23 research outputs found

    Perception des paysans sur la contrainte de la mineuse de l'épi Heliocheilus albipunctella De Joannis, ravageur important du mil en zone sahélienne

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    Heliocheilus albipunctella De Joannis est un important ravageur des Ă©pis du mil en zone sahĂ©lienne. Pour documenter la perception des paysans par rapport Ă  ce ravageur, une enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en avril 2016 avec un Ă©chantillon de 732 producteurs dans cinq principales rĂ©gions agricoles du Niger. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont montrĂ© que: 1) 17 % des rĂ©pondants ont pu dĂ©crire le cycle biologique de H. albipunctella; 2) le ravageur cause en moyenne 43 Ă  82 % de perte de production, une moyenne obtenue depuis 28 ans selon les rĂ©gions; 3) 37 Ă  78 % des producteurs savent que les infestations des Ă©pis du mil sont favorisĂ©es par les semis prĂ©coces, les sĂ©cheresses et la nature sableuse du sol; 4) d'aprĂšs la moitiĂ© des rĂ©pondants le plus de dĂ©gĂąts sont observĂ©s au stade grenaison du mil; 5) plus de 80 % des producteurs ne connaissent aucune mĂ©thode de lutte contre ce ravageur. Ces informations interpellent sur l'incidence nĂ©gative de H. albipunctella sur le rendement du mil dans ces zones prĂ©caires. La nĂ©cessitĂ© de dĂ©velopper un programme participatif de gestion intĂ©grĂ©e de ce ravageur est recommandĂ©e

    Popularization of traditional processing of cowpea into Couscous (Beroua) in the West (Dogondoutchi) and Mid-South (Maradi and Zinder) of Niger

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    In Niger, there is a rich diversity of food processing sits from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Like most processed products, beroua or cowpea couscous is produced using artisanal processes. It is originated from the people of Arawa (Dogondoutchi). This transformation spread to the Maradi and Zinder regions, where studies have shown variability in the processing of cowpea grains into beroua. This study aimed to describe local knowledge around the different processes of processing cowpea into beroua through important areas of cowpea agricultural production in Niger, notably Dosso, Maradi and Zinder. The results show that beroua has been known for several years by local populations, its production and consumption are based on traditional knowledge and know-how. Cultural and technical exchanges between peoples transformed the beroua popular quickly. The beroua, through marketing and various exhibitions, has contributed to the popularization of Niger's traditional dishes both at national and international level

    Troponine Ultra-sensible: Quelles Indications et Comment InterprĂ©ter les RĂ©sultats en GĂ©riatrie Un cas d'ÉlĂ©vation de la Troponine chez une OctogĂ©naire

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    La troponine T ultra-sensible (us), marqueur biologique spĂ©cifique du cƓur, peut ĂȘtre Ă©levĂ©e dans des conditions pathologiques autres que le syndrome coronarien aigu. Ces autres causes peuvent ou non ĂȘtre directement liĂ©es aux maladies cardiaques. Nous rapportons le cas d'une patiente de 85 ans prĂ©sentant de multiples Ă©vĂ©nements cardiovasculaires qui prĂ©sentait une Ă©lĂ©vation de la troponine T us Ă  1088 pg/ml, probablement due Ă  de multiples Ă©tiologies.   The ultra-sensitive troponin T (us), a specific biological marker of the heart, may be elevated in pathological conditions other than acute coronary syndrome. These other causes may or may not be directly related to heart disease. We report the case of an 85-year-old female patient with multiple cardiovascular events who presented an elevation of us troponin T to 1088 pg / ml, probably due to multiple etiologies

    Improving cereal productivity and farmers’ income using a strategic application of fertilizers in West Africa

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    In the past two years, ICRISAT, in collaboration with other International Agricultural Research Centres, National Agricultural Research and Extension Systems, has been evaluating and promoting point or hill application of fertilizer along with “Warrantage” in three West African countries, namely, Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. The hill application of fertilizers consists of applying small doses of fertilizer in the planting hills of millet and sorghum. The combination of strategic hill application of fertilizer with complementary institutional and market linkages, through an inventory credit system (known as “Warrantage”) offers a good opportunity to improve crop productivity and farmers’ incomes. Results from the two year on-farm trials showed that, on average, in all the three countries, grain yields of millet and sorghum were greater by 44 to 120% while incomes of farmers increased by 52 to 134% when using hill application of fertilizer than with the earlier recommended fertilizer broadcasting methods and farmers’ practice. Substantial net profits were obtained by farmers using “Warrantage”. Farmers’ access to credit and inputs was improved substantially through the “Warrantage” system. The technology has reached up to 12650 farm households in the three countries and efforts are in progress to further scale-up and out the technology to wider geographical area

