Detecció de necessitats formatives del personal docent i investigador de la Universitat de Barcelona. Informe de resultats

Document que recull les necessitats formatives expressades pel PDI de la UB en docència, recerca, gestió i desenvolupament personal. Aquestes dades ajudaran a ajustar l’oferta formativa de l’Institut de Desenvolupament Professional (IPD-ICE). El qüestionari es va adreçar a la totalitat del personal docent i investigador de la UB (5.489). Van respondre’l 1.118 persones (20,37 %). Es tracta d’un mostratge no probabilístic accidental. La taxa de resposta és més alta entre el PDI permanent, 24,49 %, que entre el PDI no estable, 15,07 %

Differences in ex-vivo Chemosensitivity to Anthracyclines in First Line Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Induction schedules in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are based on combinations of cytarabine and anthracyclines. The choice of the anthracycline employed has been widely studied in multiple clinical trials showing similar complete remission rates. Using an ex vivo test we have analyzed if a subset of AML patients may respond differently to cytarabine combined with idarubicin, daunorubicin or mitoxantrone. Bone marrow (BM) samples of 198 AML patients were incubated for 48 hours in 96 well plates, each well containing different drugs or drug combinations at different concentrations. Ex vivo drug sensitivity analysis was made using the PharmaFlow platform maintaining the BM microenvironment. Drug response was evaluated as depletion of AML blast cells in each well after incubation. Annexin V-FITC was used to quantify the ability of the drugs to induce apoptosis, and pharmacological responses were calculated using pharmacokinetic population models. Similar dose-respond graphs were generated for the three anthracyclines, with a slight decrease in EC with idarubicin (p=1.462E-06), whereas the interpatient variability of either drug was large. To identify those cases of selective sensitivity to anthracyclines, potency was compared, in terms of area under the curve. Differences in anthracycline monotherapy potency greater than 30% from 3 pairwise comparisons were identified in 28.3% of samples. Furthermore, different sensitivity was detected in 8.2% of patients comparing combinations of cytarabine and anthracyclines. A third of the patients could benefit from the use of this test in the first line induction therapy selection, although it should be confirmed in a clinical trial specifically designed

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

estudio comparativo en dos grupos de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 que se someten a una intervención educativa de autocuidado en el instituto de salud del estado de México

Las intervenciones educativas en el autocuidado de pacientes con diabetes mellitus basadas en los siete comportamientos que sugiere la Asociación Americana de Diabetes han tenido buenos resultados en algunos países. La propuesta que se presenta mediante esta investigación es la comparación de los resultados entre dos grupos de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus (DM) que se someten a una intervención de autocuidado basada en los siete comportamientos, el primer grupo se selecciona durante la estancia hospitalaria debido a una complicación y el segundo con un grupo de pacientes estables. Se trata de un estudio cuasiexperimental, comparativo con un grupo experimental y un grupo control. Resultados: A pesar de no existir significancia estadística positiva a favor del grupo experimental (hospitalizado) en comparación con los del grupo control. Conclusión: Es necesario continuar evaluando este tipo de estrategias de educación para la salud y mantener controladas las variables confusoras para evitar sesgos en los resultado

estudio comparativo en dos grupos de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 que se someten a una intervención educativa de autocuidado en el instituto de salud del estado de México

Las intervenciones educativas en el autocuidado de pacientes con diabetes mellitus basadas en los siete comportamientos que sugiere la Asociación Americana de Diabetes han tenido buenos resultados en algunos países. La propuesta que se presenta mediante esta investigación es la comparación de los resultados entre dos grupos de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus (DM) que se someten a una intervención de autocuidado basada en los siete comportamientos, el primer grupo se selecciona durante la estancia hospitalaria debido a una complicación y el segundo con un grupo de pacientes estables. Se trata de un estudio cuasiexperimental, comparativo con un grupo experimental y un grupo control. Resultados: A pesar de no existir significancia estadística positiva a favor del grupo experimental (hospitalizado) en comparación con los del grupo control. Conclusión: Es necesario continuar evaluando este tipo de estrategias de educación para la salud y mantener controladas las variables confusoras para evitar sesgos en los resultado

Detecció de necessitats formatives del personal docent i investigador de la Universitat de Barcelona. Informe de resultats

Document que recull les necessitats formatives expressades pel PDI de la UB en docència, recerca, gestió i desenvolupament personal. Aquestes dades ajudaran a ajustar l’oferta formativa de l’Institut de Desenvolupament Professional (IPD-ICE). El qüestionari es va adreçar a la totalitat del personal docent i investigador de la UB (5.489). Van respondre’l 1.118 persones (20,37 %). Es tracta d’un mostratge no probabilístic accidental. La taxa de resposta és més alta entre el PDI permanent, 24,49 %, que entre el PDI no estable, 15,07 %

Differences in ex-vivo Chemosensitivity to Anthracyclines in First Line Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Induction schedules in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are based on combinations of cytarabine and anthracyclines. The choice of the anthracycline employed has been widely studied in multiple clinical trials showing similar complete remission rates. Using an ex vivo test we have analyzed if a subset of AML patients may respond differently to cytarabine combined with idarubicin, daunorubicin or mitoxantrone. Bone marrow (BM) samples of 198 AML patients were incubated for 48 hours in 96 well plates, each well containing different drugs or drug combinations at different concentrations. Ex vivo drug sensitivity analysis was made using the PharmaFlow platform maintaining the BM microenvironment. Drug response was evaluated as depletion of AML blast cells in each well after incubation. Annexin V-FITC was used to quantify the ability of the drugs to induce apoptosis, and pharmacological responses were calculated using pharmacokinetic population models. Similar dose-respond graphs were generated for the three anthracyclines, with a slight decrease in EC with idarubicin (p=1.462E-06), whereas the interpatient variability of either drug was large. To identify those cases of selective sensitivity to anthracyclines, potency was compared, in terms of area under the curve. Differences in anthracycline monotherapy potency greater than 30% from 3 pairwise comparisons were identified in 28.3% of samples. Furthermore, different sensitivity was detected in 8.2% of patients comparing combinations of cytarabine and anthracyclines. A third of the patients could benefit from the use of this test in the first line induction therapy selection, although it should be confirmed in a clinical trial specifically designed

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts