Nonuniversality of indirect CP asymmetries in D→ππ,KKD \to \pi\pi, KK decays

We point out that, if the direct CP asymmetries in the $D \to \pi^+ \pi^-$ and $D \to K^+ K^-$ decays are unequal, the indirect CP asymmetries as measured in these modes are necessarily unequal. This nonuniversality of indirect CP asymmetries can be significant with the right amount of new physics contributions, a scenario that may be fine-tuned, but is still viable. A model-independent fit to the current data allows different indirect CP asymmetries in the above two decays. This could even be contributing to the apparent tension between the difference CP asymmetries $\Delta A_{\rm CP}$ measured through the pion-tagged and muon-tagged data samples at the LHCb. This also implies that the measurements of $A_\Gamma$ and $y_{\rm CP}$ in the $\pi^+ \pi^-$ and $K^+ K^-$ decay modes can be different, and averaging over these two modes should be avoided. In any case, the complete analysis of CP violation measurements in the $D$ meson sector needs to take into account the possibility of different indirect CP asymmetries in the $\pi^+\pi^-$ and $K^+ K^-$ channels.Comment: 23 pages, 14 Postscript figures, matches published versio

Phase effects in neutrino conversions during a supernova shock wave

Neutrinos escaping from a core collapse supernova a few seconds after bounce pass through the shock wave, where they may encounter one or more resonances corresponding to $\Delta m^2_{\rm atm}$. The neutrino mass eigenstates in matter may stay coherent between these multiple resonances, giving rise to oscillations in the survival probabilities of neutrino species. We provide an analytical approximation to these inevitable phase effects, that relates the density profile of the shock wave to the oscillation pattern. The phase effects are present only if the multiple resonances encountered by neutrinos are semi-adiabatic, which typically happens for 10^{-5} \lsim \sin^2 \theta_{13} \lsim 10^{-3}. The observability of these oscillations is severely limited by the inability of the detectors to reconstruct the neutrino energy faithfully. For typical shock wave profiles, the detection of these phase effects seems rather unlikely. However, if the effects are indeed identified in the \nuebar spectra, they would establish inverted hierarchy and a nonzero value of $\theta_{13}$.Comment: 10 pages, 9 eps figures. Major changes made. Final version to be published in PR

Critical appraisal of Drug Promotional Literatures (DPLs) as per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines

Background: The study was aimed to critically analyse Drug Promotional Literatures (DPLs) using WHO guidelines. This would help to create awareness about DPLs amongst healthcare providers thus encouraging the improvement of healthcare system.Methods: This cross sectional observational study was carried out at Department of Pharmacology, Medical College Baroda. DPLs were collected & critically analysed for consistency, accuracy, validity of the provided information as per WHO guidelines.Results: Out of total 616 DPLs collected, 371 satisfied the inclusion criteria. None of the DPL was fulfilling all criteria according to WHO guidelines. Most of DPLs were having information regarding; generic name / INN (98.39%), brand name (100%), amount of active ingredient per dosage (94.07%), approved therapeutic uses (84.91%), dosage form (91.37%) and name & address of manufacturers (91.91%). Of all the DPLs, information provided for safety parameters like; name of active ingredient known to cause problem (11.59%), dosage regimen (32.88%), side effects & drug reaction (14.56%), major drug interactions (14.02%) and precautions, contraindications and warning (14.29%) seemed to be grossly neglected. Total of 431 claims were evaluated, of which the most common type of claim was efficacy (55.45%). Relevant references to claims were present in (48.74%) DPLs. Total 203 references were evaluated from 371 DPLs, of which maximum reference were from journal article (74.38%).Conclusions: From this study, it was concluded that pharmaceutical companies didn’t follow the WHO guidelines for ethical drug promotion, thus failing to fulfil the rational promotion of drugs. Given the present findings physicians should be cautious about drawing conclusions regarding medicine based on DPLs provided by pharmaceutical companies

PREPARATION, DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF APIGENIN IN APIGENIN–HYDROGENATED SOY PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (HSPC) COMPLEX

