SOSIALISASI MEMELIHARA DAYA TAHAN TUBUH SERTA MEMBERIKAN KETENANGAN UNTUK MENJALANI KEHAMILAN MELALUI ANTENATAL YOGA DAN HYPNOPRENATAL PADA IBU HAMIL

Abstrak: Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) merupakan masalah yang masih menjadi prioritas untuk diselesaikan di beberapa Negara, tak terkecuali Indonesia. Berbagai metodepun sudah mulai diterapkan guna mengatasi masalah ini. kegiatan ini dibuat bertujuan untuk sosialisasi terkait pentingnya memelihara daya tahan tubuh serta memberikan ketenangan untuk menjalani kehamilan melalui antenatal yoga dan hypnoprenatal pada ibu hamil.; dengan melakukan skrining peserta sebelum mengikuti kelas yoga dan hipnoprenatal. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dengan cara memberikan sosialisasi sebagai awal pemahaman ibu hamil tentang yoga dan hipnoprenatal; Kegiatan ini melibatkan mitra dari 2 Desa yaitu desa Sejahtera dan desa Ayula Selatan, dengan jumlah total ibu hamil sebnayak 10 orang. Kegiatan dievaluasi melalui pretest dan posttest terkait pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang yoga dan hypnoprenatal. Setelah kegiatan dilaksanakan, dan setelah dilakukan pre dan posttest diperoleh hasil bahwa pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang yoga dan hypnoprenatal mengalami peningkatan sebesar 100%, sehingga diharapkan dari hasil tersebut, dapat memberikan ketenangan bagi ibu hamil selama proses kehamilan.Abstract: Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is a problem that is still a priority to be resolved in several countries, including Indonesia. Various methods have been applied to overcome this problem. This activity was created with the aim of socializing the importance of maintaining endurance and providing peace to undergo pregnancy through antenatal yoga and hypnoprenatal for pregnant women; by screening participants before attending yoga and hypnoprenatal classes. The method of carrying out activities by providing socialization as an initial understanding of pregnant women about yoga and hypnoprenatal; This activity involved partners from 2 villages, namely Sejahtera Village and Ayula Selatan Village, with a total of 10 pregnant women. Activities were evaluated through pre-test and post-test related to pregnant women's knowledge about yoga and hypnoprenatal. After the activity was carried out, the result was that the knowledge of pregnant women about yoga and hypnoprenatal had increased by 100%, so it was hoped that these results could provide peace for pregnant women during the pregnancy process.

PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK MITRA DESA DALAM PELAKSANAAN TONTHOLO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN KADER DAN MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI ASI DAN MEMPERCEPAT INVOLUSI PADA IBU NIFAS

Abstrak: Kelurahan Lekobalo merupakan salah satu daerah yang mempunyai masalah jumlah stunting yang masih tinggi dan cakupan ASI ekslusif rendah. Kurangnya pengetahuan kader tentang tontholo berdampak pada ibu nifas yang tidak menyusui bayinya karena asi kurang. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat yaitu meningkatkan pengetahuan kader tentang tontholo dengan pemberian pelatihan dan meningkatkan produksi ASI serta mempercepat involusi uterus pada ibu nifas. Metode pengabdian masyarakat yaitu membuat kelompok kader, kemudian melatih mereka tentang tontholo yang bisa mempercepat proses involusi dan meningkatkan produksi ASI, membagikan buku tontholo sebagai panduan, mendampingi kader saat pelaksanaan tontholo kepada ibu post partum, mengevaluasi hasil pelaksanaan tontholo menggunakan lembar ceklis yang telah disusun dengan mengobservasi tindakan kader apakah sesuai dengan materi pelatihan. Mitra pada pengabmas ini yaitu kader sebanyak 10 orang dengan sasarannya ibu nifas yang berjumlah 30 orang. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat didapatkan bahwa pengetahuan Kader sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan meningkat dari 62% menjadi 69,30%. Dari 30 ibu nifas setelah dilakukan tontholo dan diobservasi hari 1 dan ke 2, didapatkan 23 orang (75%) ibu nifas mengatakan asinya keluar banyak setelah dilakukan tontholo, dan 29 orang (96%) setelah diperiksa TFU tidak teraba lagi.Abstract: Lekobalo is one of the areas that has the problem of a high number of stunts and low exclusive milk coverage. The lack of knowledge of the curriculum affects mothers who do not breast-feed their babies because they are less likely. The aim of community service is to increase cadres' knowledge about tontholo by providing training, increasing breast milk production, and accelerating uterine involution in postpartum mothers. The community service method is to create a group of cadres, then train them about tontholo, which can speed up the involution process and increase breast milk production; distribute tontholo books as a guide; accompany cadres during the implementation of tontholo to postpartum mothers; and evaluate the results of the implementation of tontholo using a checklist that has been prepared by observing cadre actions to determine whether they are in accordance with the training material. The partners in this community service are a cadre of 10 people, with the target being 30 postpartum mothers. The results of the public dedication obtained show that the knowledge of Kader before and after training increased from 62% to 69.30%. Of 30 mothers who breathed after doing tontolo and observed on days 1 and 2, 23 people (75%) said that the mother was out a lot after having done tontolo, and 29 people (96%) after examining the TFU were no longer in sight

PERSIAPAN LAKTASI DAN PEMERIKSAAN HEMOGLOBIN IBU HAMIL DAN IBU NIFAS

Abstrak: Jumlah sesi menyusui dapat ditingkatkan, termasuk perawatan payudara. Menyusui payudara sangat membantu dalam memicu refleks pengeluaran ASI. Tes hemoglobin juga sangat bermanfaat bagi para ibu, karena tes ini memungkinkan mereka untuk mengetahui kadar hemoglobin dalam darah sehingga dapat mencegah anemia. Tujuan pengabmas ini adalah untuk mengedukasi dan mengenalkan perawatan payudara untuk mencegah masalah terkait produksi ASI pada ibu hamil dan nifas. Metode yang digunakan yaitu: (1) menentukan waktu pelaksanaan dan mengumpulkan sasaran sebanyak 18 ibu melalui kader; (2) melakukan pemeriksaan hb; (3) melakukan pre-test; (4) memberikan edukasi; (5) praktik perawatan payudara; dan (6) melakukan post-test. Hasil dari kuesioner pre-test dan Post-test yaitu adanya peningkatan pengetahuan ibu tentang pemberian ASI dan perawatan payudara yaitu sebesar 55,5%. Hasil Pemeriksaan HB pada ibu hamil dan ibu nifas yaitu 2 orang anemia ringan dan 16 orang normal. Abstract: The number of breastfeeding sessions can be increased, including breast care. Breastfeeding is very helpful in triggering the milk ejection reflex. The hemoglobin test is also very useful for mothers, because this test allows them to know the level of hemoglobin in the blood so that they can prevent anemia. The purpose of this writing is to educate and introduce breast care to prevent problems related to milk production in pregnant and postpartum women so that they become fertile mothers. The methods used were: (1) determining the implementation time and collecting targets of 18 mothers through cadres; (2) carry out Hb checks; (3) do a pre-test; (4) providing education; (5) breast care practices; and (6) do a post-test. The results of the pre-test and post-test questionnaires were an increase in mother's knowledge about breastfeeding and breast care, which was 55.5%. HB examination results in pregnant women and postpartum women, namely 2 people with mild anemia and 16 people normal. 

Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1

Background: Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and Immunization Agenda 2030. Robust estimates of routine vaccine coverage are needed to identify past successes and persistent vulnerabilities. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020, Release 1, we did a systematic analysis of global, regional, and national vaccine coverage trends using a statistical framework, by vaccine and over time. Methods: For this analysis we collated 55 326 country-specific, cohort-specific, year-specific, vaccine-specific, and dose-specific observations of routine childhood vaccination coverage between 1980 and 2019. Using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, we produced location-specific and year-specific estimates of 11 routine childhood vaccine coverage indicators for 204 countries and territories from 1980 to 2019, adjusting for biases in country-reported data and reflecting reported stockouts and supply disruptions. We analysed global and regional trends in coverage and numbers of zero-dose children (defined as those who never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine dose), progress towards GVAP targets, and the relationship between vaccine coverage and sociodemographic development. Findings: By 2019, global coverage of third-dose DTP (DTP3; 81·6% [95% uncertainty interval 80·4–82·7]) more than doubled from levels estimated in 1980 (39·9% [37·5–42·1]), as did global coverage of the first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1; from 38·5% [35·4–41·3] in 1980 to 83·6% [82·3–84·8] in 2019). Third-dose polio vaccine (Pol3) coverage also increased, from 42·6% (41·4–44·1) in 1980 to 79·8% (78·4–81·1) in 2019, and global coverage of newer vaccines increased rapidly between 2000 and 2019. The global number of zero-dose children fell by nearly 75% between 1980 and 2019, from 56·8 million (52·6–60·9) to 14·5 million (13·4–15·9). However, over the past decade, global vaccine coverage broadly plateaued; 94 countries and territories recorded decreasing DTP3 coverage since 2010. Only 11 countries and territories were estimated to have reached the national GVAP target of at least 90% coverage for all assessed vaccines in 2019. Interpretation: After achieving large gains in childhood vaccine coverage worldwide, in much of the world this progress was stalled or reversed from 2010 to 2019. These findings underscore the importance of revisiting routine immunisation strategies and programmatic approaches, recentring service delivery around equity and underserved populations. Strengthening vaccine data and monitoring systems is crucial to these pursuits, now and through to 2030, to ensure that all children have access to, and can benefit from, lifesaving vaccines

Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories : the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was 1·94 (1·76–2·12). No regions met suggested thresholds for progress. Interpretation: Sub-Saharan Africa had both the highest HIV burden and the greatest progress between 1990 and 2019. The number of incident cases and deaths in males and females approached parity in 2019, although there remained more females with HIV than males with HIV. Globally, the HIV epidemic is far from the UNAIDS benchmarks on progress metrics

Schistosomes Induce Regulatory Features in Human and Mouse CD1dhi B Cells: Inhibition of Allergic Inflammation by IL-10 and Regulatory T Cells

Chronic helminth infections, such as schistosomes, are negatively associated with allergic disorders. Here, using B cell IL-10-deficient mice, Schistosoma mansoni-mediated protection against experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation (AAI) was shown to be specifically dependent on IL-10-producing B cells. To study the organs involved, we transferred B cells from lungs, mesenteric lymph nodes or spleen of OVA-infected mice to recipient OVA-sensitized mice, and showed that both lung and splenic B cells reduced AAI, but only splenic B cells in an IL-10-dependent manner. Although splenic B cell protection was accompanied by elevated levels of pulmonary FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, in vivo ablation of FoxP3+ T cells only moderately restored AAI, indicating an important role for the direct suppressory effect of regulatory B cells. Splenic marginal zone CD1d+ B cells proved to be the responsible splenic B cell subset as they produced high levels of IL-10 and induced FoxP3+ T cells in vitro. Indeed, transfer of CD1d+ MZ-depleted splenic B cells from infected mice restored AAI. Markedly, we found a similarly elevated population of CD1dhi B cells in peripheral blood of Schistosoma haematobium-infected Gabonese children compared to uninfected children and these cells produced elevated levels of IL-10. Importantly, the number of IL-10-producing CD1dhi B cells was reduced after anti-schistosome treatment. This study points out that in both mice and men schistosomes have the capacity to drive the development of IL-10-producing regulatory CD1dhi B cells and furthermore, these are instrumental in reducing experimental allergic inflammation in mice

Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19 : a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990–2050

Background: The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods: We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings: In 2019, health spending globally reached$8·8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8·7–8·8) or $1132 (1119–1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total,$40·4 billion (0·5%, 95% UI 0·5–0·5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24·6% (UI 24·0–25·1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54·8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this,$13·7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12·3 billion was newly committed and$1·4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3·1 billion (22·4$2·4 billion (17·9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714·4 million (7·7$1519 (1448–1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation: Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Cesarean delivery on maternal request: Can the ethical problem be solved by the principlist approach?

In this article, we use the principlist approach to identify, analyse and attempt to solve the ethical problem raised by a pregnant woman's request for cesarean delivery in absence of medical indications