In Vitro Tuberization and Quantitative Analysis of Colchicine Using Hptlc in Gloriosa Superba . L an Endangered Medicinal Plant of Pachamalai Hills, a Part of Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu.

Gloriosa superba. L has been a source of medicine right from ancient times. The tubers of this plant are sold in Indian herbal market as an important source of an alkaloid colchicine. Surface sterilized seeds of Gloriosa superba were soaked overnight in 1% GA3 on the next day seeds were planted on germinating media containing MS basal salts with 0.5 mg/l GA3 and 1.0 mg/l BA, 1% sucrose and 0.8% agar. 72.5% of seed germination was observed. The germinated seeds were transplanted on MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP, 0.05 mg/l GA3, 9.5 mg/l NAA and 6% sucrose which led to 90% tuber induction within 6 weeks of culture. Since there is a great demand of colchicine in the market, we have made an attempt to estimate the colchicine content in different parts of the plant like leaf, seed, pericarp, tuber and in vitro produced tuber using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, using a mixture of Ethyl acetate:Methanol (10:1.3 v/v) as mobile phase and precoated silica gel F254 TLC aluminium sheets as the stationary phase. The detection of spot was carried out at 350nm. The calibration curve was found to be linear between 100 to 600 ng/spot for colchicines. The results revealed that in vitro tuber had highest amount (0.14249%) of cochicine, followed by in vivo seed (0.10900%), tuber (0.05761%), leaves (0.46470%) and pericarp (0.04574%). The proposed method can be used to determine the colchicine content in Gloriosa superba

ROLE OF METAGENOMICS FROM TRADITIONAL MICROBIOLOGY TO GENOMIC WORLD

The study of microbial genomes through direct extraction, DNA cloning, and a panel of microorganisms is known as metagenomics.We all know that microbes are omni present in the world. Using microbial techniques for organism identification will be more helpful in understanding all the microbes that make up diversity. Microbiologists usually do all the laboratory works for the identification and characterization of the particular organisms based on their morphology. But this method of identification is not sufficient for the complete identification of microbes in the particular diversity. To fulfil this issues, we microbiologists need a better method to identify all the microbes present in the entire environment. Metagenomic methods play a major role to identify all the genes present in the particular community by means of both functional based and sequence-based screening. This method also plays a way to know the taxonomic understanding with gene profiling.Shotgun sequencing was supplanted in the area of sequencing by high-throughput third-generation sequencing (TGS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. The rapid identification of pathogenic microorganisms has been shown to be an advantage by NGS and TGS. The effectiveness of petrographic profiling and genetic prediction of microbiological species will be improved by the application of new algorithms. New bioactive compounds, functional microbial genes, and microbial metabolites were studied using functional metagenomics. In this review, the main applications of metagenomics in microbiology can be elucidate