The frequency of fimbriae genes papA, fimH, kpsMT, papEF and ibeA in Escherichia coli isolated from children urinary tract infection

زمینه و هدف: سویه های اشریشیاکلی عامل مهمی در بروز عفونت ادراری بوده و به گروه اشریشیاکلی بیماری زای خارج گوارشی تعلق دارند. اشریشیاکلی یوروپاتوژنیک فاکتورهای حدت مختلفی را بروز می دهند. این فاکتورها در ایجاد کلونیزاسیون، تهاجم و متعاقب آن کاهش پاسخ دستگاه ایمنی میزبان می شوند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فراوانی ژن های حدت fimH،papAH ، ‏papEF، ‏kpsMT و ibeA از جدایه های اشریشیاکلی ایزوله شده از کودکان مبتلا به عفونت ادراری و تعیین حساسیت آنتی بیوتیکی آن بود. روش بررسی: در مجموع 60 جدایه اشریشیاکلی از نمونه های ادراری اخذ گردید. جدایه ها بر اساس تست های بیوشیمیایی و باکتریولوژی استاندارد تشخیص داده شدند. جدایه های تأیید شده به منظور تعیین ژن های papAH، ‏fimH، ‏kpsMT، ‏papEF‏ و ‎ ibeA‏‏توسط روش Multiplex-PCR مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. آزمون حساسیت آنتی بیوتیکی جدایه ها علیه 9 عامل ضد میکروبی صورت گرفت. یافته ها: ژن حدت fimH دارای بیشترین فراوانی (75) بود. سایر ژن ها شامل‏ ‏kpsMT، ‏papEF‏ و papAHبه ترتیب در 6/21، 6/11 و 10 جدایه ها شناسایی شدند. بیشترین میزان مقاومت به آنتی بیوتیک های پنی سیلین و آمپی سیلین به ترتیب با 3/96 و 2/87 فراوانی و بیشترین میزان حساسیت به ‏آنتی بیوتیک کوآموکسی کلاو با 6/94 فراوانی گزارش شد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان می دهد ژن fimH دارای بیشترین فراوانی در بین سویه های اشریشیاکلی جداسازی شده از عفونت اداری مربوط به کودکان می باشد و عامل مهمی در بیماری زایی این باکتری می باشد

A Comparative Study on the Sedative Effect of Oral Midazolam and Oral Promethazine Medication in Lumbar Puncture

