116 research outputs found

    Biosecurity Practices Applied in Aquacultural Farms in Northern Senegal,West Africa

    Get PDF
    This study was conducted in northern Senegal, covering the regions of Saint-Louis, Louga and Matam, from June 2016 to December 2016. Surveys were carried out at all farms in this area where fish, shrimp, and molluscs farming or grow-out activities are conducted. The sampling method used is the survey determined by respondents which is a variation of snowball sampling. This method allowed us to administer a questionnaire to the fiftynine farms in activity in northern Senegal. The overall objective of this paper is to contribute to the improvement of knowledge on aquaculture biosecurity in the study areas through the application of biosecurity measures. This study highlighted the interconnections between the different farms, identified biosecurity measures for infrastructure, livestock and food, and assessed the different biosecurity measures applied to staff. The results revealed that biosecurity measures are poorly implemented. 74.6% of the people surveyed are also unaware of the mechanisms by which aquatic animal diseases appear and spread out, while 86.4% of them have no knowledge of biosecurity in aquaculture. Our recommendations focus on the need to encourage aquaculture professionals to apply biosecurity measures at all production stages. There is also the need for training or capacity building for aquaculture farmers on biosecurity measures. &nbsp

    Caractérisation de la structure démographique des ligneux dans les parcs agroforestiers du terroir de Dan Saga (Aguié, Niger)

    Get PDF
    La rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle assistĂ©e est une technique de prĂ©servation des ligneux dans les parcs agroforestiers pratiquĂ©e par les populations du terroir villageois de Dan Saga depuis plus de 20 ans. Cependant, son impact sur les caractĂ©ristiques structurales et Ă©cologiques reste Ă  dĂ©terminer. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  caractĂ©riser les parcs agroforestiers du terroir villageois de Dan Saga et Ă  dĂ©terminer la structure dĂ©mographique des peuplements ligneux et des espĂšces ligneuses les plus dominantes et utilisĂ©es par les populations. Pour ce faire, un inventaire forestier a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© dans 80 placettes de 2500 mÂČ (50 m x 50 m) chacune. La rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e dans des placeaux de 25 mÂČ. Les structures dĂ©mographiques construites ont Ă©tĂ© ajustĂ©es au modĂšle de Weibull Ă  3 paramĂštres. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont permis d’identifier trois parcs agroforestiers Ă  savoir: le parc Ă  Tamarindus indica et Grewia tenax, le parc Ă  Annona senegalensis et Faidherbia ablida, et le parc Ă  Albizia chevalerie et Cassia singuena. La structure en diamĂštre des peuplements ligneux et des espĂšces dominantes se caractĂ©rise par une densitĂ© importante d’individus dans les classes de petits diamĂštres. Ces donnĂ©es sont utiles pour une gestion durable des parcs agroforestiers.Mots clĂ©s : Parc agroforestier, peuplement ligneux, structure dĂ©mographique, Dan Saga, Niger

    Evaluation De La Denutrition Chez Les Enfants Ages De 2 A 60 Mois Hospitalises Aux Services De Pediatrie Des Hopitaux De Ziguinchor (Senegal)

    Get PDF
    Introduction: Malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries. The prevalence of malnutrition at the national level hardly reflects the reality in hospitals. It is in this context that we assessed the nutritional status of children from 2 months to 5 years hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the regional hospital and the Ziguinchor Peace Hospital. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study from June 1 to October 30, 2016. Children aged 2 to 60 months, hospitalized in one of the two services, were included. Children with esdato-ascetic syndrome were not included. Epidemiological, anthropometric data, and associated diagnosis were studied. Results: We included 114 children (70 boys and 44 girls). The average age was 21.9 months [4-59]. Forty-two point one percent (42.1%) of infants <6 months were breastfed exclusively with breast milk. The weaning of children was done early in 55.3%. The mean age of mothers was 26.6 years [17-38]. The socioeconomic level was low in 62.3% of cases. The prevalence of malnutrition averaged 35.5% for underweight; 32.9% for wasting and 32.0% for stunting. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute gastroenteritis were the most common associated conditions. Mean hospital stay was 8 days ± 009 [3-28]. About two thirds of the patients (n = 72) had a hospital stay of more than 7 days. Malnutrition was significantly associated with multiparity, low socioeconomic status, hospital stay of more than 7 days and infectious diseases. Conclusion: Infections and a hospital stay longer than a week are factors favoring malnutrition in children from 2 months to 5 years