Objective: To Develop simple, sensitive UV – visible spectrophotometric method for determination of Apigenin (APG) in Apigenin – Hydrogenated Soy Phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) Complex.Methods: The APG –HSPC Complex (phytosomes) were prepared by dissolving both APG and HSPC in 20 ml mixture of 1, 4 – dioxane: methanol at a ratio of (14:6) by refluxing and complex produced by solvent evaporation method. The spectrophotometric detection of APG was done at the absorption maximum (λ max) of 335 nm and 268 nm using methanol as solvent. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.Results: APG content in APG – HSPC Complex was found to be 82.86±0.90% and 76.89±0.84% at 335 nm and 268 nm. APG exhibited good linearity in concentration range 2 – 12 µg/ml (r2>0.99) at 335 nm and 2 – 14 µg/ml (r2>0.99) at 268 nm. Precision and mean recoveries were found to be in the range of (% RSD 0.0981 & 0.0989) and (% RSD 0.0829 & 0.1116) and 94.67±2.52 % & 86.56±1.90 % at 335 nm and at 268 nm. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be (0.0106µg/ml & 0.0322µg/ml) and (0.0259µg/ml & 0.0757µg/ml) respectively.Conclusion: The developed method was found to be minimal, specific, economic, reliable, accurate, precise, and reproducible that used as a quality control tool for analysis of APG.Â

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF APAMARGA AND KUTAJA PRATISARANIYA KSHARA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SECOND DEGREE HAEMORRHOIDS (ARSHA)

Arsha (haemorrhoid) is known to mankind as a common anorectal disease. According to Ayurveda Mithyaaaharvihara i.e., unhealthy lifestyle is one of the major aetiological factor of Arsha and it is unavoidable in this busy modern lifestyle due to junk food habits and lack of time. This habit causes vitiation of Doshas which affect digestive fire (Mandagni) and cause constipation. Hence constipation is one of the major causes for hemorrhoid. It is also known as “Mahagadas” which means difficult to cure. Acharya Sushruta has mentioned that Ksharakarma is one of the effective methods of treating Gudarsha. In these research article efforts has been made to treat II0 Haemorrhoids by Ksharakarma. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Apamarg and Kutaj Pratisaaraniya Kshar in the management of hemorrhoids. Materials and methods: An open Randomized comparative clinical study. The entire 40 patients were divided into two groups; Group-A: 20 patients- Application of Apamarg Pratisaaraniya Kshara, Group-B: 20 patients- Application of Kutaj Pratisaraniya Kshara. Observation and Results: According to the Chi-Square test the value obtained was 29.565 and p value was 0.0001 which is highly significantin group A. Conclusion: As per the complete analytical data and observation of the result found in the both group it has been revealed that patient to whom Apamarg Kshar was applied has the better result as compared to the application of Kutaja Kshara

PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF GUDAGATA VIKARA (ANORECTAL DISORDERS)- AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE

Gudagata Vikara (Anorectal disorders) refers to ailments of the anus and/ or rectum. Gudagata Vikara includes; Arsha (Haemorrhoids), Bhagandara (Fistula in Ano), Parikartika (Fissure in Ano), Guda Kandu (Pruritus Ani), etc. These are some common disorders in human being. A study by Sharma et al. showed that Hemorrhoids (49%) and fistula-in-ano (27%) were commonest anorectal conditions, mostly affecting the age group 18-45 years. Apathya Ahara and Vihara leads to vitiation of Doshas causing Mandagni and vitiation of Apanavayu resulting in stagnation of Mala in Gudavali which leads to anorectal disorders. In present study a thorough and scientific review of Ahara (diet) and Vihara (lifestyle) has been carried out for the prevention and management of anorectal diseases. Materials and methods: Ayurvedic treaties, text books, Dissertation, Articles from PUBMED, SCOPUS, Google scholar, Mesh, Google search has been searched thoroughly related to the subject. Discussion: Gudagata Vikara, Anorectal Disorders, Ahara (Diet), Vihara (Lifestyle), Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Sadvritta has been discussed. Conclusions: Food articles mentioned in Ayurvedic text are effective in the management of Anorectal diseases. Lifestyle changes according to Dinacharya, Ritucharya and Sadavritta and following do’s and don’ts are effective in the management of Anorectal disease

