72 research outputs found
Hyperboloidal evolution of test fields in three spatial dimensions
We present the numerical implementation of a clean solution to the outer
boundary and radiation extraction problems within the 3+1 formalism for
hyperbolic partial differential equations on a given background. Our approach
is based on compactification at null infinity in hyperboloidal scri fixing
coordinates. We report numerical tests for the particular example of a scalar
wave equation on Minkowski and Schwarzschild backgrounds. We address issues
related to the implementation of the hyperboloidal approach for the Einstein
equations, such as nonlinear source functions, matching, and evaluation of
formally singular terms at null infinity.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure
Universality of global dynamics for the cubic wave equation
We consider the initial value problem for the spherically symmetric, focusing
cubic wave equation in three spatial dimensions. We give numerical and
analytical evidence for the existence of a universal attractor which
encompasses both global and blowup solutions. As a byproduct we get an explicit
description of the critical behavior at the threshold of blowup.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figures. Uses IOP-style. Updated to conform with
published versio
Spacelike matching to null infinity
We present two methods to include the asymptotic domain of a background
spacetime in null directions for numerical solutions of evolution equations so
that both the radiation extraction problem and the outer boundary problem are
solved. The first method is based on the geometric conformal approach, the
second is a coordinate based approach. We apply these methods to the case of a
massless scalar wave equation on a Kerr spacetime. Our methods are designed to
allow existing codes to reach the radiative zone by including future null
infinity in the computational domain with minor modifications. We demonstrate
the flexibility of the methods by considering both Boyer-Lindquist and ingoing
Kerr coordinates near the black hole. We also confirm numerically predictions
concerning tail decay rates for scalar fields at null infinity in Kerr
spacetime due to Hod for the first time.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures; matches the published versio
The biological activities and phytochemical content of Ferulago humulis Boiss.
728-735Ferulago humulis Boiss. is an endemic species growing in Turkey. The aim of the study was to compare in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the aerial parts (HFH) and rhizomes (RFH) of F. humulis. According to the results of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts obtained from different parts of the plant, their phytochemical contents were evaluated. Petroleum ether (HFH-PE; RFH-PE), dichloromethane (HFH-DM; RFH-DM) and methanol (HFH-ME; RFH-ME) extracts from aerial parts (HFH) and rhizomes (RFH) of F. humulis were obtained for antimicrobial activity and examined by the agar hole diffusion and microdilution methods. Chromatographic and spectroscopic (1H NMR, LS-MS and UV) techniques were used for the isolation of coumarin compounds from petroleum ether (RFH-PE) and dichloromethane (RFH-DM) extracts. Furthermore, antioxidant activity were assayed by the 4 different methods in methanol extracts (HFH-ME; RFH-ME). HFH-PE (MIC=6.25 mg/mL), RFH-PE (MIC=12.5 mg/mL) and RFH-DM (MIC=11 mg/mL) extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, and RFH-PE (MIC= 3.125 mg/mL), HFH-PE (MIC=6.25 mg/mL) extracts showed antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis. HFH-PE (MIC=1.56 mg/mL), RFH-PE (MIC= 6.25 mg/mL) extracts exhibited antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis. From the rhizomes of F. humulis isoimperatorin, bergapten, oxypeucedanin, marmesin senecioate and oxypeucedanin hydrate known as furanocoumarins derivatives were isolated
Intermediate behavior of Kerr tails
The numerical investigation of wave propagation in the asymptotic domain of
Kerr spacetime has only recently been possible thanks to the construction of
suitable hyperboloidal coordinates. The asymptotics revealed an apparent puzzle
in the decay rates of scalar fields: the late-time rates seemed to depend on
whether finite distance observers are in the strong field domain or far away
from the rotating black hole, an apparent phenomenon dubbed "splitting". We
discuss far-field "splitting" in the full field and near-horizon "splitting" in
certain projected modes using horizon-penetrating, hyperboloidal coordinates.