    Fractures of the proximal femur in the elderly in a sub-Saharan country

    Get PDF
    Background: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, radiographic and therapeutic profile of the fractures of the proximal femur in the elderly in a sub-Saharan country.Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was carried out at the orthopedic trauma department of Idrissa Pouye Hospital in Senegal. Sixty-six patients recruited were aged at least 90 years; and treated for proximal femur fracture between 2008 and 2017.Results: The median age of the patients was 91 years (90-107). Females represented 54.5%. The fracture was located in the right 65.2%. Femoral neck fractures were 53% predominant with 94.3% type IV according to Garden’s classification. Concerning the 31 patients with a pertrochanteric fractures, 61.3% were stable and 38.7% unstable. The time taken for seeking hospital care was an average of 5.8±9.7 days. All patients had a preoperative anesthesic score less than 4 according to the American society of anesthesiologists (ASA). The therapeutic indication was functional in 15.1% of cases, surgical by internal fixation in 39.2% and by arthroplasty in 45.7% of cases. Pertrochanteric fractures were managed by a dynamic hip screw (DHS) in 68.2% and by gamma nail in 18.2%. Femoral neck fractures were managed by Moore's arthroplasty in 93.3% and by bipolar hip prothesis (BHP) in 6.7%.Conclusions: Fractures of the proximal femur represent a growing problem in sub-Saharan Africa. For patients above 90 years, the management remains essentially surgical by internal fixation in pertrochanteric fractures or by arthroplasty in cervical fractures

    The Joola civilization and the management of mangroves in Lower Casamance, Senegal

