Aedes ægypti control in urban areas: A systemic approach to a complex dynamic.

The available strategy for controlling the diseases transmitted by Aedes ægypti (dengue fever, Zika, and chikungunya) relies on continued community participation. Despite slogans emphasizing how easy it should be, no country has achieved it since the seventies. To better investigate potentially sustainable interventions, we developed a systemic model based on a multidisciplinary approach, integrating as deeply as possible specialized knowledge and field experience. The resulting model is composed of 4 external and 8 internal subsystems and 31 relationships, consistent with the literature and checked over multiple iterations with specialists of the many areas. We analyzed the model and the main feedback loops responsible for the system's stability, searching for possible interventions that could shift the existing balance. We suggest the introduction of 1 more player, the local primary health care structure, with the potential to change the undesired equilibrium. The health agents in the areas are the first to detect disease cases, and they could stimulate individuals to inform about potential mosquitoes' breeding sites and bring timely information to the vector-control program. Triggering such an action could introduce changes in people's attitude through a positive feedback loop in the desired direction

Detección de Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) en el municipio de Istmina, Chocó, Colombia

Introduction: Aedes albopictus is widely distributed around the world. Its introduction to the Americas occurred in 1985 and it is considered a potential vector of dengue viruses and one of the principal vectors of chikungunya virus. In Colombia, this species was reported for the first time in Leticia (Amazonas) in 1998, followed by Buenaventura (Valle del Cauca) in 2001, Barrancabermeja (Santander) in 2010, and Medellín (Antioquia) in 2011. So far, this species has been reported in ten departments of the country. Objective: To report the finding of A. albopictus in the city of Istmina, Chocó, and its implications for public health. Materials and methods: In January 2015, we conducted an inspection of immature stages of Aedes spp. in breeding sites in the neighborhoods of San Agustín, Santa Genoveva and Subestación in Istmina, Chocó. The immature stages collected in this municipality were identified at the Unidad de Entomología of the Laboratorio de Salud Pública Departamental de Chocó, and confirmed by the Laboratorio de Entomología, Red Nacional de Laboratorios, Instituto Nacional de Salud, in Bogotá. Results: In January 2015, twelve A. albopictus larvae were found in the breeding sites located in Subestación and San Agustín neighborhoods. Conclusions: The occurrence of A. albopictus in the municipality of Istmina underlines the importance of strengthening continuous entomological surveillance strategies at national and local levels in the country, especially in Istmina and its surrounding municipalities.Introducción. Aedes albopictus se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en el mundo. Su introducción en las Américas ocurrió en 1985 y se le considera vector potencial de los virus del dengue y uno de los principales vectores del virus del chikungunya. En Colombia, su primer reporte fue en Leticia, Amazonas, en 1998, seguido de Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca, en 2001, Barrancabermeja, Santander, en 2010 y Medellín, Antioquia, en 2011. La especie se ha reportado en diez departamentos del país. Objetivo. Notificar el hallazgo de A. albopictus en el municipio de Istmina, Chocó, y dar cuenta de su importancia en salud pública. Materiales y métodos. En enero de 2015 se inspeccionaron criaderos de los barrios de San Agustín, Santa Genoveva y Subestación del municipio de Istmina para la detección de formas inmaduras de Aedes spp. Las larvas recolectadas fueron identificadas en la Unidad de Entomología del Laboratorio de Salud Pública Departamental de Chocó y confirmadas en el Laboratorio de Entomología de la Red Nacional de Laboratorios del Instituto Nacional de Salud en Bogotá. Resultados. Se encontraron doce larvas de A. albopictus en criaderos ubicados en los barrios Subestación y San Agustín en el municipio de Istmina. Conclusión. La detección de A. albopictus en el municipio de Istmina resalta la importancia del fortalecimiento de las estrategias de vigilancia entomológica continua a nivel municipal y departamental en el país, y especialmente en Istmina y los municipios aledaños

