Language Assistant Capability Exchange Protocol

This disclosure describes techniques to support language assistance services for communication between devices. Per techniques of this disclosure, language assistant capabilities are exchanged between participating devices during call setup. A call protocol such as session initiation protocol (SIP) is suitably modified to exchange language assistant parameters during call set up. The SIP header fields are extended to add a parameter to indicate language assistant capabilities by indicating a suitable language code. An INVITE request is transmitted from an originating device that includes a language identifier that indicates the language assistant capabilities of the originating device. A corresponding language identifier of the terminating device is requested. A language identifier for the terminating device is obtained from and transmitted to the originating device along with a RING message. When the call is answered at the terminating device, an updated language identifier may be provided along with an OK message

Study of Prevalence of Preoperative Corneal Astigmatism in Patients with Senile Cataract at a Tertiary Care Institute in South India

Background. The prevalence of corneal astigmatism in patients with cataract has not been well documented in both rural and urban areas of Indian population. Purpose. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery in adult age group population of rural Andhra Pradesh. Materials and methods. A Prospective, cross-sectional, and observational study was carried out from March 2019 to December 2019 in patients presenting for cataract surgery. Axial length, and intraocular lens power were measured, Keratometric values were measured with an auto refractokeratometer, and astigmatism was calculated. Data was analysed using SPSS software. Results. This study included 1000 eyes of 1000 patients with a mean age of 61.81 ± 8.94 years. The mean astigmatism was 0.80 ± 0.72 D and the mean keratometry was 44.12D ± 1.71 D. A total of less than 1D astigmatism is seen in 67.5% eyes, 23.3% eyes had astigmatism between 1.00 and 1.99 D, 4.6% eyes had 2-2.99D, and ≥3D in 0.8% eyes and no astigmatism in 3.8% eyes. Against the rule astigmatism was seen in 49.8% cases, with the rule astigmatism is found in 31.8% of eyes and oblique astigmatism in 14.9% of eyes. With the increasing age, the WTR percentage decreased while the ATR percentage increased. Conclusion. Our study showed that significant numbers of patients have preoperative corneal astigmatism, affecting the quality of vision after cataract surgery. Majority of patients have corneal astigmatism < 1.00D, which can be corrected by low-cost procedures like steep axis phaco, limbal relaxing incisions, and opposite clear corneal incisions, especially in developing countries like India, and less percentage of candidates require expensive toric IOLs

Inkjet printing of super yellow : Ink formulation, film optimization, OLEDs fabrication, and transient electroluminescence

Inkjet printing technique allows manufacturing low cost organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) in ambient conditions. The above approach enables upscaling of the OLEDs fabrication process which, as a result, would become faster than conventionally used vacuum based processing techniques. In this work, we use the inkjet printing technique to investigate the formation of thin active layers of well-known light emitting polymer material: Super Yellow (poly(para-phenylene vinylene) copolymer). We develop the formulation of Super Yellow ink, containing non-chlorinated solvents and allowing stable jetting. Optimization of ink composition and printing resolution were performed, until good quality films suitable for OLEDs were obtained. Fabricated OLEDs have shown a remarkable characteristics of performance, similar to the OLEDs fabricated by means of spin coating technique. We checked that, the values of mobility of the charge carriers in the printed films, measured by transient electroluminescence, are similar to the values of mobility measured in spin coated films. Our contribution provides a complete framework for inkjet printing of high quality Super Yellow films for OLEDs. The description of this method can be used to obtain efficient printed OLEDs both in academic and in industrial settings

Inkjet Printing of an Electron Injection Layer: New Role of Cesium Carbonate Interlayer in Polymer OLEDs