    Get PDF
    The mangrove ecosystem is one of the most productive in Casamance and the most important biomes in Senegal. This threatened ecosystem is found on the banks of Casamance river and along its tributaries, known as the bolong or inlets. The importance of the mangrove ecosystem results from its biodiversity and its ecological, economic and socio-cultural in particular functions ritual places, totem cockpit, etc. The Lower Casamance mangroves are the site of diverse traditional representations and activities of the Joola society, including prohibitions on the cutting of mangroves and seasonal restrictions on the harvesting of oysters in restricted access. We conducted research designed to understand the practices associated with the use of mangroves by the Joola society. The methodology we used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Semi-structured informal and individual interviews, as well as field observations were carried out. The results of our research show that mangroves are considered sacred by the Joola and that the practices they conduct in these areas are governed by very strict and traditional rules. These practices are animated by various representations that crystallize their behaviors in totems, taboos, rituals and the sacredness of natural spaces. However, with the adoption of monotheistic religions notably Islam and Christianity, certain prohibitions and beliefs that have preserved these spaces are disappearing and that mangroves are deteriorating. Therefore, traditional methods of in situ conservation must be preserved in order to ensure the protection of mangrove ecosystems. This article highlights the importance of Joola customs and practices and reviews traditional methods that have favored the conservation of parts of the mangrove.La mangrove constitue un des Ă©cosystĂšmes les plus productifs de la Casamance et une biomasse des plus importantes au SĂ©nĂ©gal. Cet Ă©cosystĂšme fragile et menacĂ© se trouve sur les rives du fleuve Casamance (principal cours d’eau de la rĂ©gion) et de ses affluents les bolongs. L’importance de cette formation dĂ©coule de sa biodiversitĂ© et de ses fonctions Ă©cologiques, Ă©conomiques et socioculturelles notamment de lieux de rituel, habitacle de totem, etc. En Basse Casamance, la mangrove est le thĂ©Ăątre de diverses reprĂ©sentations et activitĂ©s traditionnelles de la sociĂ©tĂ© diola. Elle est associĂ©e Ă  des croyances qui interdisent de couper le bois de mangrove et de collecter des huĂźtres durant l’hivernage. L’accĂšs aux zones de mangrove rĂ©servĂ©es aux pratiques culturelles (initiation) ou cultuelles (rituelles) est limitĂ© voire interdit. La mĂ©thodologie que nous avons utilisĂ©e est une combinaison d’approches qualitatives et quantitatives. Des entretiens semi-structurĂ©s informels et individuels, ainsi que des observations sur le terrain ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s. Les rĂ©sultats de nos recherches montrent que les espaces de mangrove associĂ©e aux pratiques traditionnelles sont dĂ©clarĂ©s sacrĂ©s et rĂ©gis par des rĂšgles trĂšs strictes et traditionnelles. Ces pratiques sont animĂ©es par diverses reprĂ©sentations qui cristallisent leurs comportements dans des totems, des tabous, des rituels et le caractĂšre sacrĂ© des espaces naturels. Cependant, avec l'adoption des religions monothĂ©istes notamment l'islam et le christianisme, certaines interdictions et croyances qui ont prĂ©servĂ© ces espaces disparaissent et les mangroves se dĂ©gradent. Pourtant, ces espaces de mangrove sacrĂ©e font partis des sites les moins soumis aux phĂ©nomĂšnes de dĂ©gradation. Par consĂ©quent, les mĂ©thodes traditionnelles de conservation in situ doivent ĂȘtre prĂ©servĂ©es afin d'assurer la protection des Ă©cosystĂšmes de mangroves. Cet article met en Ă©vidence l'importance des coutumes et pratiques diola et passe en revue les mĂ©thodes traditionnelles qui ont favorisĂ© la conservation de certaines parties de la mangrove

    Modes de vie et santé bucco-dentaire chez les pĂȘcheurs sĂ©nĂ©galais.

