Cytoneme-Mediated Delivery of Hedgehog Regulates the Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to Maintain Germline Stem Cells in Drosophila

Genetic manipulation of the germline stem cell niche in Drosophila ovaries reveals that support cells ensure the maintenance of stem cells by modulating the spread of Hedgehog within the niche

Microarray-Based Approach Identifies Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in Porcine Sexually Immature and Mature Testes

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules which are proved to be involved in mammalian spermatogenesis. Their expression and function in the porcine germ cells are not fully understood.We employed a miRNA microarray containing 1260 unique miRNA probes to evaluate the miRNA expression patterns between sexually immature (60-day) and mature (180-day) pig testes. One hundred and twenty nine miRNAs representing 164 reporter miRNAs were expressed differently (p<0.1). Fifty one miRNAs were significantly up-regulated and 78 miRNAs were down-regulated in mature testes. Nine of these differentially expressed miRNAs were validated using quantitative RT-PCR assay. Totally 15,919 putative miRNA-target sites were detected by using RNA22 method to align 445 NCBI pig cDNA sequences with these 129 differentially expressed miRNAs, and seven putative target genes involved in spermatogenesis including DAZL, RNF4 gene were simply confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR.Overall, the results of this study indicated specific miRNAs expression in porcine testes and suggested that miRNAs had a role in regulating spermatogenesis

Search for Periodic Time Variations of the Solar 8^8B Neutrino Flux Between 1996 and 2018 in Super-Kamiokande

We report a search for time variations of the solar $^8$B neutrino flux using 5,804 live days of Super-Kamiokande data collected between May 31, 1996, and May 30, 2018. Super-Kamiokande measured the precise time of each solar neutrino interaction over 22 calendar years to search for solar neutrino flux modulations with unprecedented precision. Periodic modulations are searched for in a data set comprised of five-day interval solar neutrino flux measurements with a maximum likelihood method. We also applied the Lomb-Scargle method to this data set to compare it with previous reports. The only significant modulation found is due to the elliptic orbit of the Earth around the Sun. The observed modulation is consistent with astronomical data: we measured an eccentricity of (1.53$\pm$0.35)\,\%, and a perihelion shift is ($-$1.5$\pm$13.5)\,days.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, and data file: "sksolartimevariation5804d.txt

Measurements of the charge ratio and polarization of cosmic-ray muons with the Super-Kamiokande detector

We present the results of the charge ratio (R) and polarization (Pμ0) measurements using the decay electron events collected from 2008 September to 2022 June by the Super-Kamiokande detector. Because of its underground location and long operation, we performed high precision measurements by accumulating cosmic-ray muons. We measured the muon charge ratio to be R=1.32±0.02 (stat.+syst.) at EμcosθZenith=0.7+0.3−0.2 TeV, where Eμ is the muon energy and θZenith is the zenith angle of incoming cosmic-ray muons. This result is consistent with the Honda flux model while this suggests a tension with the πK model of 1.9σ. We also measured the muon polarization at the production location to be Pμ0=0.52±0.02 (stat.+syst.) at the muon momentum of 0.9+0.6−0.1 TeV/c at the surface of the mountain; this also suggests a tension with the Honda flux model of 1.5σ. This is the most precise measurement ever to experimentally determine the cosmic-ray muon polarization near 1 TeV/c. These measurement results are useful to improve the atmospheric neutrino simulations

Performance of SK-Gd's upgraded real-time supernova monitoring system

Among multi-messenger observations of the next galactic core-collapse supernova, Super-Kamiokande (SK) plays a critical role in detecting the emitted supernova neutrinos, determining the direction to the supernova (SN), and notifying the astronomical community of these observations in advance of the optical signal. On 2022, SK has increased the gadolinium dissolved in its water target (SK-Gd) and has achieved a Gd concentration of 0.033%, resulting in enhanced neutron detection capability, which in turn enables more accurate determination of the supernova direction. Accordingly, SK-Gd's real-time supernova monitoring system (Abe te al. 2016b) has been upgraded. SK_SN Notice, a warning system that works together with this monitoring system, was released on December 13, 2021, and is available through GCN Notices (Barthelmy et al. 2000). When the monitoring system detects an SN-like burst of events, SK_SN Notice will automatically distribute an alarm with the reconstructed direction to the supernova candidate within a few minutes. In this paper, we present a systematic study of SK-Gd's response to a simulated galactic SN. Assuming a supernova situated at 10 kpc, neutrino fluxes from six supernova models are used to characterize SK-Gd's pointing accuracy using the same tools as the online monitoring system. The pointing accuracy is found to vary from 3-7∘ depending on the models. However, if the supernova is closer than 10 kpc, SK_SN Notice can issue an alarm with three-degree accuracy, which will benefit follow-up observations by optical telescopes with large fields of view

