16 research outputs found
Short paper: Cheat Detection and Prevention in P2P MOGs
International audienceIn peer-to-peer games, cheaters can easily disrupt the game state computation and dissemination, perform illegal actions and unduly gain access to sensitive information. We propose AntiCheat - a cheat detection and prevention protocol following a mutual verification approach complemented with information exposure mitigation. It is based on a randomized dynamic proxy scheme for both the dissemination and verification of actions and further reduces the information exposed to players close to the minimum required to render the game. We build a proof-of-concept prototype on top of Quake III. Experimentations with up to 48 players show that opportunities to cheat can be significantly reduced, even in the presence of colluding cheaters, while keeping good performance
Web-graph pre-compression for similarity based algorithms
The size of web-graph created from crawling the web is an issue for every search engine. The amount of data gathered by web crawlers makes it impossible to load the web-graph into memory which increases the number of I/O operations. Compression can help reduce run-time of web-graph processing algorithms. We introduce a new algorithm for compressing the link structure of the web graph by grouping similar pages together and building a smaller representation of the graph. The resulted graph has far less edges than the original and the similarity between adjacency lists of nodes is increased dramatically which makes it more suitable for graph compression algorithms. The characteristics of the resulted graph are similar to the original. We also ensure fast decompression of the compressed graph. Partial decompression of the web-graph is also possible. The result of the precompression can be loaded into memory and the increased similarity between adjacency nodes makes it suitable for further use of compression and web-algorithms
Deflections and Stresses of Antisymmetric Angle-Ply Clamped Plates under Transverse Loading
Closed-form solutions are not tractable for clamped composite plates due to the boundary conditions and anisotropy of the plate. In the present work, a method based on Lagrange multipliers is developed for the bending analysis of antisymmetric angle-ply clamped plates. The transverse shear flexibility is incorporated in the energy functional. Boundary conditions not satisfied by the assumed series are enforced using Lagrange multipliers. Results are presented to study the influence of shear deformation, anisotropy, aspect ratio and loadings on the deflections and stresses of clamped plates
AntReckoning: Dead Reckoning using Interest Modeling by Pheromones
International audienceIn games, the goals and interests of players are key factors in their behavior. However, techniques used by networked games to cope with infrequent updates and message loss, such as dead reckoning, estimate a player's movements based on previous observations only. The estimations are typically done using dynamics of motion, taking only inertia and external factors (e.g., gravity, wind) into account while completely ignoring the player's goals (e.g., chasing other players or collecting objects). This paper proposes AntReckoning: a dead reckoning algorithm, inspired from ant colonies, which models the players' interests to predict their movements. AntReckoning incorporates a player's interest in specific locations, objects, and avatars in the equations of motion in the form of attraction forces. In practice, these points of interest generate pheromones, which fade and spread in the game world, and are a source of attraction. Our simulations using mobility traces from World of Warcraft and Quake III show that AntReckoning improves the accuracy by up to 30% over traditional dead reckoning techniques
On the scalability and security of distributed multiplayer online games