    Get PDF
    Oral health is determined by several factors that are individual and socially dependent. The objective of this study was to describe the lifestyles, eating habits and oral hygiene habits of Senegalese fishermen at sea. The study was cross-sectional and focused on fishermen in the Dakar, ThiĂšs and Saint Louis regions. The study took place in some of the main fishing quays of ThiĂšs (Kayar, Mboro and Mbour), Dakar (Yoff and Hann) and Saint Louis (Guet Ndar).  A 3-stage cluster sampling was carried out. The sample size was 604 individuals. Epidemiological data collected were dietary habits: dairy, meat, fish, etc., lifestyles: smoking, alcohol, coffee, tea, etc., oral hygiene habits: means, products, methods and dental status ( DMFT). Seventy-nine percent of the fishermen surveyed consumed dairy products at sea, 31.5% consumed tobacco. More than one fifth of the fishermen who smoked smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day. Nearly 75% of the sample reported using sea water to relieve their pain. More than 37.3% of the fishermen reported brushing their teeth twice a day. The consumption of fish products was significantly associated with DMFT (p=0.04). The average DMFTof tea drinkers (7.75) was lower than that of non-drinkers (8.48) without a significant difference (p value = 0.073). This work, carried out among fishermen in Senegal, has shown us that the lifestyle, hygiene and dietary habits used are negative for oral health.  La santĂ© bucco-dentaire est dĂ©terminĂ©e par plusieurs facteurs qui sont d’ordre individuel et d’ordre dĂ©pendante de la sociĂ©tĂ©. L’objectif de ce travail Ă©tait de dĂ©crire les modes de vie, les habitudes alimentaires et les habitudes d’hygiĂšne orale en mer des pĂȘcheurs sĂ©nĂ©galais. L’étude Ă©tait de type transversal et portait sur les pĂȘcheurs de la rĂ©gion de Dakar, de ThiĂšs et de Saint Louis. L’étude s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e dans certains principaux quais de pĂȘche de ThiĂšs (Kayar, Mboro et Mbour), de Dakar (Yoff et Hann) et de Saint-Louis (Guet Ndar).  Un Ă©chantillonnage en grappes Ă  3 degrĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©. La taille de l’échantillon Ă©tait de 604 individus. Les donnĂ©es Ă©pidĂ©miologiques recueillies Ă©taient les habitudes alimentaires : laitage, viande, poisson, etc., les modes de vie : tabagisme, alcool, cafĂ©, thĂ©, etc., les habitudes d’hygiĂšne orale : moyens, produits, mĂ©thodes et Ă©tat dentaire (CAO).Soixante-dix-neuf pour cent des pĂȘcheurs enquĂȘtĂ©s consommaient des produits laitiers en mer, 31,5% consommaient le tabac. Plus du cinquiĂšme des pĂȘcheurs tabagiques fumaient plus de10 cigarettes par jour. PrĂšs de 75% de l’échantillon dĂ©claraient utiliser l’eau de la mer pour soulager leur douleur. Plus de 37,3% des pĂȘcheurs dĂ©claraient se brosser les dents avec une frĂ©quence de deux fois par jour.La consommation de  produits halieutiques Ă©taient associĂ©s significativement au CAO (p=0,04). La moyenne CAO des buveurs de thĂ© (7,75) Ă©tait infĂ©rieure Ă  celle des non-buveurs (8,48) sans une diffĂ©rence significative (p value = 0,073). Ce travail, menĂ© chez les pĂȘcheurs au SĂ©nĂ©gal, nous a montrĂ© que les modes de vie, habitudes d’hygiĂšne mais aussi alimentaire utilisĂ©s sont nĂ©gatifs Ă  la santĂ© bucco-dentaire.

    Etude Phénotypique des Taurins Ndama du Centre de Recherches Zootechniques de Kolda (Sénégal)

    Get PDF
    Au Sud du SĂ©nĂ©gal, du fait de la prĂ©sence de glossines, le taurin Ndama ou Bos taurus taurus est la principale race bovine Ă©levĂ©e par les agropasteurs. L’importance indĂ©niable de ces bovins dans la vie socio-Ă©conomique a conduit Ă  la crĂ©ation du Centre de Recherches zootechniques de Kolda (CRZ-K) et l’initiation d’un programme de sĂ©lection Ă  noyau fermĂ© dĂšs 1972 pour amĂ©liorer les performances des taurins. L’actuel noyau de sĂ©lection ouvert est constituĂ© par des animaux appartenant au CRZ-K et ceux de la CoopĂ©rative des Agro-Ă©leveurs SĂ©lectionneurs de la Ndama (CASE-Ndama). L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est de caractĂ©riser phĂ©notypiquement les taurins Ndama du noyau de sĂ©lection. La collecte des donnĂ©es phĂ©notypiques composĂ©es de 15 variables qualitatives et 17 quantitatives a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sur 118 taurins adultes agĂ©s d’au moins quatre ans. L’évaluation des performances pondĂ©rales a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e grĂące Ă  l’analyse des donnĂ©es longitudinales de 1970 bovins durant la pĂ©riode de 1973 Ă  2016. Les variables qualitatives ont Ă©tĂ© exprimĂ©es en pourcentages et pour les variables quantitatives, une analyse descriptive et une comparaison des moyennes ont Ă©tĂ© faites. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que la majoritĂ© des animaux prĂ©sentait la mĂȘme apparence avec une robe fauve uniforme, des cornes bicolores en lyre, des muqueuses peu pigmentĂ©es. Avec un dimorphisme marquĂ© chez les bovins, les animaux adultes ont une hauteur au garrot moyenne de 106,9 ± 3,5 cm et un poids moyen de 230,9 ± 40,6 kg. Les moyennes de la longueur du corps et du pĂ©rimĂštre thoracique Ă©taient de 112,0 ± 7,9 cm et 150,0 ± 8,4 cm respectivement. Cette Ă©tude tout en montrant la hausse des mensurations corporelles des animaux par rapport Ă  leurs congĂ©nĂšres Ă©levĂ©s dans les exploitations rurales souligne la baisse des performances pondĂ©rales survenue pendant certaines pĂ©riodes durant lesquelles le programme a connu des contraintes. In southern Senegal, because of tsetse flies, Ndama taurine or Bos taurus taurus is the main bovine breed raised by farmers. The undeniable importance of these cattle in the socio-economic life led to the creation of the Centre de Recherches Zootechniques of Kolda (CRZ-K) and the initiation of a selection program since 1972 to improve animal productivity. The current open breeding nucleus is composed by animals belonging to the CRZ-K and those of farmers Ndama Agro-Breeders' Cooperative (CASE-Ndama). The aim of this study is to phenotypically characterize Ndama taurins of the selection nucleus. The phenotypic data collected for 15 qualitative and 17 quantitative variables was carried out on 118 adult bulls at least four years old. Longitudinal data from 1970 cattle during the period 1973 to 2016 were used to evaluate weight performances. The results showed that the majority of animals had the same appearance with a uniform fawn color, black and white lyre horns and fairly pigmented mucous membranes. Sexual dimorphism was marked. Adult animals had an average height of 106.9 ± 3.5 cm and average weight of 230.9 ± 40.6 kg. The mean of body length and chest perimeter were 112.0 ± 7.9 cm and 150.0 ± 8.4 cm respectively. This study showed the increase in body measurements of animals compared to those in rural farms and highlighted the decline in weight performances occurred during certain periods where the program had constraints