Возможности оптимизации деятельности следователя и эксперта-специалиста по улучшению эффективности расследования дорожно-транспортных происшествий

The subject of the study is to improve the interaction between the activities of participants in the investigation of road traffic offences. From the materials of criminal cases, it is clear that quite often the role and place of the forensic examination is unreasonably diminished by the investigator. It happens due to the fact that a large part of the physical evidence collected at the crime scene during the initial inspection of the scene of the incident and containing the necessary amount of investigatively significant information, falls out of the general picture that forms the content of the investigative situation. The most effective interaction of the investigator with the expert is realized only when it is organized from the very beginning of the investigation of the crime event, and hereby covers all stages of the investigation, from the examination of the crime scene, the appointment of the examination, the process of examination, conclusions, and end results of expert research. Gathering evidence and clarifying all the circumstances that contribute to the commission of the crime seems to be the basis for solving practical problems that confront the investigator upon arrival at the scene of an accident. For the full implementation of these tasks, the investigator resorts to the practical assistance of an expert, a specialist who has methods for solving the questions posed to them, the practical possibilities accumulated in the complex of technical and forensic, as well as theoretical support for the production of examinations. To implement the tasks set for the investigator to investigate accidents, the investigator simply needs to assress an expert for competent answers. In turn, the expert is authorized to take expert initiative in the course of the investigation, within the limits of his expert authority, to identify, evaluate and establish the circumstances indicated by the investigator in the case under investigation. Empirical and theoretical research methods, a comprehensive analysis, and other methods of scientific knowledge were used in the process of study. The results of the study made it possible to formulate a set of recommendations aimed at improving the regulatory framework governing the interaction of the investigator and expertПредметом исследования является улучшение взаимодействия деятельности участников процесса при расследовании дорожно-транспортных преступлений. Из материалов уголовных дел видно, что достаточно часто роль и место судебной экспертизы необоснованно принижаются следователем. Именно из-за этого достаточно большая часть собранных на месте события преступления вещественных доказательств при производстве первоначального осмотра места происшествия и содержащих в себе необходимый объем следственно значимой информации, выпадает из общей картины, формирующей содержание следственной ситуации. Наиболее эффективное взаимодействие следователя с экспертом реализуется лишь тогда, когда оно организовано с самого начала расследования события преступления, при этом охватывает все этапы производства следственных действий, начиная с осмотра места события преступления, назначения производства экспертизы, самого процесса производства экспертизы, заключения, выводов и конечных результатов экспертного исследования. Собирание доказательств и выяснение всех обстоятельств, способствующих совершению преступления, представляется основой решения практических задач, встающих перед следователем по прибытии на место ДТП. Для полноценной реализации этих задач следователь прибегает к практической помощи эксперта, специалиста, имеющих в содержании способы решения поставленных перед ними вопросов, практические возможности, аккумулированные в комплексе технико-криминалистического и теоретического обеспечения производства экспертиз. Для реализации поставленных перед следователем задач по расследованию ДТП ему просто необходимо обращаться за компетентными ответами к эксперту. В свою очередь, эксперт полномочен проявлять экспертную инициативу в ходе производства расследования в пределах своих экспертных полномочий для выявления оценки и установления обозначенных следователем обстоятельств по расследуемому делу. В процессе написания работы были использованы методы эмпирического и теоретического исследования, комплексного анализа и другие методы научного познания. Результаты исследования позволили сформулировать комплекс рекомендаций, направленных на совершенствование и улучшение нормативно- правовой базы, регулирующей взаимодействие следователя и эксперт