How to Cite This Article: Derakhshanfar H, Modanlookordi M, Amini A, Shahrami A. A Comparative Study of the Sedative Effect of Oral Midazolam and Oral Promethazine Medication in Lumbar Puncture. Iran J Child Neurol. 2013 Spring;7(2):11-16. ObjectiveLumbar puncture (LP) essentially is a painful and stressful procedure that indicated for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. One way to reduce the anxiety is to administer an oral premedication. The aim of this study is to compare clinical effects of oral midazolam and oral promethazine in LP.Materials & MethodsThis prospective randomized controlled clinical trial study wasperformed on 80 children aged 2-7 years that were candidate for LP. They were divided into two randomized equal groups. First group received oral midazolam syrup 0.5 mg/kg and the other group received oral promethazine syrup 1mg/kg. Level of sedation, hemodynamic changes and any other complications were monitored every 5 minutes from 30 minutes before the start of the procedure.ResultsMidazolam group and promethazine group were similar in age, gender and weight. Midazolam had significantly shorter onset of sedation and also shorter duration to maximal sedation. The two groups were similar with respect to sedative effect at all time. The only complication that was significantly more in midazolam group was nausea and vomiting.ConclusionMidazolam syrup and promethazine syrup have same sedative effect in children. Both of these medications are easy to use in preschool children and none of them appeared to be superior to another. References1. Ellenby MS, Tegtmeyer K, Lai S, Braner DA. Lumbar Puncture. N Engl J Med 2006;28;355(13):e12.2. Crock C, Olsson C, Phillips R, Chalkiadis G, Sawyer S, Ashley D, et al. General anesthesia or conscious sedation for painful procedures in childhood cancer: The family’s perspective. Arch Dis Child 2003;88(3):253−7.3. Holdsworth MT, Raisch DW, Winter SS, Frost JD, Moro MA, Doran NH, et al. Pain and distress from Bone marrow aspirations and lumbar punctures. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37(1):17-22.4. Ellis JA, Villeneuve K, Newhook K, Ulrichsen J. Pain Management Practices for Lumbar Punctures: Are We Consistent? J Pediatr Nurs 2007 Dec;22(6):479-87.5. Mathai A, Nazareth M, Raju RS. Preanesthetic sedation of preschool children: comparison of intranasal midazolam versus oral promethazin. Anesth Essays Res 2011;5(1):67-71.6. McCann ME, Kain ZN. The management of preoperative anxiety in children: an update. Anesth Analg 2001; 93(1): 98–105.7. Kain ZN, Caldwell-Andrews AA. Psychological preparation of children undergoing surgery. Anesth Clinic NA 2005;23:597–614.8. Wolf AR, Rosenbarum A, Kain ZN, Larsson P, Lönnqvist PA. The place of premedication in pediatric practice. Paediatr Anaesth 2009;19(9):817-28.9. Yuen VM, Hui TW, Irwin MG, Yuen MK. A Comparison of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine and Oral Midazolam for Premedication in Pediatric Anesthesia: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesth Analg 2008;106(6):1715–21.10. Funk W, Jakob W, Riedl T, Taeger K. Oral preanaestheticmedication for children: double blind randomized study of a combination of midazplam and ketamine vs midazolam or ketamine alone. Br JAnaesth 2000;84(3):355-4011. Mazurek MS. Sedation and Analgesia for Procedures outside the Operating Room. Semin in Pediatr Surg 2004;13(3):166-173.12. Jo SH, Hong HK, Chong SH, Lee HS, Choe H. H1 antihistamine drug promethazine directly blocks hERG K+ channel. Pharmacol Res 2009;60(5):429-37.13. Gutstein HB, Johnson KL, Heard MB, Gregory GA. Oral Ketamine Preanesthetic Medication in children, Anesthesiology 1992;76(1):28-33.14. Almenrader N, Passariello M, Coccetti B, Haiber R, Pietropaoli P. Premedication in children: a comparison of oral midazolam and oral clonidine. Pediatr Anesth 2007;17(12):1143–9.15. Singh N, Pandey RK, Saksena AK, Jaiswal JN. A comparative evaluation of oral midazolam with oral sedatives as  premedication in pediatric dentistry. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2002;26(2):161-4.16. Naziri F, Alijanpour E, Rabei SM, Seifi S, Mir M, Hosseinpour M, et al. Comparison of oral Midazolam with oral Promethazine on decreasing anxiety of children when separated from their parents before anesthesia. J Babol Univ Medl Sci  2007;9(4):29-32.17. Parkinson L, Hughes J, Gill A, Billingham I, Ratcliffe J, Choonara I. A randomized controlled trial of sedation in the critically ill. Paediatr Anaesth 1997;7(5): 405-10. 18. Crean P. Sedation and neuromuscular blockade in paediatric intensive care;practice in the United Kingdom and North America. Paediatr Anaesth 2004;14(6):439-42.19. Schmidt AP, Valinetti EA, Bandeira D, Bertacchi MF, Simões CM, Auler JO Jr. Effects of preanesthetic administration of midazolam, clonidine, or dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain and anxiety in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2007;17(7):667-74.20. Pfeil N, Uhlig U, Kostev K, Carius R, Schröder H, Kiess W, et al. Antiemetic edications in children with presumed infectious gastroenteritis--harmacoepidemiology in Europe and Northern America. J Pediatr 2008;153(5):659-62

Improving recombinant protein solubility in Escherichia coli: Identification of best chaperone combination which assists folding of human basic fibroblast growth factor

Manipulating the cytoplasmic folding environment by increasing the intracellular concentration of folding modulators, such as chaperone molecules, causes the convenient production of heterologous proteins. Wrong selection of chaperones will negatively affect the host cells physiology and the production of heterologous proteins. Due to this reason, type and combination of chaperone molecules are crucial to produce more soluble and active form of target protein. In the current study, the cooverproduction of five different combinations of 6 chaperones, comprising "DnaK/DnaJ /GrpE/GroES/ GroEL", "GroES/GroEL", "DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE", "GroES/GroEL/TF" and "TF" along with recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) were studied. As a result, we proved that none of these combinations was able to completely prevent the formation of inclusion  bodies, but co-overexpression of the bacterial chaperone system TF along with rhbFGF could significantly enhance the yield of soluble protein. Recombinant soluble hbFGF that co-expressed with TF was then purified from the cells and was found to be identical to the active rhbFGF expressed alone with respect to size and spectral properties.Key words: Human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF), chaperone co-expression, chaperone combination, inclusion body, protein folding

Accurate proteome-wide protein quantification from high-resolution 15N mass spectra

In quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the metabolic incorporation of a single source of 15N-labeled nitrogen has many advantages over using stable isotope-labeled amino acids. However, the lack of a robust computational framework for analyzing the resulting spectra has impeded wide use of this approach. We have addressed this challenge by introducing a new computational methodology for analyzing 15N spectra in which quantification is integrated with identification. Application of this method to an Escherichia coli growth transition reveals significant improvement in quantification accuracy over previous methods

Prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus, Human Papillomavirus and Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Oral Cancer

Background: Multiple risk factors are supposed to progress oral cavity carcinoma and among them, the role ofneither bacterial nor viral infections should be underestimated. Despite relentless efforts, the accelerating effectsof human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) onoral cancer has not yet been recognized successfully. Taking advantage of these facts, in this study we evaluatedthe prevalence of HPV, EBV, and P. gingivalis in oral cavity carcinoma.Materials and Methods: A total of 43 oral cavity cancerous tissues and 29 healthy oral ones were collected fromLoghman Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between 2016 and 2018. After DNA extraction, the prevalence of HPV, EBV,and P. gingivalis was evaluated by PCR.Results: There were 53.5 well-differentiated (15 male, 9 female), 41.8% moderate (10 male, 5 female), and4.7% poor (1 male, 3 female) adenocarcinoma paraffin-embedded tissue samples. PCR analysis has shownthat there were 1 HPV (age: 46; moderate adenocarcinoma) and 1 EBV (age: 62; moderate adenocarcinoma)positive in different samples. No P. gingivalis was found and there was not any infected tissue with both EBVand HPV. In 31% of control tissues, blisters were observed and in 51.7% there was no mucus. We did not findany association between age, sex, and HPV, EBV positive samples.Conclusion: As sample size can affect the results of epidemiological and clinical study, and due to the lownumber of positive samples in this study, we concluded that HPV, EBV, and P. gingivalis may not have adetrimental effect on the progression of oral cancer, but further studies are needed

Survey of epidemiology and bacteriology features of cholera in Iran

AbstractObjectiveTo determine epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Vibrio (V.) cholerae O1 biotype EL Tor in summer outbreak of 2008 in Iran.MethodsStool samples were collected from patients suspected to have cholera admitted to hospitals and clinics. Specimens examined by conventional bacteriological methods. All isolates were sent to cholera reference laboratory for further confirmation, stereotyping and susceptibility testing.ResultsA total of 220 patients were diagnosed as cholera. All cases confirmed by Iranian reference health laboratory. One hundred ninety nine of 220 V. cholerae serotypes were Inaba and 21 serotypes were Ogawa. All cases were reported from thirteen provinces. The majorities of cases were from Tehran, Qum and Zahedan provinces with 56, 26 and 25 cases respectively. 24(11%) of patients were under 15 years old and 196 (89%) of patients were older than 15 years.149 (68%) of patients were male and 71 (32 %) were female. 129(59%) of patients had Iranian nationality,79 (36.5%) were from Afghanistan and, 12 (5%) were from Pakistan. All isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid, furazolidone, and intermediate to chloramphenicol and were susceptible to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin.ConclusionOur study reveals that in recent outbreak caused by V. cholerae EL Tor serotype Inaba is the predominant serotype. All isolates are resistant to cotrimoxazole, nalidix acid and furazolidon

Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract has antidepressant-like effects by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor in prefrontal cortex of rats

Objective: Depression is one of the most common mood disorders. Considering the evidence on the effect of Cinnamomum on mood disorders, this study investigatedthe effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cinnamomum (HEC) in an animal model of depression. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male rats were selected and divided into four groups (n=8) including: control, depressed, and depressed treated with200 and 400 mg/kg HEC. Depression induction protocol was conducted in all groups except for the control group. Sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST) were done to analyze the depression score. After four weeks, the animals brain cortex was removed and BDNF protein and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) gene expression levels were determined by ELISA and Real Time PCR, respectively. Results: The results of this study showed that 400 mg/kg of HEC increased the tendency to drink the sucrose solution. Furthermore, immobility time significantly increased in the depressed group compared to the control group while it was attenuated by administration of 400 mg/kg extract on the 28th day versus the depressed group. Also the extract at both doses increased swimming time compared to the depressed group. In addition, an increase in the BDNF protein and TrkB gene expression levels was observed in the prefrontal cortex of the treatment groups. Conclusion: We found that HEC ameliorated depression symptoms in rats and these effects were probably due to an increase in BDNF proteins and its receptor, TrkB, gene expressions in the prefrontal cortex

Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout. Methods The main data sources we used were published literature, vital registration systems, end-stage kidney disease registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool, and included incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, mortality, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and gout burden attributable to impaired kidney function. Findings Globally, in 2017, 1·2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·2 to 1·3) people died from CKD. The global all-age mortality rate from CKD increased 41·5% (95% UI 35·2 to 46·5) between 1990 and 2017, although there was no significant change in the age-standardised mortality rate (2·8%, −1·5 to 6·3). In 2017, 697·5 million (95% UI 649·2 to 752·0) cases of all-stage CKD were recorded, for a global prevalence of 9·1% (8·5 to 9·8). The global all-age prevalence of CKD increased 29·3% (95% UI 26·4 to 32·6) since 1990, whereas the age-standardised prevalence remained stable (1·2%, −1·1 to 3·5). CKD resulted in 35·8 million (95% UI 33·7 to 38·0) DALYs in 2017, with diabetic nephropathy accounting for almost a third of DALYs. Most of the burden of CKD was concentrated in the three lowest quintiles of Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In several regions, particularly Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the burden of CKD was much higher than expected for the level of development, whereas the disease burden in western, eastern, and central sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, south Asia, central and eastern Europe, Australasia, and western Europe was lower than expected. 1·4 million (95% UI 1·2 to 1·6) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 25·3 million (22·2 to 28·9) cardiovascular disease DALYs were attributable to impaired kidney function. Interpretation Kidney disease has a major effect on global health, both as a direct cause of global morbidity and mortality and as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. CKD is largely preventable and treatable and deserves greater attention in global health policy decision making, particularly in locations with low and middle SDI