Determining Bakrie Telecom\u27s Business Strategy to Boost the Revenue From Internet Data Business

The study is aim to explore & analyze business model and business strategy for Bakrie Telecom (BTEL) in order to increase the revenue from internet data business. Trend of internet/telecommunication such as the use of smartphone (Android, IPhone, and BlackBerry) are giving significant revenue for operator. But total revenue earned by Bakrie Telecom, not quite able to offset current funds out. Issues facing Bakrie Telecom in internet data business can be overcome by applying a Business Model Canvas, which has nine factors that include improvements in Customer/Client, Brand Development, campaign activities to increase product awareness, product delivery by the supplier, resources development, budget/fees management, and which revenues to be gained. This research will get excellent result if capable of forming Canvas business model measured its success by applying Diamond business strategy in Bakrie Telecom. Those strategy is expected to increase corporate earnings especially from internet data business and able to earn internet market widespread in Indonesia. The recommendation to implement business model and business strategy are began by providing employees upgrading/training skills, improvements in terms of finances, expansion and infrastructure\u27s development and build the programs that can make customers interested in using internet products of Bakrie Telecom

“Risks in Build Operate Transfer (BOT) Infrastructure Project: A Case Study on Shirwal-Lonand-Phaltan-Baramati Road Project”

The construction industry in India is expected to be worth Rs 120 billion per year; the sector caters to the requirements of billions of people and contributes 5.5% to the country’s GDP. However construction industry continues to face challenges around skill deficiency, escalation in material and labour expenses, and socioeconomic changes. The main intent of this research study is to focus on the India construction transportation sector with an emphasis on multiple project risk factors. The progress of the construction sector in India has been comparatively slow compared with the industrial and manufacturing sectors. The Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) scheme is now becoming one of the usual ways for construction development in India to meet the needs of India’s forthcoming economic growth and development. There are great opportunities for overseas investors to finance in India. However, undertaking construction venture in India, involves many risks and difficulties that are due primarily to variances in legal systems, market situation and culture. It is vital for overseas investors to recognize and manage the critical risks linked with investments in India’s BOT schemes. Based on the review, the following critical risks are recognized: 1) delay in approval, 2) change in law, 3) cost overrun, 4) dispatch constraint, 5) land acquisition and compensation, 6) enforceability of contracts, 7) construction schedule, 8) financial closing, 9) tariff adjustment, and 10) environmental risk. The methods for mitigating each of these risks are also discussed the factors responsible for time overruns for traditional and BOT projects are identified through a survey. The relative importance and significance of these factors are investigated. Purpose of this paper is to investigate the risks associated with Build Operate Transfer (BOT) schemes in India

Analysis on the Effectiveness of AXIS Mobile Internet Strategy and Identification of Areas for Future Improvements

The market penetration for voice and SMS hasreached 100% and style of communication has change using data(mobile internet). Mobile internet has be new source that isexpected to increase operator revenues. The development ofmobile internet technology from 2G (EDGE) to 3G (HSDPA) andsmart phone supports the development of mobile internet usersin Indonesia. For three years Axis quite successfully apply CostLeadership strategy to compete with the other operators,especially with medium-class operator. In 2011, Axis revenuegrowth target didn\u27t fit with target which grew only 90% of thetarget of 100%. Axis has a target to 3 major operators inIndonesia within the next two years to reach this target, the Axishave to compete with the current three major operators. Basedon existing problems, AXIS should immediately makeimprovements in all business lines including mobile internet. Thisthesis has focused on analyzing the right strategy for mobileinternet using qualitative data and using Axis Five ForcesFramework and SWOT analysis. The result from Five ForcesFramework is industry of mobile internet have good prospectand using SWOT analysis to find the strength and weakness ofAXIS. From 5 Business level strategies, find the best strategy isdifferentiation strategy. Differentiation strategy start fromdevelop customer loyalty program, maintain quality coveragearea of mobile internet, aiming for premium users and bundlingprograms on high-end gadgets are feature or system need toapply in Axis for this strategy