Room temperature electronic template effect of pre-structured SmSi(111)-8x2 interface yielding self-aligned organic molecules

International audienceThis work describes an innovative concept for the development of organized molecular systems thanks to the template effect of the pre-structured semi-conductive SmSi(111) interface. This substrate was selected because Sm deposition in the submonolayer range leads to a 8x2-reconstruction, which is a well-defined one-dimensional semi-metallic structure. Adsorption of aromatic molecules (1,4-di-(9-ethynyltriptycenyl)-benzene) on SmSi(111)-8x2 and Si(111)-7x7 interfaces has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at room temperature. Density functional theory (DFT) and semi-empirical (ASED+) calculations have been performed to define the nature of the molecular adsorption sites of the target molecule on SmSi as well as their self-alignment on this interface. Experimental data and theoretical results are in good agreement

Estudio teórico de la adsorción y reactividad de especies nitrogenadas sobre superficies metálicas

Estudio teórico de la adsorción y reactividad de especies nitrogenadas sobre superficies metálicas (Resumen de la tesis presentada por Francisco Ample Navarro)La catálisis heterogénea se utiliza en muchos procesos industriales desde hace más de un siglo, sin embargo, la investigación experimental a nivel atómico no se ha desarrollado hasta hace unos 25 años. Estos estudios son relativamente jóvenes y todavía se desconocen muchos de los mecanismos por los que se produce la catálisis en muchos procesos utilizados. Conocer los mecanismos catalíticos es indispensable para diseñar nuevos catalizadores y aumentar su eficacia. La simulación teórica de procesos químicos sobre superficies se plantea como una alternativa para obtener información que no es fácilmente accesible a través de técnicas experimentales. El gran incremento en la potencia computacional en los últimos años y el desarrollo de códigos teóricos eficaces, está haciendo que la química computacional sea un área de importancia en aumento en ciencia de superficies y en catálisis heterogénea.El objetivo de esta tesis fue el estudio de la adsorción y reactividad de moléculas nitrogenadas sencillas sobre superficies de metales de transición utilizando métodos teóricos. Este estudio se centró sobre la adsorción y reactividad del radical ciano (CN), ácido cianhídrico (HCN), ácido isocianhídrico (HNC), nitrógeno molecular (N2) y óxido nitroso (N2O) sobre superficies metálicas. Las conclusiones obtenidas sobre estas moléculas pueden utilizarse como base para el estudio de la adsorción y reactividad de otras moléculas más complejas. La elaboración de esta tesis ha permitido obtener los distintos modos de adsorción de CN, HCN, HNC, N2 y N2O sobre superficies metálicas de tipo (111). Se han calculado energías de adsorción y frecuencias de vibración que pueden ser comparadas con cálculos experimentales. Los análisis de densidad de estados, proyección de orbitales moleculares y el estudio topológico de la función de localización electrónica (ELF) han permitido conocer la naturaleza y mecanismos de enlace de estas moléculas con la superficie metálica. Se ha estudiado la difusión de estas moléculas sobre la superficie así como la de sus átomos implicados. La reactividad ha sido estudiada obteniendo barreras de formación de CN, N2, HCN y N2O a partir de sus fragmentos adsorbidos sobre la superficie. Los valores obtenidos para estas barreras permiten explicar resultados experimentales.Heterogeneous catalysis has been used in a lot of industrial processes since more than a century; nevertheless, the experimental research at atomic level has not been developed until 25 years ago. These studies are relatively young and many of the mechanisms that are used in the industry are still unknown. To know these mechanisms is indispensable for the design of new catalyst and to increase its effectiveness. The theoretical simulation of chemical processes over surfaces is an alternative to obtain information that it is not easily accessible by means of experimental techniques. The great increase of the computational power in the last years and the development of efficient theoretical codes is making that the computational chemistry is an area of increasing importance in surface science and heterogeneous catalysis. The objective of this thesis was the study of the adsorption and reactivity of small N-containing molecules over transition metallic surfaces by means of theoretical methods. This study was focused over the adsorption and reactivity of the cyanide (CN), cyanhydric acid (HCN), isocyanhydric acid (HNC), molecular nitrogen (N2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) over metallic surfaces. The obtained conclusions can be used as basis for the adsorption and reactivity of more complex molecules. This thesis has allowed to obtain the different adsorption modes of CN, HCN, HNC, N2 and N2O over metallic surfaces of (111) type. The obtained adsorption energies and vibrational frequencies can be compared with the experimental data. The analysis of the density of states, projection of molecular orbitals and the topologic study of the electronic localization function (ELF) have allowed to explain the bonding mechanisms of these molecules with the metal surface. The diffusion of the molecules and of the implicated atoms over the surface has been studied. The reactivity has been studied obtaining the energetic formation barriers for CN, N2, HCN and N2O starting from his adsorbed fragments. The obtained values for these barriers can explain experimental results

Conductance of a single flexible molecular wire composed of alternating donor and acceptor units

cited By 27International audienceMolecular-scale electronics is mainly concerned by understanding charge transport through individual molecules. A key issue here is the charge transport capability through a single—typically linear—molecule, characterized by the current decay with increasing length. To improve the conductance of individual polymers, molecular design often either involves the use of rigid ribbon/ladder-type structures, thereby sacrificing for flexibility of the molecular wire, or a zero band gap, typically associated with chemical instability. Here we show that a conjugated polymer composed of alternating donor and acceptor repeat units, synthesized directly by an on-surface polymerization, exhibits a very high conductance while maintaining both its flexible structure and a finite band gap. Importantly, electronic delocalization along the wire does not seem to be necessary as proven by spatial mapping of the electronic states along individual molecular wires. Our approach should facilitate the realization of flexible ‘soft’ molecular-scale circuitry, for example, on bendable substrates

Structure and catalytic processes of N-containing species on Rh(111) from first principles

Density functional theory has been used to gain molecular understanding of various catalytic processes involving N species on Rh(111). These include CN, N2, and HCN formation and N2O decomposition. Our calculations substantiate the conclusion that, starting from chemisorbed C and N atomic species, CN formation is preferred over N2 formation, because of the lower activation energy of the former process (1.73 vs. 2.10 eV). HCN formation has been studied starting from adsorbed CH and N species, with a computed activation barrier of 1.35 eV. The process of binding CH to N is more favorable than recombination of C and N atoms into CN followed by hydrogenation. Concerning the adsorption and dissociation of N2O on Rh, two pathways have been investigated, leading to N2 or NO. From thermodynamic considerations, N2 can be concluded to be the preferred product resulting from N2O dissociation. Our results also support the participation of N2O as a reaction intermediate during reduction of nitric oxide to nitrogen over Rh surfaces by reaction of adsorbed NO and N atoms