Among solution-processable techniques, inkjet printing is a potential method for manufacturing low-cost and high-resolution polymer organic light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) for displays/solid-state lighting applications. Herein, we demonstrate use of the inkjet printed cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) film as an electron injection interlayer. We have elaborated the Cs2CO3 ink using an alcohol-based solvent for the industrial-grade printhead. The printed Cs2CO3 layer morphology was investigated by means of an optical microscope and an atomic force microscope. The PLEDs based on emissive polymer (Super Yellow) with printed Cs2CO3 interlayer show a remarkable current efficiency and luminance compared to the PLEDs made without the Cs2CO3 layer. Such results suggest that the Cs2CO3 is a promising material for the formulation of the electron injecting inkjet inks. The possibility of inkjet printing of an efficient electron injecting layer enables in situ patterning of PLEDs&rsquo; emission area. Such a simple and flexible technique can be applied for a wide range of applications such as signage, pictograms, advertising, smart packaging, etc

Conjunctival graft from pterygium tissue itself in primary pterygium surgery

Background: The aim of a study was to assess the efficacy of a new surgical technique that uses conjunctival tissuefrom the pterygium itself as a graft with a 180-degree rotation and fibrin glue in the primary pterygium surgery. Material and methods: For this non-comparative, interventional study, 36 eyes from 36 patients with primary pterygium were operated on between January 2019 and December 2019. Pterygium was used to create a thin conjunctival graft (CAG) layer in this technique. This pterygium layer was entirely separated from the underlying fibrovascular tissue and retained on the corneal surface. A thin conjunctival graft was transferred to the bare sclera bed with the epithelial side up and rotated 180° before adhering to the bare sclera bed with fibrin glue. The primary outcome was the recurrence of pterygium. Other secondary variables included graft edema and graft retraction. Results: The primary outcome was the recurrence of pterygium. Graft edema and graft retraction were considered as other complications. The average age was 47.5 years, with an 8-month follow-up. According to the study, the patients had an 8.3% recurrence rate (3 eyes out of 36). Graft edema was the only significant complication (52.77%, 19 eyes out of 36), which resolved without intervention. Graft retraction was the second most common complication, accounting for 27.7% of all cases (10 eyes out of 36). Conclusion: In this technique, there is no tissue wastage (as in excision), no trauma to the normal area (as in conjunctival autograft), no suture-related complications, and shorter operating time. This technique can be used as a safe and alternative to CAG for patients in whom CAG cannot be performed with very low recurrence rates and complications

Analytical Method Development and Validation of Exemestane Tablet by UV Spectrophotometry

The present research work discusses the development and validation of a UV spectrophotometric method for Exemestane. Simple, accurate and cost efficient spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Exemestane in Tablet dosage form. The optimum conditions for the analysis of the drug were established. The maximum wavelength (λ max) was found to be 246 nm. The percentage recovery of Exemestane was in the 98.7±0.4. Beers law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2-14 µg/mL. Calibration curves shows a linear relationship between the absorbance and concentration. The line equation y=0.05954x+0.0000 with r2 of 0.9938 was obtained. Validation was performed according to ICH guidelines for Linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. The sample solution was stable up to 36 hours. The proposed method may be suitable for the analysis of Exemestane in tablet formulation for quality control purposes

Slot-Die Coating of Double Polymer Layers for the Fabrication of Organic Light Emitting Diodes

This study presents the slot-die coating process of two layers of organic materials for the fabrication of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), which is commonly used in OLEDs and in organic photovoltaic devices as the hole injection layer (HIL), has been deposited via slot-die coating. Uniform films of PEDOT:PSS were obtained after optimizing the slot-die processing parameters: substrate temperature, coating speed, and ink flow rate. The film quality was examined using optical microscopy, profilometry, and atomic force microscopy. Further, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (F8) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), a well know polymer blend F8:F8BT, which is used as an emissive layer in OLEDs, has been slot-die coated. The optoelectronic properties of the slot-die coated F8:F8BT films were examined by means of photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) studies. The fabricated OLEDs, consisting of slot-die coated PEDOT:PSS and F8:F8BT films, were characterized to record the brightness and current efficienc