Multiplayer Online Games (MOGs) are an extremely popular online technology, one that produces billions of dollars in revenues. Yet, providing scalable, fast, and cheat-resistant games is challenging. In this thesis we propose solutions to some of these challenges.The underlying architecture plays a crucial role in enabling the games to meet the scalability, response time, and low cost requirements that are of utmost importance in designing a successful massively multiplayer online game. Peer-to-peer architectures where the game runs exclusively on client machines, and hybrid approaches, where some tasks run on the clients while a central server controls other aspects, have, due to their distributed and collaborative nature, low infrastructure costs, and can achieve high scalability. They can also achieve fast response times by creating direct connections between players. However, they introduce their own challenges such as cheating. As one contribution of this thesis, we provide a comprehensive overview of current peer-to-peer and hybrid solutions for massively multiplayer games using a uniform terminology.Most of the solutions we studied fail to meet one of the following main requirements: (1) fast response time, (2) scalability, (3) cheat-resistance. This thesis makes several proposals that address these requirements: Watchmen, mobile security, AntReckoning, and AntAI.Watchmen is the first distributed scalable protocol designed with cheat detection and prevention in mind that supports fast paced games. It is based on a randomized dynamic proxy scheme for both the dissemination and verification of actions. We show that Watchmen, while scaling to hundreds of players and meeting the tight latency requirements of first person shooter games, is able to significantly reduce opportunities to cheat, even in the presence of collusion. In the context of cheating we also look at the fast rising genre of mobile games. We discuss existing and potential new avenues of cheating that can occur in such mobile environment, and suggest several solutions to improve security based on existing and novel services that are or can be offered by carriers, ecosystems, and developers.AntReckoning is a dead-reckoning algorithm, inspired from ant colonies, which models players' interests to predict their movements. It helps our architecture by allowing us to send updates at lower frequencies and with more accurate predictions which in turn improves the scalability and the quality of experience of the players. AntReckoning incorporates a player's interest in specific locations, objects, and avatars in the equations of motion in the form of attraction forces. In practice, these points of interest generate pheromones, which spread and fade in the game world, and are a source of attraction. AntReckoning greatly improves the accuracy of traditional dead reckoning techniques and can decrease the upload bandwidth by up to a third of overall traffic.Interest modeling can also be used to improve the performance of non-player characters in games. In our AntAI project, we detail how movements, interactions, use of items, and relying on static decision-making schemes result in markedly different behaviors from humans in a popular fist-person shooter game. From there, we propose a framework relying on our pheromone maps, which can lead to a more adaptive human-like behavior.Altogether, this thesis presents components that we believe are key elements for a scalable, cheat-resistant, and fast multiplayer online game architecture.Les jeux multijoueurs en ligne constituent Ă lâheure actuelle une technologie en ligne trĂšs populaire qui gĂ©nĂšre des milliards de dollars en revenus. En dĂ©pit de cela, offrir des jeux qui sont Ă la fois extensibles, rapides et rĂ©sistants Ă la tricherie est toujours un dĂ©fi. Dans cette thĂšse, nous proposons des solutions Ă certains de ces dĂ©fis.Lâarchitecture sous-jacente joue un rĂŽle crucial lorsque lâon souhaite dĂ©velopper des jeux qui rencontrent des contraintes dâextensibilitĂ©, de faible temps de rĂ©ponse et de faible coĂ»t. Ces contraintes sont dâune importance capitale si lâon souhaite que le jeu massivement multijoueurs en ligne ainsi dĂ©veloppĂ© devienne un succĂšs. Les architectures pair-Ă -pair, oĂč le jeu sâexĂ©cute uniquement sur les machines des clients (joueurs), ainsi que les approches hybrides, oĂč certaines tĂąches du jeu sâexĂ©cutent sur les machines des clients tandis quâun serveur central gĂšre dâautres aspects du jeu, permettent, de par leur nature distribuĂ©e et collaborative, dâatteindre une haute extensibilitĂ© tout en minimisant les coĂ»ts dâinfrastructure. Ces architectures permettent Ă©galement dâatteindre des temps de rĂ©ponse Ă©levĂ©s en Ă©tablissant des connexions directes entre les joueurs. Cependant, elles introduisent Ă©galement certains dĂ©fis Ă rĂ©soudre tels que la possibilitĂ© de tricher. En tant que contribution Ă cette thĂšse, nous exposons une vue dâensemble exhaustive des solutions pair-Ă -pair et hybrides courantes pour les jeux massivement multijoueurs en ligne utilisant une technologie uniforme.La plupart des solutions que nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© ne respectent pas lâune des exigences principales suivantes: (1) temps de rĂ©ponse