For either case we propose an explanation to the cause of the "splitting"
behavior, and we determine uniquely decay rates that previous studies found to
be ambiguous or immeasurable. The far-field "splitting" is explained by
competition between projected modes. The near-horizon "splitting" is due to
excitation of lower multipole modes that back excite the multipole mode for
which "splitting" is observed. In both cases "splitting" is an intermediate
effect, such that asymptotically in time strong field rates are valid at all
finite distances. At any finite time, however, there are three domains with
different decay rates whose boundaries move outwards during evolution. We then
propose a formula for the decay rate of tails that takes into account the
inter--mode excitation effect that we study.Comment: 16 page
The biological activities and phytochemical content of Ferulago humulis Boiss.
Ferulago humulis Boiss. is an endemic species growing in Turkey. The aim of the study was to compare in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the aerial parts (HFH) and rhizomes (RFH) of F. humulis. According to the results of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts obtained from different parts of the plant, their phytochemical contents were evaluated. Petroleum ether (HFH-PE; RFH-PE), dichloromethane (HFH-DM; RFH-DM) and methanol (HFH-ME; RFH-ME) extracts from aerial parts (HFH) and rhizomes (RFH) of F. humulis were obtained for antimicrobial activity and examined by the agar hole diffusion and microdilution methods. Chromatographic and spectroscopic (1H NMR, LS-MS and UV) techniques were used for the isolation of coumarin compounds from petroleum ether (RFH-PE) and dichloromethane (RFH-DM) extracts. Furthermore, antioxidant activity were assayed by the 4 different methods in methanol extracts (HFH-ME; RFH-ME). HFH-PE (MIC=6.25 mg/mL), RFH-PE (MIC=12.5 mg/mL) and RFH-DM (MIC=11 mg/mL) extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, and RFH-PE (MIC= 3.125 mg/mL), HFH-PE (MIC=6.25 mg/mL) extracts showed antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis. HFH-PE (MIC=1.56 mg/mL), RFH-PE (MIC= 6.25 mg/mL) extracts exhibited antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis. From the rhizomes of F. humulis isoimperatorin, bergapten, oxypeucedanin, marmesin senecioate and oxypeucedanin hydrate known as furanocoumarins derivatives were isolated
Gravitational perturbations of Schwarzschild spacetime at null infinity and the hyperboloidal initial value problem
We study gravitational perturbations of Schwarzschild spacetime by solving a
hyperboloidal initial value problem for the Bardeen-Press equation.
Compactification along hyperboloidal surfaces in a scri-fixing gauge allows us
to have access to the gravitational waveform at null infinity in a general
setup. We argue that this hyperboloidal approach leads to a more accurate and
efficient calculation of the radiation signal than the common approach where a
timelike outer boundary is introduced. The method can be generalized to study
perturbations of Kerr spacetime using the Teukolsky equation.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Hyperboloidal foliations and scri-fixing
We discuss a gauge choice which allows us to avoid the introduction of
artificial timelike outer boundaries in numerical studies of test fields based
on a 3+1 decomposition of asymptotically flat background spacetimes. The main
idea is to include null infinity in the computational domain by conformally
compactifying the metric on hyperboloidal foliations and fixing the spatial
coordinate location of null infinity, i.e. scri-fixing. We construct such
coordinates explicitly on Minkowski, Schwarzschild and Kerr spacetimes.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures. Published versio
Hyperboloidal evolution with the Einstein equations
We consider an approach to the hyperboloidal evolution problem based on the
Einstein equations written for a rescaled metric. It is shown that a conformal
scale factor can be freely prescribed a priori in terms of coordinates in a
well-posed hyperboloidal initial value problem such that the location of null
infinity is independent of the time coordinate. With an appropriate choice of a
single gauge source function each of the formally singular conformal source
terms in the equations attains a regular limit at null infinity. The suggested
approach could be beneficial in numerical relativity for both wave extraction
and outer boundary treatment.Comment: 10 pages; uses iop styl
Comparison of maternal and fetal outcomes among patients undergoing cesarean section under general and spinal anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial
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