PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN DI BEI 2018-2022

Managerial ownership is a shareholding belonging to management in the company. Profitability is a company's ability to generate profits. This research aims to examine the influence of managerial ownership and profitability on earnings management. This research was conducted in food and beverage subsector companies with coverage of nine companies within five years, namely 2018-2022. The source in this research is secondary data from the annual report or CALK on the BEI website. In testing the hypothesis this research uses data. Based on the results of the analysis of results, managerial ownership has no effect on earnings management and profitability has no effect on earnings management

Trade Liberalization and Market Access: Analyzing Dominican Export Performance during the Twentieth Century

Leading management thinker C.K. Prahalad argues that selling consumer goods to four billion poor people at the bottom of the economic pyramid (BoP) both generates sizeable profits for large businesses and eliminates poverty. A welcome, innovative and influential perspective, but an opportunity missed, I argue here. First, selling to the poor may do little to eradicate poverty, but potentially hurts small businesses and threatens local jobs and incomes. Second, a more precise analysis using household surveys shows a much smaller BoP market size, less than 5% of previous estimates. Third, virtually everyone in developing countries is classified as a 'poor' consumer in much of the BoP literature. The focus and the bulk of Prahalad's new purchasing power rests with the emerging middle class in India, China and Brazil, while the 2 billion people below $2 a day, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa, are marginalised in this debate. Data for consumer prices confirms that the true challenge is to serve the latter group, those that are completely cut off from the global marketplace. This paper concludes that big businesses have a central role in shaping and expanding these future markets by generating employment and incomes.

The Role of Family Meeting in Dealing with Rejection Towards Hospital Discharge of Terminally Ill Cancer Patients

Background: Rejection towards discharge planning of terminally ill patients and the role of family meetings to overcome such issue has not been evaluated. The aims of this study were to identify who and the reasons of rejection, to evaluate the effectiveness of family meetings, and to assess the important aspects in preparing homecare.Methods: This is an interventional study using queasy-experimental design. Samples of the study were family members of terminally ill patients who refused patient discharge from 1st of May to 31st of October 2016. Paired-Sample T-test was applied to analyze the result. Result: Rejections of discharge planning was mostly by the families. The most reason of rejection was lack of knowledge and skills in taking care of the terminally ill patients (40%). Family meetings solved the problem of rejection. The total score of 10 aspects needed in taking care of terminally ill patients was significantly increased (p=0.000). Conclusion: Family meetings effectively changed the attitude towards hospital discharge

Persepsi Kaunselor terhadap Isu berkaitan Bunuh Diri dan Idea Membunuh Diri: Satu Analisa

Bunuh diri merupakan suatu isu yang menjadi perhatian dalam profesion Kaunseling semenjak dahulu lagi. Mutakhir ini, klien yang datang dengan isu-isu etika yang mencabar seperti bunuh diri memilih kaunseling sebagai terapi rasional bagi pencegahan melalui pertimbangan diri. Analisa literature mendapati terdapat cabaran-cabaran berkaitan isu ini dengan profesion Kaunseling dan mengenalpasti hubungan antara kepercayaan peribadi kaunselor tentang bunuh diri dan sikap beliau terhadap klien yang menyatakan “Idea untuk membunuh diri”. Persepsi kaunselor dilihat dari sudut pengetahuan, latihan, keagamaan, nilai dan kepercayaan peribadi kaunselor juga tanggapan mereka terhadap kematian. Hasil analisa mendapati bahawa persepsi kaunselor terhadap isu bunuh diri dan idea untuk membunuh diri oleh klien terbahagi kepada dua bahagian Utama iaitu pertama Bunuh Diri merupakan satu pilihan, kedua Bunuh diri atau Idea untuk membunuh diri disebabkan beberapa faktor iaitu putus asa, kegagalan, keraguan dan dasar tanggungjawab. Implikasinya beberapa perkara perlu diberi perhatian seperti latihan kaunselor, amalan klinikal dan penyelidikan lanjut di masa hadapan perlu dilaksanakan

Praziquantel coverage in schools and communities targeted for the elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis in Zanzibar: a cross-sectional survey

© 2015 Knopp et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article

Effect of light- and chemical-cured composites on microtensile bond strength of simplified-step adhesives

Abstract no. 66published_or_final_versio

Prevalence of intestinal protozoa infection among school-aged children on Pemba Island, Tanzania, and effect of single-dose albendazole, nitazoxanide and albendazole-nitazoxanide.

Pathogenic intestinal protozoa infections are common in school-aged children in the developing world and they are frequently associated with malabsorption syndromes and gastrointestinal morbidity. Since diagnosis of these parasites is difficult, prevalence data on intestinal protozoa is scarce. We collected two stool samples from school-aged children on Pemba Island, Tanzania, as part of a randomized controlled trial before and 3 weeks after treatment with (i) single-dose albendazole (400 mg); (ii) single-dose nitazoxanide (1,000 mg); (iii) nitazoxanide-albendazole combination (1,000 mg--400 mg), with each drug given separately on two consecutive days; and (iv) placebo. Formalin-fixed stool samples were examined for the presence of intestinal protozoa using an ether-concentration method to determine the prevalence and estimate cure rates (CRs). Almost half (48.7%) of the children were diagnosed with at least one of the (potentially) pathogenic protozoa Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar and Blastocystis hominis. Observed CRs were high for all treatment arms, including placebo. Nitazoxanide showed a significant effect compared to placebo against the non-pathogenic protozoon Entamoeba coli. Intestinal protozoa infections might be of substantial health relevance even in settings where they are not considered as a health problem. Examination of a single stool sample with the ether-concentration method lacks sensitivity for the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa, and hence, care is indicated when interpreting prevalence estimates and treatment effects

