NRRI Collection of Miscellaneous Reports Pt. 1

Report 241-1 Submitted to Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Minerals Division, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota,5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811-1442Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesot

Germinal development in the sporocysts and rediae of the digenetic trematodes

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32534/1/0000638.pd

Thermal analysis of a commercial plate fin heat exchanger with non-uniform inlet flow conditions

In studies using computational fluid dynamics software, very often a uniform air stream is applied as inlet boundary condition of a heat exchanger. In actual applications, however, the inlet flow conditions are not uniform. Therefore, the effect of non-uniformities on the thermal performance is characterized in a wind tunnel for a commercially available plate water/air heat exchanger. Three non-uniform flow conditions are investigated. The heat exchanger is 275 mm wide and 295 mm high. Three non-uniformities are created by placing a plate 10 cm upstream of the heat exchanger: the first one covers the right-hand side of the heat exchanger, the second one covers the top half of the heat exchanger and the last obstruction consists of a circular hole of 150 mm diameter in the middle of a plate. Only the circular obstruction has a significant influence on the heat transfer rate: the external convective resistance is up to 25% higher compared to the uniform case. The measurement results presented in this study can be used by other researchers to validate numerical simulations with non-uniform inlet conditions

Using the Nursing Interventions Classification to identify nursing interventions in free-text nursing documentation in adult psychiatric outpatient care setting

Aims and objectives To identify and describe nursing interventions in patient documentation in adult psychiatric outpatient setting and to explore the potential for using the Nursing Interventions Classification in documentation in this setting. Background Documentation is an important part of nurses' work, and in the psychiatric outpatient care setting, it can be time-consuming. Only very few research reports are available on nursing documentation in this care setting. Methods A qualitative analysis of secondary data consisting of nursing documentation for 79 patients in four outpatient units (years 2016-2017). The data consisted of 1,150 free-text entries describing a contact or an attempted contact with 79 patients, their family members or supporting networks and 17 nursing care summaries. Deductive and inductive content analysis was used. SRQR guideline was used for reporting. Results We identified 71 different nursing interventions, 64 of which are described in the Nursing Interventions Classification. Surveillance and Care Coordination were the most common interventions. The analysis revealed two perspectives which challenge the use of the classification: the problem of overlapping interventions and the difficulty of naming group-based interventions. Conclusion There is an urgent need to improve patient documentation in the adult psychiatric outpatient care setting, and standardised nursing terminologies such as the Nursing Interventions Classification could be a solution to this. However, the problems of overlapping interventions and naming group-based interventions suggest that the classification needs to be further developed before it can fully support the systematic documentation of nursing interventions in the psychiatric outpatient care setting. Relevance to clinical practice This study describes possibilities of using a systematic nursing language to describe the interventions nurses use in the adult psychiatric outpatient setting. It also describes problems in the current free text-based documentation.Peer reviewe

New Small Wheel Low-Voltage Power: Design Review

This document details the present status of research and development for the low-voltage power systems of the ATLAS New Small Wheel (NSW). The combination of large power requirements and low available cabling space suggests a point-of-load conversion archi- tecture, where power is delivered to a front-end board (FEB) at a relatively high voltage (10V or more) and then reduced to the delivery voltage by on-FEB power electronics. This is potentially a multi-step process. Power will be delivered to the rim of the NSW at a voltage of at least 24 V. From the rim, it will be distributed to the individual front-end boards. If the FEBs are unable to directly accept the voltage delivered to the rim, an additional conversion step is required at the point of distribution. This point of distribution is also a natural location for circuit protection and ballast resistors. On the FEBs, power conversion will be accomplished by single-inductor buck converters, optionally followed by one or more low-dropout regulators (LDOs) for noise reduction or to provide additional output voltages. The challenges in this approach are to ensure that the selected power conversion device(s) will: 1. Survive in the radiation and magnetic Field environment of the NSW; 2. Effectively couple to the proposed cooling system; 3. Not introduce noise that may impact sensitive analog components; 4. Fit within the relatively small available space on the FEBs; 5. Allow a cabling solution that fits within the available space for services. This material is written primarily with reference to the MicroMegas, although it is recognized that the chosen solution will likely be adopted by the sTGC detector as well

The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)

A system of 5020 robotic fiber positioners was installed in 2019 on the Mayall Telescope, at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The robots automatically retarget their optical fibers every 10-20 minutes, each to a precision of several microns, with a reconfiguration time of fewer than 2 minutes. Over the next 5 yr, they will enable the newly constructed Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) to measure the spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will produce the largest 3D map of the universe to date and measure the expansion history of the cosmos. In addition to the 5020 robotic positioners and optical fibers, DESI’s Focal Plane System includes six guide cameras, four wave front cameras, 123 fiducial point sources, and a metrology camera mounted at the primary mirror. The system also includes associated structural, thermal, and electrical systems. In all, it contains over 675,000 individual parts. We discuss the design, construction, quality control, and integration of all these components. We include a summary of the key requirements, the review and acceptance process, on-sky validations of requirements, and lessons learned for future multiobject, fiber-fed spectrographs

Towards a resolution of some outstanding issues in transitive research: an empirical test on middle childhood

Transitive Inference (deduce B > D from B > C and C > D) can help us to understand other areas of sociocognitive development. Across three experiments, learning, memory, and the validity of two transitive paradigms were investigated. In Experiment 1 (N = 121), 7-year-olds completed a three-term nontraining task or a five-term task requiring extensive-training. Performance was superior on the three-term task. Experiment 2 presented 5–10-year-olds with a new five-term task, increasing learning opportunities without lengthening training (N = 71). Inferences improved, suggesting children can learn five-term series rapidly. Regarding memory, the minor (CD) premise was the best predictor of BD-inferential performance in both task-types. However, tasks exhibited different profiles according to associations between the major (BC) premise and BD inference, correlations between the premises, and the role of age. Experiment 3 (N = 227) helped rule out the possible objection that the above findings simply stemmed from three-term tasks with real objects being easier to solve than computer-tasks. It also confirmed that, unlike for five-term task (Experiments 1 & 2), inferences on three-term tasks improve with age, whether the age range is wide (Experiment 3) or narrow (Experiment 2). I conclude that the tasks indexed different routes within a dual-process conception of transitive reasoning: The five-term tasks indexes Type 1 (associative) processing, and the three-term task indexes Type 2 (analytic) processing. As well as demonstrating that both tasks are perfectly valid, these findings open up opportunities to use transitive tasks for educability, to investigate the role of transitivity in other domains of reasoning, and potentially to benefit the lived experiences of persons with developmental issues