Aedes ægypti control in urban areas: A systemic approach to a complex dynamic

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-02-08T13:10:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 nildimar_honorio_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 9884218 bytes, checksum: fe44c670115193f0d3c155bfc68e9757 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-02-08T13:18:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nildimar_honorio_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 9884218 bytes, checksum: fe44c670115193f0d3c155bfc68e9757 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-08T13:18:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nildimar_honorio_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 9884218 bytes, checksum: fe44c670115193f0d3c155bfc68e9757 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Programa de Computação Científica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Núcleo Operacional Sentinela de Mosquitos Vetores. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Programa de Computação Científica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The available strategy for controlling the diseases transmitted by Aedes ægypti (dengue fever, Zika, and chikungunya) relies on continued community participation. Despite slogans emphasizing how easy it should be, no country has achieved it since the seventies. To better investigate potentially sustainable interventions, we developed a systemic model based on a multidisciplinary approach, integrating as deeply as possible specialized knowledge and field experience. The resulting model is composed of 4 external and 8 internal subsystems and 31 relationships, consistent with the literature and checked over multiple iterations with specialists of the many areas. We analyzed the model and the main feedback loops responsible for the system's stability, searching for possible interventions that could shift the existing balance. We suggest the introduction of 1 more player, the local primary health care structure, with the potential to change the undesired equilibrium. The health agents in the areas are the first to detect disease cases, and they could stimulate individuals to inform about potential mosquitoes' breeding sites and bring timely information to the vector-control program. Triggering such an action could introduce changes in people's attitude through a positive feedback loop in the desired direction

The Zika Virus Epidemic in Brazil: From Discovery to Future Implications

The first confirmed case of Zika virus infection in the Americas was reported in Northeast Brazil in May 2015, although phylogenetic studies indicate virus introduction as early as 2013. Zika rapidly spread across Brazil and to more than 50 other countries and territories on the American continent. The Aedesaegypti mosquito is thought to be the principal vector responsible for the widespread transmission of the virus. However, sexual transmission has also been reported. The explosively emerging epidemic has had diverse impacts on population health, coinciding with cases of Guillain-Barre Syndrome and an unexpected epidemic of newborns with microcephaly and other neurological impairments. This led to Brazil declaring a national public health emergency in November 2015, followed by a similar decision by the World Health Organization three months later. While dengue virus serotypes took several decades to spread across Brazil, the Zika virus epidemic diffused within months, extending beyond the area of permanent dengue transmission, which is bound by a climatic barrier in the south and low population density areas in the north. This rapid spread was probably due to a combination of factors, including a massive susceptible population, climatic conditions conducive for the mosquito vector, alternative non-vector transmission, and a highly mobile population. The epidemic has since subsided, but many unanswered questions remain. In this article, we provide an overview of the discovery of Zika virus in Brazil, including its emergence and spread, epidemiological surveillance, vector and non-vector transmission routes, clinical complications, and socio-economic impacts. We discuss gaps in the knowledge and the challenges ahead to anticipate, prevent, and control emerging and re-emerging epidemics of arboviruses in Brazil and worldwide

Detección de Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) en el municipio de Istmina, Chocó, Colombia

Introducción. Aedes albopictus se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en el mundo. Su introducción en las Américas ocurrió en 1985 y se le considera vector potencial de los virus del dengue y uno de los principales vectores del virus del chikungunya. En Colombia, su primer reporte fue en Leticia, Amazonas, en 1998, seguido de Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca, en 2001, Barrancabermeja, Santander, en 2010 y Medellín, Antioquia, en 2011. La especie se ha reportado en diez departamentos del país. Objetivo. Notificar el hallazgo de A. albopictus en el municipio de Istmina, Chocó, y dar cuenta de su importancia en salud pública. Materiales y métodos. En enero de 2015 se inspeccionaron criaderos de los barrios de San Agustín, Santa Genoveva y Subestación del municipio de Istmina para la detección de formas inmaduras de Aedes spp. Las larvas recolectadas fueron identificadas en la Unidad de Entomología del Laboratorio de Salud Pública Departamental de Chocó y confirmadas en el Laboratorio de Entomología de la Red Nacional de Laboratorios del Instituto Nacional de Salud en Bogotá. Resultados. Se encontraron doce larvas de A. albopictus en criaderos ubicados en los barrios Subestación y San Agustín en el municipio de Istmina. Conclusión. La detección de A. albopictus en el municipio de Istmina resalta la importancia del fortalecimiento de las estrategias de vigilancia entomológica continua a nivel municipal y departamental en el país, y especialmente en Istmina y los municipios aledaños

Detection of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) in the municipality of Istmina, Chocó, Colombia.

