Kandungan Asam Lemak Dan Asam Amino Beras Susu Acidophilus Yang Dibuat Dari Susu Pasteurisasi Dan Sterilisasi.

INTISARI .Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsentrasi asam Iemak dan asam amino bebas susu acidophilus dengan perbedaan perlakuan pemanasan (pasteurisasi dan sterilisasi) susu sebelum inokulasi dan konsentrasi starter 5% dan 10%. SUS!! Segar dibagi menjadi dua kelotnpok perlakuan pemanasan yaitu pasteurisasi dan sterilisasi, setelah suhunya diturunkan menjadi 38°C diinokulasi dengan starter Lactobacillus acidophilus masing-masing dengan 5% dan 10% lalu diinkubasikan selama ± 24 jam (sampai terbentuk curd/produk). Analisis data untuk asam lemak menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial (2x2), untuk asam amino bebas dengan pola searah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pasteurisasi dan sterilisasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi asam lemak dan asam amino bebas (kecuali tirosin) susu acidophilus. Konsentrasi starter juga tidak berpengaruh terhadap asam lemak susu acidophilus. Adapun rerata konsentrasi asam lemak C4:0, C E:0, CC12:0, C16.0, Cig:0, C18.â berturut-turut 1,531%, 2,391%, 15,662%, 10,430%, 28,165%, 13,174%, 24,999%. Rerata asam amino bebas Asp, GIu, Ser, His, Gly, Thre, Arg, Ala, Met, Val, Phe, Ile, Leu, Lys berturut-turut adalah 0,196%, 0,547%, 0,126%, 0,064%, 0,071%, 0,012%, 0,089%, 0,078%, 0,096%, 0,204%, 0,163%, 0,142%,0,138%, 0,246%. Asam amino Tyr perlakuan pasteurisasi dan sterilisasi berturut-turut adalah 0,111% dan 0,063%. Peningkatan asam amino bebas pada susu acidophilus untuk perlakuan pasteurisasi lebih besar daripada perlakuan sterilisasi. (Kata Kunci: Susu Acidophilus, Pasteurisasi, Sterilisasi, Asam Lemak, Asam Amino Bebas.) Bulctin Petcrnakan 21 (1):7

MICROCONTROLLER BASED HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) MONITORING IN BIOGAS SYSTEM

Energy issue, particularly related to fossil fuel, is one the main issues today. Biogas is a new and renewable energy issued in National Research Agenda (ARN) 2010-2014 to overcome the energy crisis problem. A so called purification process is used to remove contaminants in biogas, including H2S in order to improve the standard requirement of biogas application. In this research, H2S concentration in biogas system is measured and monitored by H2S monitoring system.The hardware system comprises of piping and microcontroller AVR 8535 systems while the software system comprises of codes written in Delphi 7.0 and Code Vision AVR Eval. The result of the system is displayed on LCD or computer to enable the monitoring process by operator. The monitoring of H2S sensor responses will be carried out for recycled BFA size of 60+100 mesh and -200 mesh.Experiment has been conducted for sensor warming up time and response time for H2S and CH4 sensor, calibration process for H2S sensor and filter column. Based on sensor calibration experiment, transfer function of TGS825 sensor from calibration is y = 0.0203x + 27.153. The best adsorption model which represents BFA adsorption of biogas from tofu waste in the research is Thomas model

Nilaia keasaman dan rasio dia setil-asetalldehid pada susu Acidopus (Acidity Valve And Ratio Of Diacetyl-Acetaldehyde Of Acidophilus Milk