Sensitivity and specificity of a urine circulating anodic antigen test for the diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium in low endemic settings

Elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem and interruption of transmission in selected areas are key goals of the World Health Organization for 2025. Conventional parasitological methods are insensitive for the detection of light-intensity infections. Techniques with high sensitivity and specificity are required for an accurate diagnosis in low-transmission settings and verification of elimination. We determined the accuracy of a urine-based up-converting phosphor-lateral flow circulating anodic antigen (UCP-LF CAA) assay for Schistosoma haematobium diagnosis in low-prevalence settings in Zanzibar, Tanzania.; A total of 1,740 urine samples were collected in 2013 from children on Pemba Island, from schools where the S. haematobium prevalence was >2%, 2-5%, and 5-10%, based on a single urine filtration. On the day of collection, all samples were tested for microhematuria with reagent strips and for the presence of S. haematobium eggs with microscopy. Eight months later, 1.5 ml of urine from each of 1,200 samples stored at -20°C were analyzed by UCP-LF CAA assay, while urine filtration slides were subjected to quality control (QCUF). In the absence of a true 'gold' standard, the diagnostic performance was calculated using latent class analyses (LCA).; The 'empirical' S. haematobium prevalence revealed by UCP-LF CAA, QCUF, and reagent strips was 14%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. LCA revealed a sensitivity of the UCP-LF CAA, QCUF, and reagent strips of 97% (95% confidence interval (CI): 91-100%), 86% (95% CI: 72-99%), and 67% (95% CI: 52-81%), respectively. Test specificities were consistently above 90%. The UCP-LF CAA assay shows high sensitivity for the diagnosis of S. haematobium in low-endemicity settings. Empirically, it detects a considerably higher number of infections than microscopy. Hence, the UCP-LF CAA employed in combination with QCUF, is a promising tool for monitoring and surveillance of urogenital schistosomiasis in low-transmission settings targeted for elimination

Interaction of PARP2 with DNA structures mimicking DNA repair intermediates

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a posttranslational protein modification significant for the genomic stability and cell survival in response to DNA damage. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARPs). Whereas the role of PARP1 in response to DNA damage has been widely illustrated, the contribution of another DNA-dependent PARP, PARP2, has not been studied so far. Aim. To find out specific DNA targets of PARP2. Methods. The EMSA and the PARP activity tests were used. Results. We evaluated Kd values of PARP2-DNA complexes for several DNA structures mimicking intermediates of different DNA metabolizing processes and tested these DNA as «activators» of PARP1 and PARP2 in poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis. Conclusions. Like PARP1, PARP2 does not show correlation between the activation efficiency and Kd values for DNA. PARP2 was activated most effectively in the presence of over5DNA

Study and implementation of urogenital schistosomiasis elimination in Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba islands) using an integrated multidisciplinary approach

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that continues to be a major public health problem in many developing countries being responsible for an estimated burden of at least 1.4 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Africa alone. However, morbidity due to schistosomiasis has been greatly reduced in some parts of the world, including Zanzibar. The Zanzibar government is now committed to eliminate urogenital schistosomiasis. Over the next 3--5 years, the whole at-risk population will be administered praziquantel (40 mg/kg) biannually. Additionally, snail control and behaviour change interventions will be implemented in selected communities and the impact measured in a randomized intervention trial. METHODS: In this 5-year research study, on both Unguja and Pemba islands, urogenital schistosomiasis will be assessed in 45 communities with urine filtration and reagent strips in 4,500 schoolchildren aged 9--12 years annually, and in 4,500 first-year schoolchildren and 2,250 adults in years 1 and 5. Additionally, from first-year schoolchildren, a finger-prick blood sample will be collected and examined for Schistosoma haematobium infection biomarkers. Changes in prevalence and infection intensity will be assessed annually. Among the 45 communities, 15 were randomized for biannual snail control with niclosamide, in concordance with preventive chemotherapy campaigns. The reduction of Bulinus globosus snail populations and S. haematobium-infected snails will be investigated. In 15 other communities, interventions triggering behaviour change have been designed and will be implemented in collaboration with the community. A change in knowledge, attitudes and practices will be assessed annually through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with schoolchildren, teachers, parents and community leaders. In all 45 communities, changes in the health system, water and sanitation infrastructure will be annually tracked by standardized questionnaire-interviews with community leaders. Additional issues potentially impacting on study outcomes and all incurring costs will be monitored and recorded. DISCUSSION: Elimination of schistosomiasis has become a priority on the agenda of the Zanzibar government and the international community. Our study will contribute to identifying what, in addition to preventive chemotherapy, needs to be done to prevent, control, and ultimately eliminate schistosomiasis, and to draw lessons for current and future schistosomiasis elimination programmes in Africa and elsewhere.Trial registrationISRCTN4883768