Bacterial profile of surfaces and equipment of the Orthopedic Clinic of a University Hospital

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) are an important public health problem that impacts negatively on hospital costs and patient prognosis. Given the importance of the hospital environment in the development of HAIs, the objective was to evaluate the bacterial profile on surfaces and equipment of the Orthopedic Clinic of the Hospital Universitário do Vale do São Francisco. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study. Samples were collected in 13 wards, each ward with four beds and one was chosen at random, where surfaces and equipment were sampled using swabs soaked in saline and a 1cm2 filter paper mold to standardize the samples. After passing the swab, they were stored in a tube containing 5mL of BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) liquid medium. Then, samples were transported to the Clinical Analysis Laboratory/Microbiology Sector where the microbiological analyzes were performed. Results: In total, 257 bacteria were observed, of which 5.11% were possible causes of hospital infection and 79% coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Antibiograms of these were performed and different resistance profiles were found. The bathroom doorknob, a high-touch surface, presented the greatest variety of species among the evaluated surfaces. Conclusion: Surfaces and equipment of the evaluated clinic present possible bacteria that cause hospital infection with different profiles of antimicrobial resistance, contributing to possible cross infection

Alcohol and drugs in adolescence: work process in health in school program

Introduction: Adolescence is characterized as a transition period  between childhood and adult life that imposes great physical, cognitive and psychosocial changes. During that period,  the adolescent is exposed and vulnerable to the consumption of alcohol and drugs,  and has been an scenery where nurses who works in the  School Health  Programs (SHP) interact with them. In this sense, the interaction between education and health can influence adolescents to become questioners of the risks they are exposed and look  together for  better options to improve their quality of life. Objective: To analyse the perception and health practices of Nurses working in the School Health  Programs  of  prevention of alcohol and drugs during adolescence. Methods: This is a descriptive and qualitative study carried out in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil, with 18 nurses participating in the SHP, who implement actions with adolescents in schools. The data collection took place through a semi structured interview and their organization through thematic analysis. Results: The participants affirmed that the importance of their actions and work  is directed  to prevent the use of alcohol and drugs among adolescents, excluding the precepts of health promotion. They pointed out that the interaction between education and health is characterized as an effective strategy in the prevention of damages caused by the use of alcohol and drugs, emphasizing the participation of family members during the process of elaboration, application and continuity. It was also evidenced that the educational practices are performed mostly through lectures, characterizing a work centred on clinical, individual and curative practice. Conclusion: Nurses understand that the interaction between health and education is an effective strategy to prevent the use of alcohol and drugs in adolescents, emphasizing the importance of family participation in the process of construction and support of this context. However, it is possible to identify that the actions developed by these professionals are still restricted to modify some behaviours such as to improve their willing of   sharing  new knowledge

Educational technologies and inclusion experiences: You Tube’s potential for teaching History to deaf people

A teaching proposal for deaf people will be outlined here, mediated through You Tube, that contemplates the topics covered in History classes, through the joint and collaborative construction of a digital library of Libras videos on this platform. Therefore, a brief contextualization is outlined on how the discipline has been organized in the Basic Education curriculum in face of the technological changes that take place at the turn of the 20th century with the advent of information and communication technologies (ICTs) The methodology used is a qualitative approach in a descriptive and exploratory character, which will analyze some bibliographical productions on the subject and the discussion of two You Tube channels.The dialogues with Pinsky (2016), Bispo and Barros (2016), Castells (1999), Queiroga Junior (2018), Coelho and Bottentuit Junior (2019), Correa (2002) and Pereira (2017), open up possibilities for thinking about the teaching of History mediated by ICTs. Among the results obtained, there is the relevance of thinking about mediated educational projects by educational technologies that contribute to the achievement of autonomy of the deaf person, respecting their different ways of learning

Factores asociados con infecciones de transmisión sexual en cortadores de caña de azúcar: contribuciones para el cuidado