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to know acidity value (lactic acid content)diacetyl and acetaldehyde content (and ratio of diacetyl : acetaldehyde) of acidophilus milk differed by raw material (pasteurized and sterilized milk) and concentration of starters (5% and 10%). Fresh milk was devided in two methods of heating, namely pasteurization ( 85°C, 30 minutes) and sterilization (120°C, 15 minutes). After cooling into 38°C, the starters (Lactobacillus acidophilus) of 5 % and 10 % were inoculated into the milk and stored at 38°C for 24 hours. The product was analyzed on pH, lactic acid, diacetyl and acetaldehyde. The result indicated that the pasteurization and sterilization before inoculating affected significantly on acidity, but did not affect on the concentration of diacetyl and acetaldehyde. Difference of starter concentration and its interaction with heating treatment affected on pH of acidophilus milk. The respective pH and lactic acid of acidophilus milk of pasteurization treatment was 5.200 and 0.617 %, and sterilization treatment was 5.367 on pH and 0.520 % on lactic acid. Average of diacetyl and acetaldehide of acidophilus milk was 5,765 % and 1.445 %, respectively. Thus, the acidity of acidophilus milk of sterilization treatment was less than pasteurization treatment, and the flavor ratio of diacetyl-acetaldehide was 3.98 :1 or was approaching 4 :1. It conformed with desired flavor of products which were given culture. (Key Words Acidity, Diacetyl, Acetaldehyde, Acidophilus Milk)

Optimization of the Use of Farm Waste and Water Hyacinth for Earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) Cultivation Media

This study aimed to determine the effect of water hyacinth addition to farm waste on the number of earthworms, earthworm weight, media shrinkage, vermicompost quality, and the sustainability and sensitivity of earthworm farming. The study was prepared using a completely randomized design with two different factors, the water hyacinth (media without water hyacinth and media with 5% water hyacinth addition) and raw materials from farm waste (chicken and cow manure, and biogas sludge from chicken and cow manure), with three replications for each treatment. The results showed that the addition of water hyacinth to raw materials from farm waste had a very significant effect on the number of earthworms, earthworm weight, media shrinkage, vermicompost quality (except for P2O5 level that had no significant increase). When manure is to be added to the cultivation media, it is recommended to use cow manure, while both types of biogas sludge (from chicken and cow manure) are good for the cultivation of earthworm. Based on the study of sustainability, the use of farm waste and water hyacinth as media to raise earthworm gives a positive value in economic and environmental aspects. Therefore, it has great potential

POTENTIAL BAGGASE AND MOLASSES WASTE SUGAR FACTORY FOR MIXED SUBSTRATES WITH COW MANURE IN FERMENTATION PROCESS METHANOGENIC

This study aims to analyze the potential of the sugar mill waste, namely baggase and molasses as a mixture of cow manure as a substrate in a methanogenic fermentation. This study uses 4 treatment that is P0 as controls (100% cow manure), later in other treatment using a mixture of cow manure comparison: baggase: molasses, P1 (50:20:30), P2 (50:30:20) and P3 ( 50: 40; 10). Parameters measured were  nitrogen, carbon, ratio C / N and pH value. The analyze used in this research is statistic analysis. The results were obtained P3 which is a mixture of substrate (50:40:10) has an average value of the content of nitrogen, carbon, ratio C / N, and high pH value is compared to the other treatments. Ratio C / N at P3 of 24.47 closest Ratio C / N ideal for methanogenic fermentation which amounted to 25. The pH value of the treatment amounted to 7.05 billion P3 also meet the standards for process fermentation ranging from 6.6 to 7.6.&nbsp

Renewable Energy of Biogas Through Integrated Organic Cycle System in Tropical System

Energy is a critical requirement for economic development and specifically to improve the conditions that influence all aspects of human welfare. However, the majority of people in developing countries have no access to reliable and affordable domestic energy sources. Development of organic material as sources of renewable energy through biomass, biogas, biofuel, bioreactor, algae fuel, biohydrogen, and so on, with better biotechnology by genetic improvement, environmental manipulation, purification, packing, compressing, are important for sustainable development. Biogas becomes one of the solutions to meet the energy need in rural areas of developing countries. However, the implementation of biogas has many challenges. Biogas produced from different biosources may contain pollutants that should be removed. The quality of biogas, represented by methane enrichment, can be improved with biogas purification technology. Removing the pollutants is recommended to avoid severe downstream damage and to increase the calorific value. This chapter discusses biogas purification

Study of Household Biodigesters

Tunnel or tubular type of bio-digester has been widely developed in many countries for producing a renewable clean fuel gas named biogas. This digester type only requires minimum maintenance and simple construction for ensuring its lower cost compared to others with similar capacity. Mostly, polyethylene (PE) plastic bag is used for construction materials of the tubular digesters. In this research, the tubular type has been constructed using large diameter PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) pipe for increasing the durability and safety. The performance of PVC digesters have been tested by measuring biogas production rate and CH concentration in the gas. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) drop between inlet and outlet sludge have been measured for examining the digester ef- ficiency. Then, the performance was compared with PE plastic digesters data from several literatures which still needs some improvements for enhancing its capability and performance