Notificar el hallazgo de A. albopictus en el municipio de Istmina, Chocó, y dar cuenta de su importancia en salud pú[email protected]

Proposed inclusion of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) into the vector-control dynamics system.

<p>Red arrows and node represent the inclusion of the FHS as a new intervenient subsystem.</p

Male accessory gland substances from Aedes albopictus affect the locomotor activity of Aedes aegypti females

Dengue is one of the world&#8217;s most important mosquito-borne diseases and is usually transmitted by one of two vector species: Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus . These two diurnal mosquitoes are frequently found coexisting in similar habitats, enabling interactions between adults, such as cross-mating. The objective of this study was to assess cross-mating between Ae. aegypti females and Ae. albopictus males under artificial conditions and evaluate the locomotor activity of Ae. aegypti virgin females injected with male accessory gland (MAG) homogenates to infer the physiological and behavioural responses to interspecific mating. After seven days of exposure, 3.3-16% of Ae. aegypti females mated with Ae. albopictus males. Virgin Ae. aegypti females injected with conspecific and heterospecific MAGs showed a general decrease in locomotor activity compared to controls and were refractory to mating with conspecific males. The reduction in diurnal locomotor activity induced by injections of conspecific or heterospecific MAGs is consistent with regulation of female reproductive activities by male substances, which are capable of sterilising female Ae. aegypti through satyrisation by Ae. albopictus

Temporal Distribution of Aedes aegypti in Different Districts of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, Measured by Two Types of Traps

Submitted by Frederico Azevedo ([email protected]) on 2010-11-04T17:59:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 temporal_distribution_of.pdf: 771724 bytes, checksum: 4e95242ca47d9f1db3afe4b35bd55885 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2010-11-04T17:59:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 temporal_distribution_of.pdf: 771724 bytes, checksum: 4e95242ca47d9f1db3afe4b35bd55885 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FiocruzPrograma de Computação Científica - FiocruzSecretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro - Fundação Nacional de SaúdeInstituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde - ICICT - Fiocruz,Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FiocruzDengue dynamics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as in many dengue-endemic regions of the world, is seasonal, with peaks during the wetÐhot months. This temporal pattern is generally attributed to the dynamics of its mosquito vector Aedes aegypti (L.). The objectives of this study were to characterize the temporal pattern of Ae. aegypti population dynamics in three neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro and its association with local meteorological variables; and to compare positivity and density indices obtained with ovitraps and MosquiTraps. The three neighborhoods are distinct in vegetation coverage, sanitation, water supply, and urbanization. Mosquito sampling was carried out weekly, from September 2006 to March 2008, a period during which large dengue epidemics occurred in the city. Our results show peaks of oviposition in early summer 2007 and late summer 2008, detected by both traps. The ovitrap provided a more sensitive index than MosquiTrap. The MosquiTrap detection threshold showed high variation among areas, corresponding to a mean egg density of 25Ð52 eggs per ovitrap. Both temperature and rainfall were signiÞcantly related to Ae. aegypti indices at a short (1 wk) time lag. Our results suggest that mean weekly temperature above 22Ð24 C is strongly associated with high Ae. aegypti abundance and consequently with an increased risk of dengue transmission. Understanding the effects of meteorological variables on Ae. aegypti population dynamics will help to target control measures at the times when vector populations are greatest, contributing to the development of climate-based control and surveillance measures for dengue fever in a hyperendemic area

Vector-control dynamics system.

<p>Blue and red arrows represent, respectively, inputs from and outputs to elements outside the system boundaries.</p