Status inconsistency of women: a study in Hamadan, Iran

This research investigates the status inconsistency among women in Hamadan province, Iran. The study was carried out in eight cities and 32 villages. Questionnaire was applied to collect data from 767 women from urban areas and 786 women from rural area. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software and multi-variable regressions. The results show considerable status inconsistency among women in Hamadan. In addition, with decreasing social status of women here, the status inconsistency increases and the rate of status inconsistency in the rural area was higher than the urban area

Social capital and human development: a meta analysis in Iran

This meta-analysis aims to assess the influence of social capital on the Human Development Index, Human Poverty Index, and Gender-related Development Index in Iran. The results reveal a positive and significant relationship between social capital and the human development index (HDI). The effect of social capital on the Human Poverty Index (HPI) was negative and significant. However, no significant relationship was found between social capital and the Gender-related Development Index (GDI)

Subchronic effects of different doses of Zinc oxide nanoparticle on reproductive organs of female rats: An experimental study

Background: Zinc performs many biochemical and physiological functions; however, toxicological studies demonstrate that Nano-zinc oxide has harmful effects on human health and environmental species in high concentrations. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on reproductive tissues of female rat. Materials and Methods: Eighty female Wistar adult rats weighing 180–200 gr, divided into eight groups (n= 10 in each group) including control, sham (treated with saline), and six groups injected with different doses of zinc oxide nanoparticle with 10–30 nanometer size (4, 8, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) twice a week for four weeks. At the end of the study, the rats were bled and slaughtered; the Ovary and Uterus were taken for histopathology studies and blood samples were transferred to the laboratory for biochemical analysis. Results: Microscopic diagnoses in ovary tissue were included; increase in the corpus luteum, follicular cysts, inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis. Histopathological changes in ovary in a dose-dependent manner. In uterus tissue the lesions consisted; epithelial destruction, hyperplasia of endometrial glands. The Estrogen and Progesterone level in the serum of rats increased in low doses and reduced in a dose-dependent manner at high doses. Conclusion: The results of the current study proved the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the ovary and uterus organs at high concentrations, so further investigation is needed to reduce these effects. Key words: Zinc oxide, Nanoparticles, Ovary, Uterus, Toxicity

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Protective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Nasturtium officinale on Rat Blood Cells Exposed to Arsenic

Background: Arsenic is one of the most toxic metalloids. Anemia and leukopenia are common results of poisoning with arsenic, which may happen due to a direct hemolytic or cytotoxic effect on blood cells. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Nasturtium officinale on blood cells and antioxidant enzymes in rats exposed to sodium (meta)arsenite. Methods: 32 Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups; Group I (normal healthy rats), Group II (treated with 5.5mg/kg of body weight of NaAsO2), Group III (treated with 500mg/kg of body weight of hydro-alcoholic extract of N. officinale), and Group IV (treated with group II and III supplementations). Blood samples were collected and red blood cell, white blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelet, total protein and albumin levels and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Data was analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test. Results: WBC, RBC and Hct were decreased in the rats exposed to NaAsO2 (p<0.05). A significant increase was seen in RBC and Hct after treatment with the plant extract (p<0.05). There was no significant decrease in serum albumin and total protein in the groups exposed to NaAsO2 compared to the group I, but NaAsO2 decreased the total antioxidant capacity, significantly. Conclusion: The Nasturtium officinale extract have protective effect on arsenic-induced damage of blood cells

بررسی نظرات و تجارب دکتر احمدیه در مورد اثرات درمانی فرآورده‌ سنّتی خاکشیر

Background and scope: Abdullah Ahmadieh is one of the most influential physicians in the Iran's contemporary era. He played a major role in the revival of Traditional Iranian Medicine in modern times. Although he graduated in conventional medicine, but was very interested in the Traditional Iranian Medicine, and had a great mastery in diagnostic methods of traditional medicine. In this study, we have tried to vote on the doctor Ahmadieh’s view about the therapeutic effects of descurainia Sophia. Furthermore, we review general properties of the plant seed in traditional medicine resources and compare it with conventional medicine. Methods: In this study, we reviewed the related books with titles of ''Raz-e-Darman'', ''Giahan-e-Darooei'', ''Makhzan-al-advieh'' and Databanks SID, IRANMEDEX, PUBMED, MAGIRAN, GOOGLE SCHOLAR and SCOPUS. Findings: The book “raze darman"(secrets of treatment) comprises his valuable reports about his personal experiences on the patients who had visited. Ahmadieh used both single herb and compound herbal medicines for treatment of the patients. Descurainia sophia is one of the medicinal herbs which he emphasized on the usefulness and therapeutic effects. Descurainia Sophia seed contains high amounts of minerals, various amino acids, fatty acids, phenolic compounds and Flanvnoids. New researches have proved the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anthelmintic effects of descurainia Sophia. Descurainia Sophia in the form of syrup is a commonly used beverage in Iran and is used as a cooling and laxative agent. Discussion and Conclusion: According to many health benefits, cheapness and public acceptance, this seed can be administered as a primary or adjunctive for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. However, this aim is fulfilled after perfect randomized clinical trials by researchers interested in the field of traditional medicine.دکتر عبدالله احمدیه، یکی از چهره‌های برجسته پزشکی است که نقش بزرگی در احیای مکتب غنی طب سنّتی ایران در دوران معاصر داشته است. او با آنکه دانش‌آموخته‌ طب نوین بود، به طب سنّتی ایران نیز علاقه‌ بسیاری داشت و شیوه‌های تشخیصی درمانی طب سنّتی را کاملاً می‏شناخت. کتاب «راز درمان» حاوی یادداشت‌های گران‌بهای او است. این کتاب گزارشی از تجارب شخصی درباره بیمارانی است که تحت درمان او قرار داشتند. دکتر احمدیه در درمان بیماران، هم از مفردات و هم از مرکبات گیاهی استفاده می‌کرد. در این پژوهش تلاش شده است تا آرای دکتر احمدیه در زمینه اثرات درمانی خاکشیر همراه با کلیاتی از خواص خاکشیر در منابع طب سنّتی بررسی و با خواص دارویی این گیاه در طب رایج مقایسه شود

مقایسه دیدگاه‌های ابن‌سینا و طب مدرن درباره بیماری نقرس

Gout is a common disease. Iranian traditional physician and on top of them Avicenna suggested various treatment method for gout. Avicenna believes that the most common cause of arthritis is gout. He classified gout by the causing agent to hot and cold dystemperament. Diagnosis is base on patient's condition, type and pattern of pain, joint swelling and dietary habits. Treatment is base on type of dystemperament of patients. Many methods of Avicenna for prevention and treatment of gout are similar with modern medicine. For example, dietary regimen and meat abstinence in conventional medicine are similar to Avicenna's recommendations in “Canon of Medicine”.بیماری نقرس یک بیماری شایع است. پزشکان ایرانی و در رأس آنها ابن‌سینا درباره جنبه‌های گوناگون بیماری نقرس صحبت کرده‌اند. از دیدگاه ابن‌سینا یکی از شایع‌ترین علت‏ درد مفاصل، نقرس است و علت آن سوء‎مزاج است. او نقرس را بر اساس عامل به‎وجود‎آورنده، به نوع گرم (دموی و صفراوی) و سرد (بلغمی و سودایی) تقسیم می‏کند. تشخیص بیماری با توجه به وضعیت بیمار و هم‎چنین نوع و طرح درد، ورم مفصل و عادات و رژیم غذایی است و بر اساس سوء‎مزاج تشخیص داده شده و با اتخاذ تدابیر مناسب، درمان انجام می‌شود. بسیاری از شیوه‌های پیش‎گیری و درمان ابن‌سینا با طب مدرن مطابقت دارد. برای مثال، درخصوص رعایت رژیم غذایی و پرهیز از گوشت قرمز و الکل آرای ابن‌سینا و توصیه‌های طب مدرن با یکدیگر مطابقت دارد