Gelatinase Microbial Morphology from Leather Defect

Microbes attach in pickle leather, wet blue leather, and upper shoeleather have been identified to have positive profile to produce extracellular protease enzymes with pH values of acidic to basic on 15% gelatin and 2% commercial skimmed milk as substrates. Defective tanned leather was added to a microbial growth solution enriched with 2% gelatin substrate and incubated for 7 days at room temperature on an open rotary shaker at 120 rpm and then stored at room temperature while waiting for gelatinase testing. There were 5 morphological colonies of microbial gelatinase from defective tanned skin, all of which were white

Extraction of Tannins Compound from Tingi Wood Bark Extract and It’s Aplication on the Tanner Snapper Fish (Green Jobb-fish) Skin

The research objective is the extraction of tannins from tingi wood bark extract and it’s application on the tanning of green job-fish (Aprion virescens) skin as raw material for commercial leather products. The factor that is used as a source of treatment is concentration of  tingi bark extract with five treatments, respectively: 5.0% (a1) ; 7.5% (a2) ; 10.0% (a3) ; 12.5% ​​(a4) ; 15.0% (a5) (interval 2.5%) with three replications. Statistical methods used to analyze data is Variant Analysis and Least Significant Difference Test. Leaher quality parameters was observed that the thickness (mm), tensile strength (N/cm2), elongation (%), tear strength (N/cm), wrinkle temperature (ºC), enervation (mm), oil/fat content (%). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and a real range test Duncan (Duncan Multiple Range Test / DMRT) at a significance level of 95%, and processed with SPSS version 18. Based on the observations of a tanned leather sample, it is known that the Thickness value of the samples of treatment a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 respectively: 0.69 ; 0.61 ; 0.60 ; 0.69 ; 0.68 mm, Tensile strength: 639.75 ; 926.27 ; 923.13 ; 809.37 ; 753.51 N/cm2, Elongation: 33.82 ; 35.70 ; 34.52 ; 38.10 ; 23.35%,Tear strength: 186.72 ; 341.37 ; 335.32 ; 431.39 ; 182.47 N/cm, Temperature wrinkle: 76.33 ; 76.00 ; 81.00 ; 83.33 ; 81,33ºC, Enervation: 1.79 ; 1.65 ; 1.72 ; 1.57 ; 1.75 mm, Oil/fat content: 6.70 ; 7.58 ; 7.95 ; 8.34 ; 7.87%. Based on the results of the overall analysis, all quality parameters to according the quality requirements SNI 06-4586-1988 about freshwater snake leather tanned chrome, with a 12.5% ​​treatment of tingi bark extract liquid (a4) is the best treatment. Keywords: concentration, quality, leather, skin, tannin, tingi bark extract, white snappe

Chemical Quality of Chicken Bone Waste Gelatin Extracted using Chloride Acid

This study aims to isolate and extract the chicken bone gelatin through hydrolysis process and was analyzed chemically the extracted gelatin product. Research activities included several stages: (1) chicken bone waste preparation (2) ossein extraction (3) gelatin production (4) gelatin chemical analysis. The extraction time was 60 minutes with 5 treatment levels of HCl concentration ie K1 = 2%, K2 = 3%, K3 = 4%, K4 = 5% and K5 = 6%. Each treatment was repeated three times. Gelatin analysis consists of water content, ash content, protein content, pH value, viscosity, and gel strength. The highest water content was 15,76% at 2% HCl concentration, the highest ash content was 44,40% at 2% HCl concentration, and the highest protein content was 23,23% at 3% HCl concentration. The highest pH value was 4.14 produced by gelatin at 2% HCl concentration, viscosity was 5,13 cP and gel strength of 252,43, the best bloom was produced by gelatin at 6% concentration level. The conclusion of this research is the best quality of gelatin is obtained by using chicken bones and the use of chloride acid for 24 hours and 6% HCl concentration level