Reliability Assessment of some Selected 11 kV Feeders within Ibadan Distribution Network

The energy satisfaction that consumers can obtain from the central grid solely depends on how reliable the feeder to which such customers are connected, simply because the reliability of both generation and transmission is not enough to guarantee adequate and secure energy delivery. It is on this premise that this paper employed load point reliability indices to assess selected feeders within the Ibadan electricity distribution network. The required data for this analysis was collected from the Ibadan Electricity Distribution Company, at Ring Road, Ibadan, the collected data captured the total number of faults, total fault duration, and total operating time from 2016 to 2019. The load point reliability indices used as performance metrics include Failure Rate (FR), Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), Mean Time to Repair (MTTR), Availability Factor (AVF), and Maintainability (M). An adequate comparison of each of these indices on each feeder was made for the period of investigation. It was discovered that many of these feeders were not reliable. Therefore, the need to carry out extensive maintenance on these feeders is non-negotiable. Also, the result of this analysis will help the Distribution Company (DisCo) to make informed decisions that will accelerate the reliability of these 11kV feeders across the investigated region

Ann-Trained Using Bat Algorithm for Modeling University-Based Energy Consumption on Short Term Basis

Adequate planning and right decision making in the energy sector lies on accurate forecasts of the load demand. In this paper, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) trained via Bat algorithm was employed for short term load projection of University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Daily load demand of the study area was obtained from the log records. The neural network was built, trained with historical data gotten from the premier University in Nigeria and then used to predict 24 hour’s load demand from Dec., 1st to Dec., 7th, 2016. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method achieved a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 6.60% and a Mean Percentage Error (MPE) of 4.17%. This research finds application in scheduling of power demand in power system. Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Bat algorithm, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Mean Percentage Error, Short-term forecasting, DOI: 10.7176/JIEA/10-2-04 Publication date:March 31st 202

Voltage Rise Problem in Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation: A Review of Technologies, Impact and Mitigation Approaches

Energy demand has constantly been on the rise due to aggressive industrialization and civilization. This rise in energy demand results in the massive penetration of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution network (DN) which has been a holistic approach to enhance the capacity of distribution networks. However, this has led to a number of issues in the low voltage network, one of which is the voltage rise problem. This happens when generation exceeds demand thereby causing reverse power flow and consequently leading to overvoltage. A number of methods have been discussed in the literature to overcome this challenge ranging from network augmentation to active management of the distribution networks. This paper discusses the issue of voltage rise problem and its impact on distribution networks with high amounts of distributed energy resources (DERs). It presents different DG technologies such as those based on conventional and unconventional resources and other DERs such as battery storage systems and fuel cells. The study provides a comprehensive overview of approaches employed to curtail the issue of voltage increase at the point of common coupling (PCC), which includes strategies based on the network reinforcement methodology and the active distribution network management. A techno-economic comparison is then introduced in the paper to ascertain the similarities and dissimilarities of different mitigation approaches based on the technology involved, ease of deployment, cost implication, and their pros and cons. The paper provides insights into directions for future research in mitigating the impact of voltage rise presented by grid-connected DGs without limiting their increased penetration in the existing power grid

APPLICATION OF FUZZY-MLP MODEL TO ULTRASONIC LIVER IMAGE CLASSIFICATION

In this paper, we propose the application of fuzzy-MLP in theclassification of ultrasonic liver images. The four sets of ultrasonic liverimages used in the experiment are: normal, liver cysts, alcoholic cirrhosisand carcinoma.To deal with the sample images efficiently, we extract textural features fromthe Pathology Bearing Regions (PBRs) of the ultrasound liver images. Theselected features for the classification are entropy, energy and maximumprobability-based texture features extracted using gray level co-occurrencematrix second-order statistics. The fuzzy-MLP model is constructed for theselected features classify various categories of ultrasonic liver images.The efficacy of Fuzzy-MLP model and conventional artificial neural network(ANN) has been compared on the basis of the same feature vector. A testwith 82 training data and 110 test data for all the four classes shows 92.73%classification accuracy for the proposed fuzzy-MLP model. It is comparedwith the 81.82% counterpart provided by conventional ANN method

Internal Model Control Tuned Proportional Integral Derivative for Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Dynamic Model

In recent times, there are has been growing substantive attention to the quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) stability control. However, inherent nonlinearity is a major challenge with this control technique, this paper, therefore, developed a PID based Internal Model Control (IMC) method for the dynamic model of quadrotor UAV. The versatility and simplicity of the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller enable it to enjoy wide usage and acceptability as stability control methods for the unmanned aerial vehicles. The aim of this paper is to use the PID controller with IMC to control a UAV. The proposed approach - IMC-PID control method -was simulated using MATLAB software and X-plane flight simulator. Thereafter, a comparative analysis of the IMC-PID control method with Chien-Hrones-Reswick, Cohen-coon, and Ziegler Nichols based PID Controllers was done using pitch and altitude as performance metrics. Keywords: Internal Model Control,MATLAB/Simulink, Proportional Integral Derivative, Quadrotor, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV),X-Plane, DOI: 10.7176/CTI/9-01 Publication date: April 30th 202

