EFEKTIVITAS PENANGANAN ANAK TERLANTAR OLEH DINAS SOSIAL DAN PEMAKAMAN KOTA PEKANBARU BERDASARKAN PASAL 34 AYAT (1) UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR 1945

Permasalahan sosial anak seperti masalah anak terlantar, memang selalu menjadi terabaikan dalam hal penanganannya. Dilihat dari kondisi yang terjadi, masih ada ditemukan sebagian dari anak terlantar ini yang belum memperoleh dan mendapatkan penanganan baik itu berupa bantuan sosial, pelayanan, perlindungan dan lain sebagainya dari pemerintah terkait. Padahal pemerintah yang dalam hal ini Dinas Sosial dan Pemakaman Kota Pekanbaru bertanggungjawab memberikan hak-hak seorang anak tanpa terkecuali termasuk anak yang mengalami masalah sosial yaitu anak terlantar. Sebagaimana yang telah dinyatakan dalam Pasal 34 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 yakni “ Fakir miskin dan anak terlantar dipelihara oleh negara”. Dipelihara berarti dirawat, dibina atau dijaga kehidupannya dengan sebaik mungkin oleh negara yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah agar tercapainya kesejahteraan. Dalam hal pelaksanaannya, maka pemerintah terkait harus langsung turun untuk melakukan penanganan terhadap anak terlantar sesuai yang diatur oleh peraturan perundang-undangan. Namun pada kenyataannya, penanganan yang dilakukan tersebut ternyata belum sesuai dengan yang terjadi di lapangan. Sehingga aturan yang dibuat pada Pasal 34 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 itu belum sinkron dengan kenyataannya dan efektivitas dari aturan tersebut belum memperlihatkan adanya perubahan yang baik terhadap kehidupan anak terlantar. Dengan demikian, berdasarkan fenomena yang terjadi seperti yang dijelaskan maka penulis membuat rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana efektivitas penanganan anak terlantar oleh Dinas Sosial Dan Pemakaman Kota Pekanbaru berdasarkan Pasal 34 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan apa saja faktor-faktor yang menjadi penghambat dalam penanganan anak terlantar tersebut. Kemudian tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui beberapa hal dari rumusan masalah tersebut. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian sosiologis yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Sail Kota Pekanbaru dan bersifat deskriptif dengan populasi sebanyak 33 orang dan sampel 15 orang menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling. Sebagai alat pengumpul data digunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, angket dan studi kepustakaan dengan analisa data secara analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapati bahwa efektivitas penanganan anak terlantar oleh Dinas Sosial Dan Pemakaman Kota Pekanbaru berdasarkan Pasal 34 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 belum sepenuhnya efektif dan berjalan maksimal. Ini dikarenakan masih banyaknya anak terlantar di Kecamatan Sail Kota Pekanbaru yang diakibatkan kurangnya penanganan dan penerapan aturan yang belum tepat sasaran oleh Dinas Sosial terhadap anak terlantar. Kemudian faktor-faktor yang menjadi penghambat dalam penanganan anak terlantar ini secara garis besarnya adalah minimnya anggaran yang dikucurkan oleh pemerintah dan kurangnya kepedulian serta kesadaran dari tiap-tiap pihak, baik itu dari dinas sosial, orang tua dan masyarakat maupun dari anak terlantar itu sendiri. Sehingga program-program yang telah direncanakan menjadi belum berjalan dengan baik sesuai yang diatur dalam konstitusi negara

Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Obat Pada Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Resort Sei Betung, Sumatera Utara

Medicinal plants have a very important role for world health that need to be done of research to analyze the diversity of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants exploratory research had been done in the Gunung Leuser National Park, Sei Betung Resort from Juny to Agustus 2014. Medicinal plant species are known to be recorded and identified. The results of the identification of medicinal plants has been done in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sei Betung Resort found as many as 27 types of medicinal plants.The dominant species is Melastoma malabathricum. The diversity of medicinal plants in the Gunung Leuser National Park, Sei Betung Resort Hutan classified as moderate

Small-molecule biosensors for high-throughput metabolic engineering

Allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) have proven widely applicable for biotechnology and synthetic biology as ligand-specific biosensors enabling real-time monitoring, selection and regulation of cellular metabolism. However, both the biosensor specificity and the correlation between ligand concentration and biosensor output signal, also known as the transfer function, often needs to be optimized before meeting application needs. In this presentation we outline a versatile and high-throughput method to evolve and functionalize prokaryotic aTF ligand specificity and transfer functions in a eukaryote chassis, namely baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From a single round of directed evolution of the aTF ligand-binding domain coupled with various toggled selection regimes, we robustly select aTF variants evolved for change in ligand specificity, increased dynamic output range, shifts in operational range, and a complete inversion of function from activation to repression. Importantly, by targeting only the ligand-binding domain, the evolved biosensors display DNA-binding affinities similar to parental aTFs and are functional when ported back into a non-native prokaryote chassis. The developed platform technology thus leverages aTF evolvability for the development of new biosensors with user-defined small-molecule specificities and transfer functions. Finally, the presentation will highlight examples on biosensor applications for high-throughput metabolic engineering. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Cooperative transition of electronic states of antisite As defects in Be-doped low-temperature-grown GaAs layers