    Troponine Ultra-sensible: Quelles Indications et Comment InterprĂ©ter les RĂ©sultats en GĂ©riatrie Un cas d'ÉlĂ©vation de la Troponine chez une OctogĂ©naire

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    La troponine T ultra-sensible (us), marqueur biologique spĂ©cifique du cƓur, peut ĂȘtre Ă©levĂ©e dans des conditions pathologiques autres que le syndrome coronarien aigu. Ces autres causes peuvent ou non ĂȘtre directement liĂ©es aux maladies cardiaques. Nous rapportons le cas d'une patiente de 85 ans prĂ©sentant de multiples Ă©vĂ©nements cardiovasculaires qui prĂ©sentait une Ă©lĂ©vation de la troponine T us Ă  1088 pg/ml, probablement due Ă  de multiples Ă©tiologies.   The ultra-sensitive troponin T (us), a specific biological marker of the heart, may be elevated in pathological conditions other than acute coronary syndrome. These other causes may or may not be directly related to heart disease. We report the case of an 85-year-old female patient with multiple cardiovascular events who presented an elevation of us troponin T to 1088 pg / ml, probably due to multiple etiologies

    Facteurs AssociĂ©s Ă  l’Inobservance ThĂ©rapeutique chez les Patients Admis Pour AcidocĂ©tose DiabĂ©tique Ă  l’HĂŽpital National de Niamey

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    Introduction: L’acidocĂ©tose diabĂ©tique est une complication aigue mĂ©tabolique frĂ©quente du diabĂšte. L’inobservance thĂ©rapeutique, un des facteurs dĂ©compensant du diabĂšte, peut ĂȘtre associĂ© Ă  plusieurs facteurs. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  identifier les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  l’inobservance thĂ©rapeutique Patients et mĂ©thode : il s’agit d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le service de mĂ©decine interne de l’hĂŽpital national de Niamey ayant inclus tous les diabĂ©tiques (type 1 et type 2) hospitalisĂ©s dans le service pour prise en charge d’une acidocĂ©tose. La liaison entre les variables qualitatives a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©e Ă  l’aide du test de Chi2 de Pearson et le test exact de ficher. Le test est significative si P<0,05. La quantification du risque a Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©e par l’estimation de l’Odds Ratio et de l’intervalle de confiance Ă  95%. RĂ©sultats : Au total 197 dossiers ont Ă©tĂ© retenus dont 58,89% de sexe fĂ©minin contre 41,11% de sexe masculin. L’ñge moyen de nos patients Ă©tait de 46,80 +/- 14,31 ans avec des extrĂȘmes de 15ans et de 80 ans. Le diabĂšte de type 2 Ă©tait le plus reprĂ©sentĂ© avec 80,71%. La majoritĂ© des patients (63,45%) avaient une durĂ©e d’évolution du diabĂšte de cinq ans au plus. Les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  l’inobservance thĂ©rapeutique sont : le genre, la durĂ©e d’évolution du diabĂšte et la rĂ©gularitĂ© ou non dans le suivi.  Conclusion : Cette Ă©tude fait un premier Ă©tat des lieux sur les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  l’inobservance thĂ©rapeutique des diabĂ©tiques admis pour acidocĂ©tose Ă  Niamey. Une Ă©tude prospective Ă  plus grande Ă©chelle est nĂ©cessaire pour une meilleure maitrise de la question afin de mieux prĂ©venir cette inobservance.   Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common acute metabolic complication of diabetes. Therapeutic non-compliance, one of the decompensating factors for diabetes, can be associated with several factors. This study aims to identify factors associated with therapeutic non-compliance. Patients and method: this is a retrospective study carried out in the internal medicine department of the National Hospital of Niamey that included all diabetics of one or more, hospitalized in the department for the management of ketoacidosis. The association between qualitative variables was estimated using Pearson's Chi2 test and the exact file test. The test is significant if P<0.05. The quantification of the risk was calculated by estimating the odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 197 applications were retained, of which 58.89% were female and 41.11% were male. The average age of our patients was 46.80 +/- 14.31 years with extremes of 15 years and 80 years. Type 2 diabetes was the most represented with 80.71%. The majority of our patients (63.45%) had a duration of evolution of up to 5 years. The factors associated with non-compliance with treatment are: gender, duration of development of diabetes and regularity or not in follow-up. Conclusion : This study makes a first inventory of the factors associated with the therapeutic non-compliance of diabetics admitted for ketoacidosis. A prospective study on a larger scale is necessary for a better control of the issue in order to better prevent this non-compliance

    Epidémies de Choléra en Afrique Sub-Saharienne: Revue documentaire de 2010 à 2016

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    Introduction: Cholera remains a major public health problem in many parts of the world and particularly in sub-Saharan African countries. The objective of this study is to review data on cholera epidemiology, risk, microbiological and disease control factors in sub-Saharan Africa from 2010 to 2016. Material and method: A literature review on cholera epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa from 2010 to 2016 was conducted using electronic databases from countries that have experienced epidemics. Annual cholera data for countries with outbreaks from 2010 to 2016 have been reported. Results: From 2010 through 2016, 35 of the 54 African countries have experienced cholera epidemics. An overall of 1268 outbreaks have been reported, of which 13.04% were recorded in Nigeria and 4.35% in Burundi. The number of cases reported was 801022 and 13232 deaths (overall CFR =1.65%). Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 are the main etiological agents. The main risk factors are heavy rains, floods, contamination of water sources and lack ofsanitation. Conclusion: In addition to the suffering of patients, cholera outbreaks cause panic, disrupt economic and social structures and hinder the development of affected communities. Mobilization of the water, sanitation and hygiene sectors is essential to ensure the benefits of patient care and cholera vaccination.Introduction : Le cholĂ©ra demeure un problĂšme majeur de SantĂ© Publique dans de nombreuses parties du monde et en particulier dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude de faire une revue des donnĂ©essur les Ă©pidĂ©mies de cholĂ©ra, les facteurs de risques, microbiologiques et de lutte contre la maladie en Afrique sub-saharienne de 2010 Ă  2016. Materiels et mĂ©thode: Une revue de la littĂ©rature sur les Ă©pidĂ©mies de cholĂ©ra en Afrique sub-saharienne de 2010 Ă  2016 a Ă©tĂ© conduite dans des banques de donnĂ©es ou bases de donnĂ©es et bibiothĂšques Ă©lectroniques des pays ayant connu des Ă©pidĂ©mies. Les donnĂ©es annuelles de cholĂ©ra dans les pays ayant connu des Ă©pidĂ©mies de 2010 Ă  2016 ont Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ©es. RĂ©sultats : Entre 2010 et 2016, 35 des 54 pays d'Afrique ont connu des Ă©pidĂ©mies de cholĂ©ra. 1268 Ă©pisodes Ă©pidĂ©miques ont Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ©s dont 13,04% au Nigeria et 4,35% au Burundi. Le nombre de cas notifiĂ©s Ă©tait de 801022 dont 13232 dĂ©cĂšs (lĂ©talitĂ© globale =1,65%). Le Vibrio cholerae O1 et O139 sont les principaux agents Ă©tiologiques Ă©pidĂ©miogĂšnes. Les principaux facteurs de risques sont les pluies abondantes, les inondations, la contamination des sources d’eau et le manque d’assainissement. Conclusion : En dehors des souffrances Ă©prouvĂ©es par les malades, les flambĂ©es de cholĂ©ra provoquent la panique, dĂ©sorganisent les structures Ă©conomiques et sociales et freinent le dĂ©veloppement des communautĂ©s touchĂ©es. Cependant, la mobilisation des secteurs de l’eau, de l’assainissement et de l’hygiĂšne ainsi que le rensforcement des systemes de surveillance et riposte surtout au niveau transfrontalier sont des etapes essentielles pour la lutte contre les epidemies de cholera en Afrique subsaharienne

    Quantifying the value of viral genomics when inferring who infected whom in the 2014–16 Ebola virus outbreak in Guinea

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    Transmission trees can be established through detailed contact histories, statistical or phylogenetic inference, or a combination of methods. Each approach has its limitations, and the extent to which they succeed in revealing a 'true' transmission history remains unclear. In this study, we compared the transmission trees obtained through contact tracing investigations and various inference methods to identify the contribution and value of each approach. We studied eighty-six sequenced cases reported in Guinea between March and November 2015. Contact tracing investigations classified these cases into eight independent transmission chains. We inferred the transmission history from the genetic sequences of the cases (phylogenetic approach), their onset date (epidemiological approach), and a combination of both (combined approach). The inferred transmission trees were then compared to those from the contact tracing investigations. Inference methods using individual data sources (i.e. the phylogenetic analysis and the epidemiological approach) were insufficiently informative to accurately reconstruct the transmission trees and the direction of transmission. The combined approach was able to identify a reduced pool of infectors for each case and highlight likely connections among chains classified as independent by the contact tracing investigations. Overall, the transmissions identified by the contact tracing investigations agreed with the evolutionary history of the viral genomes, even though some cases appeared to be misclassified. Therefore, collecting genetic sequences during outbreak is key to supplement the information contained in contact tracing investigations. Although none of the methods we used could identify one unique infector per case, the combined approach highlighted the added value of mixing epidemiological and genetic information to reconstruct who infected whom
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