    Tumeurs sub-mandibulaires: profils épidémiologiques et histologiques

    Get PDF
    Introduction: Il s'agit de dĂ©terminer les profils Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et histologiques des tumeurs submandibulaires.MĂ©thodes: Il s'agissait d'une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective et descriptive de 10 ans (1er janvier 2000 au 31  dĂ©cembre 2009), rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le service universitaire d'ORL de l'hĂŽpital de Fann. Etaient inclus dans cette Ă©tude tous patients porteurs d'une tumeur submandibulaire (opĂ©rĂ© ou non), confirmĂ©e par un  document histologique. RĂ©sultats: Vingt-une tumeurs submandibulaires ont Ă©tĂ© colligĂ©es. L'Ăąge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 34,42 ans (± 14,10), avec des extrĂȘmes de 2 et 55 ans. Quinze patients (71,4%) Ă©taient de sexe fĂ©minin, soit un sex-ratio de 0,4. Les rĂ©sultats histologiques Ă©taient obtenus Ă  partir de 4 biopsies et de 17 piĂšces opĂ©ratoires. Dans 13 cas (61,9%) la tumeur Ă©tait bĂ©nigne et dans 8 cas (38,1%) la tumeur Ă©tait maligne. L'adĂ©nome plĂ©omorphe dans 12 cas (57,1%), le carcinome Ă©pidermoĂŻde dans 4 cas (19%) et l'adĂ©nocarcinome dans 2 cas (9,5%) Ă©taient les types histologiques frĂ©quents. Treize (13) patients Ă©taient porteurs d'une tumeur bĂ©nigne, dont huit (8) patients Ă©taient de sexe fĂ©minin. Huit (8) patients Ă©taient porteurs d'une tumeur maligne. Sept patients Ă©taient de sexe fĂ©minin. Conclusion: Cette Ă©tude sur les tumeurs submandibulaires est marquĂ©e par une prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine et une frĂ©quence Ă©levĂ©e des adĂ©nomes plĂ©omorphes et des carcinomes  Ă©pidermoĂŻdes.Key words: Glande submandibulaire, tumeur, epidĂ©miologie, histologie
    • 

    corecore