Magnetic properties resulting from localized spins associated with antisite arsenic ions As^+_ in Be-doped low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) layers were studied by measuring the magnetization of lift-off samples. With fast cooling, the magnetization of samples at 1.8 K becomes significantly lower than that expected from Curie-type paramagnetism in the range of the applied field to 7 T, and a transition from low magnetization to the magnetization of paramagnetism occurs upon the heating of samples to 4.5 K. With slow cooling, on the other hand, samples have a paramagnetic temperature dependence throughout the measurement-temperature range. The magnetization was found to decrease monotonically when a sample was kept at a fixed low temperature. These observations are explained by the cooperative transition of electron states of As_ defects, which is closely related to the normal-metastable state transition of EL2 defects in semi-insulating GaAs. The results of the magnetization measurements in the present study suggest that As^+ ions are spontaneously displaced at low temperature without photoexcitation in Be-doped LT-GaAs. The similarity of the transition observed in this system to the normal-metastable state transition of the EL2 defect was also suggested by first-principle calculations of the electron state of an As_ defect with a doped Be atom

High-Resolution Scanning of Optimal Biosensor Reporter Promoters in Yeast.

Small-molecule binding allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) derived from bacteria enable real-time monitoring of metabolite abundances, high-throughput screening of genetic designs, and dynamic control of metabolism. Yet, engineering of reporter promoter designs of prokaryotic aTF biosensors in eukaryotic cells is complex. Here we investigate the impact of aTF binding site positions at single-nucleotide resolution in >300 reporter promoter designs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From this we identify biosensor output landscapes with transient and distinct aTF binding site position effects for aTF repressors and activators, respectively. Next, we present positions for tunable reporter promoter outputs enabling metabolite-responsive designs for a total of four repressor-type and three activator-type aTF biosensors with dynamic output ranges up to 8- and 26-fold, respectively. This study highlights aTF binding site positions in reporter promoters as key for successful biosensor engineering and that repressor-type aTF biosensors allows for more flexibility in terms of choice of binding site positioning compared to activator-type aTF biosensors

Evolution-guided engineering of small-molecule biosensors.

Allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) have proven widely applicable for biotechnology and synthetic biology as ligand-specific biosensors enabling real-time monitoring, selection and regulation of cellular metabolism. However, both the biosensor specificity and the correlation between ligand concentration and biosensor output signal, also known as the transfer function, often needs to be optimized before meeting application needs. Here, we present a versatile and high-throughput method to evolve prokaryotic aTF specificity and transfer functions in a eukaryote chassis, namely baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From a single round of mutagenesis of the effector-binding domain (EBD) coupled with various toggled selection regimes, we robustly select aTF variants of the cis,cis-muconic acid-inducible transcription factor BenM evolved for change in ligand specificity, increased dynamic output range, shifts in operational range, and a complete inversion-of-function from activation to repression. Importantly, by targeting only the EBD, the evolved biosensors display DNA-binding affinities similar to BenM, and are functional when ported back into a prokaryotic chassis. The developed platform technology thus leverages aTF evolvability for the development of new host-agnostic biosensors with user-defined small-molecule specificities and transfer functions

Evolution-guided engineering of small-molecule biosensors.

Allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) have proven widely applicable for biotechnology and synthetic biology as ligand-specific biosensors enabling real-time monitoring, selection and regulation of cellular metabolism. However, both the biosensor specificity and the correlation between ligand concentration and biosensor output signal, also known as the transfer function, often needs to be optimized before meeting application needs. Here, we present a versatile and high-throughput method to evolve prokaryotic aTF specificity and transfer functions in a eukaryote chassis, namely baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From a single round of mutagenesis of the effector-binding domain (EBD) coupled with various toggled selection regimes, we robustly select aTF variants of the cis,cis-muconic acid-inducible transcription factor BenM evolved for change in ligand specificity, increased dynamic output range, shifts in operational range, and a complete inversion-of-function from activation to repression. Importantly, by targeting only the EBD, the evolved biosensors display DNA-binding affinities similar to BenM, and are functional when ported back into a prokaryotic chassis. The developed platform technology thus leverages aTF evolvability for the development of new host-agnostic biosensors with user-defined small-molecule specificities and transfer functions

High-Resolution Scanning of Optimal Biosensor Reporter Promoters in Yeast.

Small-molecule binding allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) derived from bacteria enable real-time monitoring of metabolite abundances, high-throughput screening of genetic designs, and dynamic control of metabolism. Yet, engineering of reporter promoter designs of prokaryotic aTF biosensors in eukaryotic cells is complex. Here we investigate the impact of aTF binding site positions at single-nucleotide resolution in >300 reporter promoter designs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From this we identify biosensor output landscapes with transient and distinct aTF binding site position effects for aTF repressors and activators, respectively. Next, we present positions for tunable reporter promoter outputs enabling metabolite-responsive designs for a total of four repressor-type and three activator-type aTF biosensors with dynamic output ranges up to 8- and 26-fold, respectively. This study highlights aTF binding site positions in reporter promoters as key for successful biosensor engineering and that repressor-type aTF biosensors allows for more flexibility in terms of choice of binding site positioning compared to activator-type aTF biosensors