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and associated factors in sugarcane cutters. Method: a cross-sectional, analytical study with 937 sugarcane cutters from Paraíba and Goiás, states of Brazil, respectively. An outcome variable was the positive results in some rapid tests for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C. Bivariate and multiple analyses were performed to identify the association between these infections and sociodemographic and behavioral variables. Results: all participants were male, most were young adults and had low schooling. Prevalence of STI was estimated at 4.1% (95% CI: 3.0-5.5). According to multiple regression analysis, the variables age over 40 years (OR 5.0; CI 95%: 1.8-14), alcohol consumption (OR 3.9; CI 95%: 1.3-11.9), and illicit drugs (OR 2.9; CI 95%: 1.3-6.3) were factors associated with the STIs investigated. On the other hand, having some religion (OR 0.4; CI 95%: 0.2-0.8), and work in the Midwest Region (OR 0.4; CI 95%: 0.2-0.9) were factors negatively associated with these infections. Conclusion: presence of risk behaviors for STI among sugarcane cutters. Screening for these infections in groups of rural workers is essential for early diagnosis and breaking the chain of transmission.Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y factores asociados en cortadores de caña de azúcar. Método: estudio analítico transversal con 937 cortadores de caña de azúcar de los estados de Paraíba y Goiás, en Brasil. Se consideró como variable el resultado positivo en algunas pruebas rápidas para VIH, sífilis, hepatitis B y C. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y múltiples para identificar una asociación entre estas infecciones y las variables sociodemográficas y de comportamiento. Resultados: todos los participantes eran hombres, la mayoría eran adultos jóvenes con bajo índice de escolaridad. Se estimó una prevalencia de ITS de 4.1% (IC 95%: 3.0-5.5). Según el análisis de regresión múltiple, variables como edad superior a 40 años (OR 5.0; IC 95%: 1.8-14), consumo de alcohol (OR 3.9; IC 95%: 1.3- 11.9) y drogas ilícitas (OR 2.9; IC 95%: 1.3-6.3) fueron factores asociados a las ITS investigadas. Por otro lado, factores como tener alguna religión (OR 0.4; IC 95%: 0.2-0.8) y trabajar en la región Centro-Oeste (OR 0.4; IC 95%: 0.2-0.9) tuvieron una asociación negativa en relación a estas infecciones. Conclusión: se advirtió la presencia de comportamientos de riesgo para ITS entre cortadores de caña de azúcar. La detección de estas infecciones en grupos de trabajadores rurales es esencial para la detección temprana de diagnóstico y para romper la cadena de transmisión.Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) e fatores associados em cortadores de cana-de-açúcar. Método: estudo transversal, analítico, com 937 cortadores de cana-de-açúcar dos estados da Paraíba e de Goiás, no Brasil. Considerou-se como variável de desfecho a positividade em algum teste rápido para HIV, sífilis, hepatite B e C. Análises bivariada e múltipla foram realizadas para identificar associação entre essas infecções e variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Resultados: todos os participantes eram do sexo masculino, a maioria eram adultos jovens e possuíam baixa escolaridade. Estimou-se uma prevalência para IST de 4,1%(IC 95%: 3,0-5,5). De acordo com a análise de regressão múltipla, variáveis como idade acima de 40 anos (OR 5,0; IC 95%: 1,8-14), consumo de álcool (OR 3,9; IC 95%: 1,3-11,9) e de drogas ilícitas (OR 2,9; IC 95%: 1,3-6,3) foram fatores associados às IST investigadas. Por outro lado, ter alguma religião (OR 0,4; IC 95%: 0,2-0,8) e trabalhar na Região Centro-Oeste (OR 0,4; IC 95%: 0,2-0,9) foram fatores associados negativamente a essas infecções. Conclusão: presença de comportamentos de risco para as IST entre os cortadores de cana-de-açúcar. O rastreio destas infecções em grupos de trabalhadores rurais é fundamental para diagnóstico precoce e quebra da cadeia de transmissão

Science CONOPS for Application of SPORT Mission Data to Study Large (~1000km) Ionospheric Plasma Depletions

The Scintillation Prediction Observations Research Task (SPORT) mission is a single 6U CubeSat space weather satellite planned for an October 2022 launch into an ISS-like orbit. The primary purpose of the SPORT mission is to determine the longitudinal effects on equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) growth resulting from the offset dipole magnetic field of the Earth. By combining field and plasma measurements from SPORT with other low-altitude (i.e., alt \u3c 1000 km) spacecraft, it is possible to investigate large-scale (\u3e 1000 km) EPB structures. The types of investigation made possible by measurements from SPORT and other contemporaneous missions include 1) dynamics of depleted magnetic flux tubes; 2) dynamics of field-aligned EPB expansion versus propagation speed; 3) EPB vertical extent; and 4) EPB temporal evolution. To support these investigation types, the respective modes of conjunctions are: 1) simultaneous intersection of a magnetic flux tube; 2) intersection of magnetic flux tube separated in time; 3) Simultaneous Latitude/Longitude position conjunction; and 4) Non-simultaneous latitude/longitude position conjunction. This paper will summarize the SPORT satellite and data used for Science CONOPS to accomplish these objectives

Fatores associados à utilização e reutilização de máscaras entre brasileiros durante a pandemia da COVID-19

