Experienciar, trabalhar e conviver: o artesanato como recurso psicossocial de prevenção social e produção de saúde mental para os usuários do cras áfrica na perspectiva pós pandemia / Experiencing, working and living together: handicrafts as a psychosocial resource for social prevention and mental health production for users of cras áfrica in the post-pandemic perspective

O Centro de Referência de Assistência Social em estudo atende um território marcado pela vulnerabilidade psicossocial da população. Com base nas necessidades da população, elaborou-se um projeto de intervenção psicossocial que pudesse atuar como dispositivo de produção de saúde mental e geração de renda. Nesse sentido, oficinas de artesanato são recursos de produção de saúde mental, bem como fonte de renda para os usuários do serviço, assim, o projeto de intervenção possui fundamental importância interventiva devido ao seu caráter de prevenção social e produção de saúde mental em uma perspectiva integral e humanizada. Esse estudo objetivou identificar aprimoramento que auxiliem aos usuários na promoção do fortalecimento de relações intercomunitárias, contribuindo assim, com a saúde mental, bem como enfrentamento da vulnerabilidade psicossocial. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de campo exploratória, e entrevista remota com a Psicóloga do CRAS. A pandemia do COVID-19 provocou modificações drásticas nos modos de vida da população mundial, trazendo, entre outros, impactos psicossociais, bem como reinvenção no cenário pedagógico, sendo, por sua vez, implantada a tecnologia de forma remota com o intuito de dar segmento ao cronograma escolar. Os impactos negativos estenderam-se por todas as áreas, incluindo, o público atendido pelo CRAS de uma comunidade da cidade de Natal-RN, que, por estar inserido na região litorânea do referido Estado, sofreu diretamente com as supressões do turismo e movimentação de pessoas no litoral. Além disso, como demonstrado, a influência da pandemia refletiu também nas metodologias empregadas, para a realização desta pesquisa e, para a o próprio acompanhamento psicossocial do CRAS, já que os atendimentos presenciais foram, em partes, suspensos. Conclui-se que a problemática que envolve a comunidade abarca diversos princípios e valores merecedores de intervenção e, por isso, deve ser sempre analisada as características socioculturais do território e os modos de vida das famílias, dando-lhes ferramentas que contribuam para o fortalecimento dos vínculos familiares e comunitários, contribuindo para a prevenção social e consequente produção de saúde mental dos sujeitos

Peso materno em gestantes de baixo risco na atenção pré-natal

Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional status of low-risk pregnant women during prenatal, characterize the sociodemographic profile and quantify the patients with inadequate weight. Methods: Observational, prospective in low-risk pregnant women in Aracaju health centers, Sergipe, from March to June 2014. The evaluation followed the nutritional standards recommended by the Ministry of Health (MOH) and was conducted in three consultations consecutive, where the body mass index (BMI) was calculated by the researcher. Socioeconomic and gestational data of the patients were placed on a special form. Statistical analysis was performed using the EPI-INFO software, made distribution tables of frequencies and performed association testing variables. Results: 188 pregnant women were selected, of these 150 were eligible. The average age was 26 years, with standard deviation of 6.53. The average pre-pregnancy weight was 56.3 kg (± 20.8), average weights in the first, second and third reviews were 65.17 kg (± 12.8), 67.56 kg (± 12.9 ) and 69.97 kg (± 12.6), respectively. The pregnant woman’s card filling was incomplete in 63% of cases. In the pre-pregnancy period, 14% were malnourished and 14% obese. A significant association between BMI identified in the consultations and the inadequacy of pre-pregnancy BMI (p <0.01). Conclusions: Most of the women had BMI changed during the evaluations. Prenatal card filling proved inadequate, but there was no association with BMI during pregnancy. The factor related to pregnancy BMI change was the pre-pregnancy BMI inappropriate

Influência do Extrato Pirolenhoso na germinação de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã / Influence of Pirolenhoso Extract on the germination of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatan

Subproduto da carbonização da madeira, o Extrato Pirolenhoso vem sendo estudado como um promotor de germinação de várias culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de Brachiaria britzantha cv. Piatã embebidas em diferentes concentrações e tempos do Extrato Pirolenhoso (EP). O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes localizado na Unidade Acadêmica Especializada em Ciências Agrárias (UAECIA). Os tratamentos consistiram em 5 concentrações do EP (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20%) e diferentes horas de imersão (1, 4, 8, 16 e 24 horas). Foram realizados os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, teste de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência e o teste frio. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo Design Expert® Versão 7.0.0 (Stat-Ease, EUA). As sementes imersas em EP sofreram influência na velocidade da sua germinação. Entretanto em concentrações mais altas do licor, 20%, houve redução na sua taxa de germinação. No tratamento com 5% de EP, durante 18 horas de imersão, 60% das sementes emergiram, já o tratamento utilizando 20% de EP, durante 4 horas de imersão, apresentou mais de 70% de germinação em comparação com a testemunha. Logo, pode-se concluir que o Extrato Pirolenhoso atuou como um estimulador germinativo da espécie Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã

Principais causas de condenação de aves abatidas sob inspeção sanitária estadual na Bahia, Brasil / Main causes of broiler condemnation slaughtered under state sanitary inspection in Bahia, Brazil

A carne de frango é uma das carnes mais consumidas no Brasil e no mundo. Ainda, o país tem grande destaque na produção e exportação de carne de frango. Por isso, contabilizar e analisar as lesões encontradas no abate de frangos de corte é importante para avaliar os aspectos econômicos, epidemiológicos e zoonóticos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, demonstrar e investigar as principais causas de condenação de carcaças abatidas sob inspeção estadual no estado da Bahia. Os dados foram obtidos em parceria com a Agência de Defesa Agropecuária da Bahia (ADAB) e separados em cinco regiões: Barreiras, Feira de Santana, Teixeira de Freitas, Valença e Vitória da conquista. Este estudo levou em conta as seis lesões mais frequentes no período analisado. Durante os 8 anos analisados, cerca de 393.641.475 aves foram abatidas no estado da Bahia. Feira de Santana foi a região com maior número de animais abatidos. Com o passar dos anos, foi observada a diminuição das condenações de carcaças nos estados. As lesões mais frequentes foram celulite, aspecto repugnante, artrite, septicemia, sangria inadequada e contusão

The influence of intestinal parasites on Plasmodium vivax-specific antibody responses to MSP-119 and AMA-1 in rural populations of the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Polyparasitism is a common condition in humans but its impact on the host immune system and clinical diseases is still poorly understood. There are few studies of the prevalence and the effect of malaria-intestinal parasite co-infections in the immune response to malaria vaccine candidates. The present study determines whether the presence of malaria and intestinal parasites co-infection is associated with impaired IgG responses to Plasmodium vivax AMA-1 and MSP-119 in a rural population of the Brazilian Amazon.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud A cross-sectional survey was performed in a rural area of Rondonia State and 279 individuals were included in the present study. At recruitment, whole blood was collected and Plasmodium and intestinal parasites were detected by microscopy and molecular tests. Blood cell count and haemoglobin were also tested and antibody response specific to P. vivax AMA-1 and MSP-119 was measured in plasma by ELISA. The participants were grouped according to their infection status: singly infected with Plasmodium (M); co-infected with Plasmodium and intestinal parasites (CI); singly infected with intestinal parasites (IP) and negative (N) for both malaria and intestinal parasites.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud The prevalence of intestinal parasites was significantly higher in individuals with malaria and protozoan infections were more prevalent. IgG antibodies to PvAMA-1 and/or PvMSP-119 were detected in 74 % of the population. The prevalence of specific IgG was similar for both proteins in all four groups and among the groups the lowest prevalence was in IP group. The cytophilic sub-classes IgG1 and IgG3 were predominant in all groups for PvAMA-1 and IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 for PvMSP-119. In the case of non-cytophilic antibodies to PvAMA-1, IgG2 was significantly higher in IP and N group when compared to M and CI while IgG4 was higher in IP group.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud The presence of intestinal parasites, mainly protozoans, in malaria co-infected individuals does not seem to alter the antibody immune responses to P. vivax AMA-1 and MSP-119. However, IgG response to both AMA1 and MSP1 were lower in individuals with intestinal parasites.The authors are in debt to the individuals who participated in this study, the\ud Secretary of Health and Laboratory Central (LACEN) of Rondonia, the local\ud malaria control team in Joana D´Arc settlement for their logistic support\ud and the Institute Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) for overall support. This work was\ud supported by PRONEX Malaria network funded by the Brazilian Ministry of\ud Science and Technology (MCT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento\ud Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa\ud do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ, Brazil). PROEP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\ud (FIOCRUZ, Brazil). JOF is recipient of a Research Productivity Fellowship from\ud CNPq, JCSA is recipient of a fellowship from Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and VAR,\ud MM from CNPq

