46 research outputs found
Python interface for object-oriented verification methods: SAL
Seminario técnico de las becas de formación de posgraduados de Aemet celebrado el 3 de junio de 2013. Proyecto: Métodos avanzados de post-proceso y presentación de productos de Sistemas de Predicción por Conjuntos para el Corto Plaz
Auditoria energética de un edificio terciario : residencia de mayores
El presente proyecto surge como resultado de un proyecto real, consistente en la elaboración de un estudio energético a un edificio perteneciente al Sector Terciario. Pretende llevarse a cabo la realización de una auditoría energética en una Residencia de Mayores con el objetivo principal de obtener un conocimiento óptimo del perfil de los consumos energéticos, identificando y valorando las posibilidades de ahorro de energía según cada sistema, proponiendo medidas de mejora y realizando su evaluación técnica y económica. Para la consecución de este objetivo principal se ha necesitado realizar una campaña de medidas que ha consistido en la obtención de mediciones y registros de parámetros eléctricos, térmicos y de confort, inventariar equipos e instalaciones existentes, conocer las condiciones normales de funcionamiento del centro, analizar y estudiar los datos recogidos durante las visitas y la información aportada por el personal del centro. Con las medidas de mejora energética propuestas se reduce el consumo del edificio un 4,39 %, dando como resultado un periodo de retorno de 4,40 años. ABSTRACT The following project is the result of a real project, involving the development of an energy study to a building belonging to the Tertiary Sector. Energetic audit is performed at a home for the elderly with the main aim of getting knowledge on its optimal energy consumption profile. For this purpose, the possibilities in the energy savings for each system are identified and evaluated. To achieve our goal, we have carried out a measurement campaign consisting of: obtaining and recording measurements of electrical, thermal and comfort parameters, inventory of existing equipment and facilities, acquisition of knowledge about the normal operating conditions of the center, and analysis and study of the data collected during visits and information provided by the staff. As a conclusion of this study it should be noted that the proposed improvement measures will minimize energy consumption of the building 4.39%, resulting in a payback period of 4,40 years
Nuevos métodos de verificación de las predicciones numéricas de precipitación: el método SAL aplicado en la mesoescala
Ponencia presentada en: XXXII Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XIII Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Alcobendas (Madrid), del 28 al 30 de mayo de 2012
Regional circulation patterns of Mediterranean Outflow Water near the Iberian and African continental slopes
The Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) is a dense water
mass originated in the Strait of Gibraltar. Downstream of the Gulf of Cádiz,
the MOW forms a reservoir region west of the Iberian continental slopes at a
buoyant depth of approximately 1000 m. This region plays a key role as the
main centre where the MOW is mixed and distributed into the North Atlantic.
The seafloor in this area is characterized by the presence of a complex
bathymetry with three abyssal plains separated by mountain chains. Although
the topographic features do not reach the surface, they influence ocean
flows at intermediate and deep ocean layers, conditioning the distribution
and circulation of MOW.
The Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service (CMEMS) Iberian–Biscay–Ireland (IBI) ocean reanalysis is used to provide a detailed view of the
circulation and mixing processes of MOW near the Iberian and African
continental slopes. This work emphasizes the relevance of the complex
bathymetric features defining the circulation processes of MOW in this
region. The high resolution of the IBI reanalysis allows us to make a
description of the mesoscale features forced by the topography. The
temperature, salinity, velocity, transport, and vorticity fields are
analysed to understand the circulation patterns of MOW. The high-resolution
circulation patterns reveal that Horseshoe Basin and the continental
slope near Cape Ghir (a.k.a. Cap Rhir or Cabo de Aguer) are key areas controlling the mixing processes of MOW
with the surrounding water masses, mainly North Atlantic Central Water (NACW)
and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). The water mass
variability is also analysed by means of composite analysis. Results
indicate the existence of a variability in the MOW tongue which retracts and
expands westwards in opposition to the movement of the underlying North
Atlantic Deep Water.</p
Sio emission as a tracer of x-ray dominated chemistry in the Galactic center
We present emission maps of the Sgr A molecular cloud complex at the Galactic center (GC) in the J = 2 → 1 line of SiO observed with the IRAM 30 m telescope at Pico Veleta. Comparing our SiO(2–1) data cube with that of CS(1–0) emission with similar angular and velocity resolution, we find a correlation between the SiO/CS line intensity ratio and the equivalent width of the Fe Kα fluorescence line at 6.4 keV. We discuss the SiO abundance
enhancement in terms of the two most plausible scenarios for the origin of the 6.4 keV Fe line: X-ray reflection nebula (XRN) and low-energy cosmic rays (LECRs). Both scenarios could explain the enhancement in the SiO/CS intensity ratio with the intensity of the 6.4 keV Fe line, but both present difficulties. The XRN scenario requires a population of very small grains to produce the SiO abundance enhancement, together with a past episode of bright X-ray emission from some source in the GC, possibly the central supermassive black hole, SgrA∗,~300 yr ago. The LECR scenario needs higher gas column densities to produce the observed 6.4 keV Fe line intensities than those derived from our observations. It is possible to explain the SiO abundance enhancement if the LECRs originate in supernovae and their associated shocks produce the SiO abundance enhancement. However, the LECR scenario cannot account for the time variability of the 6.4 keV Fe line, which can be naturally explained by the XRN scenario
Extreme wave height events in NW Spain: a combined multi-sensor and model approach
The Galician coast (NW Spain) is a region that is strongly influenced by the presence of
low pressure systems in the mid-Atlantic Ocean and the periodic passage of storms that give rise
to severe sea states. Since its wave climate is one of the most energetic in Europe, the objectives of
this paper were twofold. The first objective was to characterize the most extreme wave height events
in Galicia over the wintertime of a two-year period (2015–2016) by using reliable high-frequency
radar wave parameters in concert with predictions from a regional wave (WAV) forecasting system
running operationally in the Iberia-Biscay-Ireland (IBI) area, denominated IBI-WAV. The second
objective was to showcase the application of satellite wave altimetry (in particular, remote-sensed
three-hourly wave height estimations) for the daily skill assessment of the IBI-WAV model product.