Objetivo identificar os fatores associados à utilização e à reutilização de máscaras entre brasileiros durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método estudo transversal desenvolvido nas cinco regiões brasileiras, entre adultos, via formulário eletrônico por meio de mídias sociais, contendo informações gerais e referentes à utilização de máscaras. Foram utilizadas análises bivariadas e regressões logísticas binárias para identificar fatores associados à utilização e à reutilização. Resultados participaram do estudo 3.981 (100%) pessoas. A utilização de máscaras totalizou 95,5%, (IC 95%: 94,8-96,1), com destaque para as de tecido (72,7%; IC 95%: 71,3-74,1) e as cirúrgicas (27,8%; IC 95%: 26,5-29,2). A porcentagem de reutilização foi de 71,1% (IC 95%: 69,7-72,5). A maioria (55,8%; IC 95%: 51,7-60,0) que usa, exclusivamente, máscara cirúrgica reutiliza-a. O sexo feminino e o contato prévio com pessoas com sintomas respiratórios aumentaram as chances de utilização (p≤0,001). Contudo, o sexo feminino diminuiu a possibilidade de reutilização da máscara cirúrgica (p≤0,001). Conclusão a quase totalidade dos participantes relatou utilizar máscaras, sendo mais recorrente a de tecido. Os achados chamam atenção para uma prática de risco, a reutilização da máscara cirúrgica e de papel. Diretrizes, políticas públicas e estratégias educativas são necessárias para o desenvolvimento de práticas assertivas no controle e prevenção da COVID-19.Objective to identify the factors associated with the use and reuse of masks among Brazilian individuals in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method cross-sectional study conducted in the five Brazilian regions, among adult individuals, via an electronic form disseminated in social media, addressing general information and the use of masks. Bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with the use and reuse of masks. Results 3,981 (100%) individuals participated in the study. In total, 95.5% (CI 95%: 94.8-96.1) reported using masks. Fabric masks were more frequently reported (72.7%; CI 95%: 71.3-74.1), followed by surgical masks (27.8%; CI 95%: 26.5-29.2). The percentage of reuse was 71.1% (CI 95%: 69.7-72.5). Most (55.8%; CI 95%: 51.7-60.0) of those exclusively wearing surgical masks reported its reuse. Being a woman and having had contact with individuals presenting respiratory symptoms increased the likelihood of wearing masks (p≤0.001). Additionally, being a woman decreased the likelihood of reusing surgical masks (p≤0.001). Conclusion virtually all the participants reported the use of masks, most frequently fabric masks. The findings draw attention to a risky practice, that of reusing surgical and paper masks. Therefore, guidelines, public policies, and educational strategies are needed to promote the correct use of masks to control and prevent COVID-19.Objetivo identificar los factores asociados con el uso y la reutilización de máscaras entre brasileños durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Método estudio transversal desarrollado en las cinco regiones brasileñas, entre adultos, aplicándose un formulario electrónico a través de las redes sociales, que contiene información general y relativo al uso de máscaras. Se utilizaron análisis bivariados y regresiones logísticas binarias para identificar los factores asociados con el uso y la reutilización. Resultados 3.981 (100%) personas participaron en el estudio. El uso de máscaras totalizó 95.5% (IC 95%: 94.8-96.1), particularmente las de tejido (72.7%; IC 95%: 71.3-74.1) y la quirúrgicas (27.8%; IC 95%: 26.5-29.2). El porcentaje de reutilización fue del 71,1% (IC 95%: 69,7-72,5). La mayoría (55.8%; IC 95%: 51.7-60.0) que usa exclusivamente una máscara quirúrgica la reutiliza. El género femenino y el contacto previo con personas con síntomas respiratorios aumentaron las posibilidades de uso (p≤0.001). Sin embargo, el sexo femenino disminuyó la posibilidad de reutilizar la máscara quirúrgica (p≤0.001). Conclusión casi todos los participantes informaron haber usado máscaras, siendo aquella de tejido más frecuente. Los hallazgos llaman la atención sobre una práctica arriesgada, la reutilización de la máscara quirúrgica y de papel. Las directrices, políticas públicas y estrategias educativas son necesarias para el desarrollo de prácticas asertivas en el control y la prevención del COVID-19

Growth patterns in early childhood: Better trajectories in Afro-Ecuadorians independent of sex and socioeconomic factors.

The first years of life are the most dynamic period for childhood growth. There are limited data available on growth patterns of infants and children living in rural Latin America. The aim of this study was to describe the growth patterns from birth to 5years in children living in a rural District of tropical coastal Ecuador using data from a birth cohort of 2404 neonates. We hypothesize that there would be growth differences according to ethnicity and sex. Evaluations were conducted at birth or until 2weeks of age and at 7, 13, 24, 36 and 60months during clinic and home visits. Individual growth trajectories for weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight/height-for-age Z-scores were estimated using multilevel models. Girls were lighter and shorter than boys at birth. However, Afro-Ecuadorian children (versus mestizo or indigenous) were longer/taller and heavier throughout the first 5years of life and had greater mean trajectories for HAZ and WAZ independent of sex and socioeconomic factors. Our data indicate that ethnicity is a determinant of growth trajectories during the first 5years of life independent of socioeconomic factors in a birth cohort conducted in a rural region of Latin America

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt