LE VARIETÀ LINGUISTICHE IN CONTESTO INFORMALE: UNO STUDIO DI CASO DI UNA FAMIGLIA ITALIANA IN BRASILE

Il contributo si inserisce all’interno degli studi sull’ecologia linguistica ed esplora le varietà linguistiche in uso in un contesto intrafamiliare di tipo informale, in quanto la famiglia costituisce l’unità di analisi per eccellenza per lo studio dei fenomeni di mantenimento e di trasformazione linguistica. Lo studio di caso è stato svolto all’interno di una famiglia veneta di classe medio-alta, emigrata nel sud del Brasile nell’ultimo decennio, in seguito alla crisi economica che ha investito l’Italia. Un elemento di novità rispetto alle ricerche passate è rappresentato dal repertorio linguistico dei soggetti presi in esame che è piuttosto omogeneo. Infatti, seppur con alcune sfumature, i componenti della famiglia condividono tutti la stessa lingua materna (dialetto veneto - italiano) e hanno imparato il portoghese in un contesto d’immersione. L’analisi mostra che il tessuto discorsivo è composito e attraversato dalla pratica del translinguismo, attivata consapevolmente dai parlanti. Lo spazio linguistico è conteso tra l’italiano e il dialetto veneto contornato dal portoghese che apre momenti dedicati a riflessioni metalinguistiche che attestano il consolidamento di una competenza multilingue.The aim of this survey is to document the language varieties used in an informal intra-family context. The case study focuses on a family with a medium-high level of education from the Veneto Region who, following the last major world economic crisis of 2008, moved to Brazil. This survey falls within studies on linguistic ecology in family contexts and is based on the analysis of a video recording made during a lunch and a questionnaire. The analysis shows that even if Italian remains the prevailing code for all family members, there is a casualness from one code to another (Italian, Venetian dialect and Portuguese) that creates space for metalinguistic reflections at the lexical level. The codes of the repertory overlap but at the same time there are clear boundaries that emphasize the distance from the host culture, although the switching takes place following a precise communicative will. The case study observed highlights how in the case of multilingualism experienced in terms of enrichment among the varieties of the Italian repertoire / dialect available to the speakers, the inclusion of the language of the host country becomes a further element of wealth in addition to the language of origin

Nociceptive neuropeptide increases and periorbital allodynia in a model of traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: This study tests the hypothesis that injury to the somatosensory cortex is associated with periorbital allodynia and increases in nociceptive neuropeptides in the brainstem in a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice received either CCI or craniotomy-only followed by weekly periorbital von Frey (mechanical) sensory testing for up to 28 days post-injury. Mice receiving an incision only and naïve mice were included as control groups. Changes in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) within the brainstem were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Activation of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1-labeled macrophages/microglia and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes were evaluated using immunohistochemistry because of their potential involvement in nociceptor sensitization. RESULTS: Incision-only control mice showed no changes from baseline periorbital von Frey mechanical thresholds. CCI significantly reduced mean periorbital von Frey thresholds (periorbital allodynia) compared with baseline and craniotomy-only at each endpoint, analysis of variance P \u3c .0001. Craniotomy significantly reduced periorbital threshold at 14 days but not 7, 21, or 28 days compared with baseline threshold, P \u3c .01. CCI significantly increased SP immunoreactivity in the brainstem at 7 and 14 days but not 28 days compared with craniotomy-only and controls, P \u3c .001. CGRP levels in brainstem tissues were significantly increased in CCI groups compared with controls (incision-only and naïve mice) or craniotomy-only mice at each endpoint examined, P \u3c .0001. There was a significant correlation between CGRP and periorbital allodynia (P \u3c .0001, r = -0.65) but not for SP (r = 0.20). CCI significantly increased the number of macrophage/microglia in the injured cortex at each endpoint up to 28 days, although cell numbers declined over weeks post-injury, P \u3c .001. GFAP(+) immunoreactivity was significantly increased at 7 but not 14 or 28 days after CCI, P \u3c .001. Craniotomy resulted in transient periorbital allodynia accompanied by transient increases in SP, CGRP, and GFAP immunoreactivity compared with control mice. There was no increase in the number of macrophage/microglia cells compared with controls after craniotomy. CONCLUSION: Injury to the somatosensory cortex results in persistent periorbital allodynia and increases in brainstem nociceptive neuropeptides. Findings suggest that persistent allodynia and increased neuropeptides are maintained by mechanisms other than activation of macrophage/microglia or astrocyte in the injured somatosensory cortex

La trasmissione delle lingue nello spazio domestico. Uno studio in famiglie italo-brasiliane residenti a San Paolo del Brasile

This paper aims to provide a snapshot of different ways of experiencing the linguistic repertoire (Brazilian Portuguese - Italian) within the intrafamily domain, by mixed families residing in São Paulo, Brazil. In light of the theoretical perspective defined as “linguistics of migration”, together with an investigation methodology that is based on the comparison between declarations and linguistic self-perceptions, obtained through autobiographies and productions, it was possible to assess different types of language transmission practices in a migratory context and to determine the degree of awareness that the first generation develops in order to maintain its linguistic repertoire

Monitoring the Shelf-Life of Minimally Processed Fresh-Cut Apple Slices By Physical–Chemical Analysis and Electronic Nose

Fresh-cut apples, in slices or in cubes, are minimally processed products, which are currently collecting a great interest by fruit marketers for their promising diffusion. Their shelf life, from a microbiological point of view, has been fixed about 2 or 3 weeks under refrigeration. However in a few days they undergo biochemical degradations with production of off-flavors and texture breakdown. In this work, the change of aromatic fingerprint of apple slices packaged in air and in a modified atmosphere (with 100% N2) and stored at 4°C was measured, by using a commercial electronic nose. The obtained data were also compared with sensory evaluation of judge’s panel. Moreover, quality parameters such as total acidity, total soluble solids and firmness were determined at different storage times (0, 4, 8 and 12 days). The data show that the electronic nose is able to discriminate between the two different storage conditions applied: the multivariate analysis, Principal Component Analysis, presents clearly differences among the four sampling times when the apple slices are stored in air and in N2. Our results indicate that the electronic nose can be considered a valid supplementary tool to human sensory panel assessment especially in food quality safety and control and it can be a simple, objective and rapid method to control the food quality during the storage

Alcune considerazioni sull’analisi multidimensionale dei dati nella valutazione dei servizi di day surgery

The evaluation of the quality on the Day Surgery service is an actual problem. The conceptual models proposed in literature allow to collected data of the different nature: ordinal, compositional, and so on. The multidimensional analysis of these data gives more problems and difficulties. Aim of this paper is to think about the mentioned problems as well as to suggest suitable multidimensional methods. Finally, the appropriateness of the inclusion the external information in a customers satisfaction framework is given

Prodsimplicial-Neighborly Polytopes

Simultaneously generalizing both neighborly and neighborly cubical polytopes, we introduce PSN polytopes: their k-skeleton is combinatorially equivalent to that of a product of r simplices. We construct PSN polytopes by three different methods, the most versatile of which is an extension of Sanyal and Ziegler's "projecting deformed products" construction to products of arbitrary simple polytopes. For general r and k, the lowest dimension we achieve is 2k+r+1. Using topological obstructions similar to those introduced by Sanyal to bound the number of vertices of Minkowski sums, we show that this dimension is minimal if we additionally require that the PSN polytope is obtained as a projection of a polytope that is combinatorially equivalent to the product of r simplices, when the dimensions of these simplices are all large compared to k.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures; minor correction

Conflicting phylogenomic signals reveal a pattern of reticulate evolution in a recent high‐Andean diversification (Asteraceae: Astereae: Diplostephium)

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137610/1/nph14530_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137610/2/nph14530.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137610/3/nph14530-sup-0001-SupInfo.pd