rapide, (2) extensibilitĂ©, (3) rĂ©sistance Ă la tricherie. Cette thĂšse dĂ©crit les diffĂ©rents projets sur lesquels nous avons travaillĂ© qui visent Ă mettre en oeuvre ces exigences: Watchmen, sĂ©curitĂ© mobile (mobile security), AntReckoning et AntAI.Watchmen est le premier protocole extensible et distribuĂ© conçu spĂ©cifiquement pour la dĂ©tection et la prĂ©vention de la tricherie qui prend en charge les jeux Ă rythme rapide (fast-paced). Ce protocole est basĂ© sur un schĂ©ma dâassignation dynamique alĂ©atoire de noeuds-relais (proxie) pour effectuer tant la dissĂ©mination que la vĂ©rification des actions. Nous dĂ©montrons que Watchmen est en mesure de rĂ©duire de maniĂšre significative les possibilitĂ©s de tricherie, mĂȘme en prĂ©sence de collusion et ce, tout en prenant en charge des centaines de joueurs et en rencontrant les exigences strictes de latence imposĂ©es par les jeux de tirs Ă la premiĂšre personne. Dans le contexte de la tricherie, nous nous attardons Ă©galement aux jeux mobiles. Nous discutons des possibilitĂ©s existantes et des nouvelles avenues potentielles de tricherie qui peuvent survenir dans des environnements mobiles et nous suggĂ©rons diffĂ©rentes solutions pour amĂ©liorer la sĂ©curitĂ©. Ces solutions sont basĂ©es sur des services existants ou nouveaux qui sont ou qui pourrait ĂȘtre offerts par les opĂ©rateurs, Ă©cosystĂšmes et dĂ©veloppeurs.AntReckonning est un algorithme de navigation Ă lâestime (dead-reckoning) inspirĂ© des colonies de fourmis qui modĂšle les intĂ©rĂȘts des joueurs pour prĂ©dire leurs mouvements. Ce modĂšle est bĂ©nĂ©fique pour notre architecture puisquâil nous permet de transmettre les mises Ă jour Ă des frĂ©quences infĂ©rieures et avec des prĂ©dictions plus prĂ©cises, ce qui permet dâamĂ©liorer lâextensibilitĂ© et la qualitĂ© de lâexpĂ©rience des joueurs. AntReckoning incorpore lâintĂ©rĂȘt des joueurs pour des emplacements, objets et avatars spĂ©cifiques au sein dâĂ©quations de mouvement en tant que forces dâattraction. En pratique, ces points dâintĂ©rĂȘt gĂ©nĂšrent des phĂ©romones qui se diffusent et sâestompent dans le monde virtuel du jeu et qui sont des sources dâattraction. AntReckoning amĂ©liore de maniĂšre significative la prĂ©cision des techniques de navigation Ă lâestime traditionnelles et peut rĂ©duire la bande passante de tĂ©lĂ©versement (upload) jusquâĂ concurrence de un tiers du trafic total
Interest modeling in games: the case of dead reckoning
In games, the goals and interests of players are key factors in their behavior. However, techniques used by networked games to cope with infrequent updates and message loss, such as dead reckoning, estimate a player's movements based mainly on previous observations. The estimations are typically made by using dynamics of motion, taking only inertia and some external factors (e.g., gravity, wind) into account while completely ignoring the player's goals (e.g., chasing other players or collecting objects). This paper proposes AntReckoning: a dead reckoning algorithm, inspired from ant colonies, which models the players' interests to predict their movements. AntReckoning incorporates a player's interest in specific locations, objects, and avatars in the equations of motion in the form of attraction forces. In practice, these points of interest generate pheromones, which spread and fade in the game world, and are a source of attraction. To motivate and validate our approach we collected traces from Quake III. We conducted specific experiments that demonstrate the effect of game-related goals, map features, objects, and other players on the mobility of avatars. Our simulations using traces from Quake III and World of Warcraft show that AntReckoning improves the accuracy by up to 44 % over traditional dead reckoning techniques and can decrease the upload bandwidth by up to 32 %
Bending of Cross-Ply Laminated Clamped Plates Using Lagrange Multipliers
The application of the Lagrange multiplier method to the bending analysis of laminated cross-ply clamped plates is described. Transverse shear deformation effects are incorporated in the energy functional. Boundary conditions not satisfied by the assumed series expressions are enforced by Lagrange multipliers. A variety of results are presented for symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply plates with clamped boundary conditions to demonstrate the effect of anisotropy, plate geometry and span-to-depth ratios on the deflections. Closed form solutions are not tractable for laminated clamped plates and the results of the present methodology can be used as a reference for other approximate solutions