Design and implementation of a prototype active infrared sensor controlled automatic sliding door for mitigation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

The door is an essential part of any structure that provides access and security of lives and properties. The manual operation of a door could be cumbersome and laborious when the traffic volume is high. Also, it has been observed that doors could serve as a medium of spreading the deadly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Therefore, a prototype automatic sliding door that plays a crucial role in curbing the spread of this infectious diseases has been designed and implemented in this paper. The design of the prototype sliding door is in two parts namely; the structural part and the automation part. The structural design of the door was achieved using the Microsoft Visio 2016 while the design of the automation system was achieved using express printed circuit board. The implementation of the structural part was achieved using 1 inch particle board while the implementation of the automation system was based on the components like the active infrared sensor, resistors (10 kΩ), capacitor (1000 µF), transistors (TIP41 Q8, BC548 Q7), LED indicators, press button switch, pulley system, drive belt, stepper motor (IP65), and ATMEGA 8 microcontroller. The result of the tests carried out on the door showed that the prototype automatic sliding door was characterized by average opening time, closing time, delay time, and optimal sensing range of 3.10 s, 3.05 s, 5.72 s, and 23.5 cm, respectively. It can therefore be concluded from this work that the prototype automatic sliding door is effective in overriding the manual operation of the door

REAL TIME ASSESSMENT OF 500-KVA, 11/0.415 KV DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER SITUATED AT BELLS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OTA, OGUN STATE USING FLUKE 435 SERIES II

Distribution transformer being major equipment in utility companies deserves to be routinely scrutinized for its performance with a view to ensure continuous supply of energy to end-users as well as to sustain improved revenue collection by the utility company. Presented in this paper is the real time assessment of 500-kVA, 11/0.415 kV distribution transformer situated at Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State using power quality and energy analyzer equipment. The parameters measured on real time include phase to neutral voltage, phase to phase voltage, root mean square and peak current, frequency, active power, reactive and apparent power and line power factor. The assessment revealed wide variation of system voltages far from the standard, however, the line power factor and as well as frequency of operation was observed to be within the standard. Based on this analysis, several findings and appropriate recommendations were suggested to improve the supply of energy in the study area. It is hope that the findings of this research will be of immense benefit to distribution engineers at the Department of works in Bells University of Technology, Ota for field compliance

REAL TIME ASSESSMENT OF 500-KVA, 11/0.415 KV DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER SITUATED AT BELLS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OTA, OGUN STATE USING FLUKE 435 SERIES II

Distribution transformer being major equipment in utility companies deserves to be routinely scrutinized for its performance with a view to ensure continuous supply of energy to end-users as well as to sustain improved revenue collection by the utility company. Presented in this paper is the real time assessment of 500-kVA, 11/0.415 kV distribution transformer situated at Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State using power quality and energy analyzer equipment. The parameters measured on real time include phase to neutral voltage, phase to phase voltage, root mean square and peak current, frequency, active power, reactive and apparent power and line power factor. The assessment revealed wide variation of system voltages far from the standard, however, the line power factor and as well as frequency of operation was observed to be within the standard. Based on this analysis, several findings and appropriate recommendations were suggested to improve the supply of energy in the study area. It is hope that the findings of this research will be of immense benefit to distribution engineers at the Department of works in Bells University of Technology, Ota for field compliance

Reliability Assessment of some Selected 11 kV Feeders within Ibadan Distribution Network

The energy satisfaction that consumers can obtain from the central grid solely depends on how reliable the feeder to which such customers are connected, simply because the reliability of both generation and transmission is not enough to guarantee adequate and secure energy delivery. It is on this premise that this paper employed load point reliability indices to assess selected feeders within the Ibadan electricity distribution network. The required data for this analysis was collected from the Ibadan Electricity Distribution Company, at Ring Road, Ibadan, the collected data captured the total number of faults, total fault duration, and total operating time from 2016 to 2019. The load point reliability indices used as performance metrics include Failure Rate (FR), Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), Mean Time to Repair (MTTR), Availability Factor (AVF), and Maintainability (M). An adequate comparison of each of these indices on each feeder was made for the period of investigation. It was discovered that many of these feeders were not reliable. Therefore, the need to carry out extensive maintenance on these feeders is non-negotiable. Also, the result of this analysis will help the Distribution Company (DisCo) to make informed decisions that will accelerate the reliability of these 11kV feeders across the investigated region