to protect cryptographic accelerators in a cost-effective and power-efficient way. In this paper, we propose a lightweight technique for protecting hardware accelerators implementing AES and SHA-2 (which are two widely used NIST standards) against DFA. The proposed technique exploits partial redundancy to first detect the occurrence of a fault and then to react to the attack by obfuscating the output values. An experimental campaign demonstrated that the overhead introduced is 8.32% for AES and 3.88% for SHA-2 in terms of area, 0.81% for AES and 12.31% for SHA-2 in terms of power with no working frequency reduction. Moreover, a comparative analysis showed that our proposal outperforms the most recent related countermeasures.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Grupamento filogenético baseado em PCR triplex de Escherichia coli multiresistentes de origem ambiental, humana e animal

Escherichia coli is widely used as a biological indicator of faecal contamination due to its ubiquity in faecal material, however, it may have the ability to persist and multiply in environments outside its primary habitat. The genetic substructure in E. coli can be determined on the presence/absence of the the genes chuA and yjaA and a DNA fragment TspE4.C2 based on this method the strains could be assigned to the phylogroups A, B1, B2 or D. This study aimed to carry out phylogenetic affiliation of multiresistant E. coli strains from environmental, animal and human samples using the triplex PCR method. Animal and human-origin isolates were associated with a broader multiresistant profile (7 to 13 antimicrobials) and to Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production. Phylogroup determination demonstrated that B1 (49%) and A (34%) phylogroups were the most prevalent; D (11%) and B2 (6%) were less representative. Phylogroups A and B1 were also related to a broader multiresistant profile. According to the data obtained, the isolates in this study, even the enviromental ones, were associated with human and animal commensal microbiota and not to strains responsible for extra-intestinal infections and had previously been exposed to broad-spectrum antimicrobials.A bactéria Escherichia coli é largamente utilizada como indicador biológico de contaminação fecal devido à sua ubiquidade em fezes. No entanto, possui também a capacidade de persistir e multiplicar em ambientes fora do seu habitat primário. A subestrutura genética de E. coli pode ser determinada através de presença/ausência dos genes chuA e yjaA e do fragmento de DNA TspE4.C2, com base nesta metodologia cepas podem ser classificadas como pertencentes aos filogrupos A, B1, B2 ou D. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a determinação filogenética através do método de PCR triplex de cepas de E. coli multirresistentes provenientes de amostras ambientais, animais e humanas. As cepas de origem animal e humana foram associados a perfis de multirresistencia mais amplos (7 a 13 antimicrobianos) e à produção de beta-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL). A determinação filogenética demonstrou que os filogrupos B1 (49%) e A (34%) foram os mais prevalentes e os filogrupos D (11%) e B2 (6%), os menos representativos. Os filogrupos A e B1, também foram os mais relacionados a ampla multiresistencia. Os resultados indicaram que todos isolados deste estudo, inclusive os de origem ambiental, são associados a microbiota comensal de humanos e animais e não cepas responsáveis por infecções extraintestinais e que as populações de E. coli analisadas sofreram prévia exposição a antimicrobianos de amplo espectro