Special attention was focused on monitoring Ophelia—one of the major hurricanes on record in
the easternmost Atlantic—during its 3-day track over Ireland and the UK (15–17 October 2017).
Overall, the results reveal the significant accuracy of IBI-WAV forecasts and prove that a combined
observational and modeling approach can provide a comprehensive characterization of severe wave
conditions in coastal areas and shows the benefits from the complementary nature of both systems.The authors also would like to thank the support by Interreg Atlantic Area project MyCOAST (EAPA 285/2016) co-funded by the ERDF (EU)S
Discovery of a superluminal Fe K echo at the Galactic Center: The glorious past of Sgr A* preserved by molecular clouds
We present the result of a study of the X-ray emission from the Galactic
Centre (GC) Molecular Clouds (MC) within 15 arcmin from Sgr A*. We use
XMM-Newton data (about 1.2 Ms of observation time) spanning about 8 years. The
MC spectra show all the features characteristic of reflection: i) intense Fe
Kalpha, with EW of about 0.7-1 keV, and the associated Kbeta line; ii) flat
power law continuum and iii) a significant Fe K edge (tau~0.1-0.3). The diffuse
low ionisation Fe K emission follows the MC distribution, nevertheless not all
MC are Fe K emitters. The long baseline monitoring allows the characterisation
of the temporal evolution of the MC emission. A complex pattern of variations
is shown by the different MC, with some having constant Fe K emission, some
increasing and some decreasing. In particular, we observe an apparent
super-luminal motion of a light front illuminating a Molecular nebula. This
might be due to a source outside the MC (such as Sgr A* or a bright and long
outburst of a X-ray binary), while it cannot be due to low energy cosmic rays
or a source located inside the cloud. We also observe a decrease of the X-ray
emission from G0.11-0.11, behaviour similar to the one of Sgr B2. The line
intensities, clouds dimensions, columns densities and positions with respect to
Sgr A*, are consistent with being produced by the same Sgr A* flare. The
required high luminosity (about 1.5~10^39 erg/s) can hardly be produced by a
binary system, while it is in agreement with a flare of Sgr A* fading about 100
years ago. The low intensity of the Fe K emission coming from the 50 and the 20
km/s MC places an upper limit of 10^36 erg/s to the mean luminosity of Sgr A*
in the last 60-90 years. The Fe K emission and variations from these MC might
have been produced by a single flare of Sgr A*.Comment: ApJ in press 17 pages, 14 Figures, 3 table
Interstellar gas within pc of Sgr A
We seek to obtain a coherent and realistic three-dimensional picture of the
interstellar gas out to about 10 pc of the dynamical center of our Galaxy,
which is supposed to be at Sgr A. We review the existing observational
studies on the different gaseous components that have been identified near Sgr
A, and retain all the information relating to their spatial configuration
and/or physical state. Based on the collected information, we propose a
three-dimensional representation of the interstellar gas, which describes each
component in terms of both its precise location and morphology and its
thermodynamic properties. The interstellar gas near Sgr A can represented
by five basic components, which are, by order of increasing size: (1) a central
cavity with roughly equal amounts of warm ionized and atomic gases, (2) a ring
of mainly molecular gas, (3) a supernova remnant filled with hot ionized gas,
(4) a radio halo of warm ionized gas and relativistic particles, and (5) a belt
of massive molecular clouds. While the halo gas fills of the
studied volume, the molecular components enclose of the
interstellar mass.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure
El Sistema de Predicción por conjuntos para el Corto Plazo de AEMET (AEMET-SREPS): migración a la mesoescala
Ponencia presentada en: XXXII Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XIII Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Alcobendas (Madrid), del 28 al 30 de mayo de 2012.El Sistema de Predicción por Conjuntos para el Corto Plazo desarrollado en la AEMET (AEMET-SREPS),
pionero en Europa como multi-modelo en la predicción probabilística con modelos de área limitada (Limited
Area Models, LAM), pasa a una fase de transición a la mesoescala gamma. Se revisa en este artículo tanto su
historia, aplicaciones y logros como su configuración actual, perspectiva y líneas de investigación