Pesca do apaiari, Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831), e perfil socioeconômico dos pescadores artesanais de uma região da Amazônia brasileira

The artisanal fishery is an important economic and subsistence activity among traditional populations in the Amazon Region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the fishery of apaiari, Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831), and to present a socioeconomic profile of artisanal fishermen in the region lakes of Pracuúba, Amapá, Brazil. From May to August 2011 interviews were conducted using standardized forms with fishermen selected by "snowball" method and aged above 18 years old. A total of 68 fishing workers were interviewed, of which 55 were men and 13 women. It was possible to observe that fishing workers have a wide knowledge of fishery in the Region, including apaiari fishery, and that social and economic lives of the Pracuúba population depend totally of the artisanal fishery

Associations between cesarean delivery and child mortality: A national record linkage longitudinal study of 17.8 million births in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: There is an increasing use of cesarean delivery (CD) based on preference rather than on medical indication. However, the extent to which nonmedically indicated CD benefits or harms child survival remains unclear. Our hypothesis was that in groups with a low indication for CD, this procedure would be associated with higher child mortality and in groups with a clear medical indication CD would be associated with improved child survival chances. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a population-based cohort study in Brazil by linking routine data on live births between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018 and assessing mortality up to 5 years of age. Women with a live birth who contributed records during this period were classified into one of 10 Robson groups based on their pregnancy and delivery characteristics. We used propensity scores to match CD with vaginal deliveries (1:1) and prelabor CD with unscheduled CD (1:1) and estimated associations with child mortality using Cox regressions. A total of 17,838,115 live births were analyzed. After propensity score matching (PSM), we found that live births to women in groups with low expected frequencies of CD (Robson groups 1 to 4) had a higher death rate up to age 5 years if they were born via CD compared with vaginal deliveries (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.28; p < 0.001). The relative rate was greatest in the neonatal period (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.34 to 1.45; p < 0.001). There was no difference in mortality rate when comparing offspring born by a prelabor CD to those born by unscheduled CD. For the live births to women with a CD in a prior pregnancy (Robson group 5), the relative rates for child mortality were similar for those born by CD compared with vaginal deliveries (HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.10; p = 0.024). In contrast, for live births to women in groups with high expected rates of CD (Robson groups 6 to 10), the child mortality rate was lower for CD than for vaginal deliveries (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.89 to 0.91; p < 0.001), particularly in the neonatal period (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.85; p < 0.001). Our results should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice, since relevant clinical data on CD indication were not available. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we observed that in Robson groups with low expected frequencies of CD, this procedure was associated with a 25% increase in child mortality. However, in groups with high expected frequencies of CD, the findings suggest that clinically indicated CD is associated with a reduction in child mortality

Risk of mortality for small newborns in Brazil, 2011-2018: A national birth cohort study of 17.6 million records from routine register-based linked data.

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth (25 times higher for LBW (HR=25.8; (95% CI:25.5-26.1) compared to normal birth weight (NBW). 18% of all live births were included in one of the small vulnerable newborn phenotypes. Of those 8.2% were term-SGA (4.7%NBW, 3.5%LBW), 0.6% were term-AGA-LBW, 8.3% preterm-AGA (3.8%NBW, 4.5%LBW) and 1.0% preterm-SGA-LBW. Compared to term-AGA-NBW, the highest mortality risk was for preterm-LBW phenotypes (HR=36.2(95%CI 35.6-36.8) preterm-AGA-LBW, HR=62.0(95%CI 60.8-63.2) preterm-SGA-LBW). The increased mortality risk associated with vulnerable newborn phenotypes was highest in the first month of life, with attenuated but continued high risk in the post-neonatal period and 1-4 years of age. INTERPRETATION: Our findings support the value of using more detailed phenotypes to identify those at highest risk. More granular data can inform care at the individual level, advance research, especially for prevention, and accelerate progress towards global targets such as the Sustainable Development Goals. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio