Usuários de álcool e outras drogas na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial: Cuidado de Enfermagem

Objective: To analyze the production of care provided by the nursing team to users of alcohol and other drugs in the Psychosocial Care Network. Methods: Exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, developed with 11 professionals from the nursing team working in three health services of the Network, located in a city in the interior of Bahia, Brazil. Data were collected between December 2017 and February 2018 using semi-structured interviews. Results: The results point to users' access to the Network based on refer and reference; the reception activities have been developed only by the Psychosocial Care Centers and the emotional bond has been shown to be fragile. Conclusion: It is concluded that nursing care in the Network has been developed in a fragmented and punctual way, therefore, devices such as access, reception and bonding must be worked with the entire health team in favor of comprehensive care.Objetivo: Analizar la producción de cuidados del equipo de enfermería para usuarios de alcohol y drogas en la Red de Atención Psicosocial. Método: Estudio exploratorio y descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, desarrollado con 11 profesionales del equipo de enfermería que trabajan en tres servicios de salud de la Red, ubicados en una ciudad del interior de Bahía, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados entre diciembre de 2017 y febrero de 2018 mediante entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: Los resultados apuntan al acceso de los usuarios a la Red a través de reenvío y referencia; las actividades de acogida han sido desarrolladas únicamente por los Centros de Atención Psicosocial y se ha demostrado que el vínculo es frágil. Conclusión: Se concluye que el cuidado de enfermería en la Red se ha desarrollado de manera fragmentada y puntual, por lo que dispositivos como el acceso, la recepción y el vínculo deben trabajarse con todo el equipo de salud a favor de la atención integral.Objetivo: Analisar a produção do cuidado da equipe de enfermagem aos usuários de álcool e outras drogas na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. Método: Estudo exploratório e descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com 11 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem atuantes em três serviços de saúde da Rede, localizados num município do interior da Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre dezembro de 2017 e fevereiro de 2018 utilizando-se da entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: Os resultados apontam para um acesso dos usuários a Rede a partir de encaminhamentos e referências; as atividades de acolhimento têm sido desenvolvidas apenas pelos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial e o vínculo tem se demonstrado como frágil. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o cuidado de enfermagem na Rede tem se desenvolvido de modo fragmentado e pontual, logo, dispositivos como acesso, acolhimento e vínculo devem ser trabalhados com toda equipe de saúde em prol de uma assistência integral

Relação entre tempo de cuidado e necessidades de familiares cuidadores de idoso em cuidados paliativos.

Objective: to verify the relationship between the time spent in providing care and the main needs of the family caregiver of hospitalized elderly people in palliative care. Method: this was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. It was carried out with 205 family caregivers of elderly people undergoing palliative care in a large hospital in a Northeast of Brazil capital. The data collection took place between August and October 2019 using a validated questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, care time, and 21 questions related to basic human needs. A chi-square test was used to verify the relationship between the aspects of each dimension (physical, emotional, social and spiritual) and the length of care; a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: family caregivers had high percentages of needs related to emotional control, conflict resolution with themselves, difficulty leaving home, making plans and being able to carry them out, and suppressing their economic and financial demands related with the longer time spent in monitoring their beloved one. Conclusion: the results of this study provide a profile of the main needs for family caregiver. This makes evident that caregivers need support from the health team in order to develop strategies for their emotional control, minimize their conflicts with themselves, review their personal demands, and maintain a routine of leisure activities while also feeling good to perform future plans.Objetivo: Verificar la relación entre el factor tiempo dispensado en la prestación de cuidados y las principales necesidades de la persona cuidadora familiar de población adulta mayor hospitalaria y en cuidados paliativos. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 205 cuidadores familiares de personas adultas mayores sometidas a cuidados paliativos en un gran hospital de una capital del Noreste de Brasil. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo entre agosto y octubre de 2019, mediante un cuestionario validado que incluía datos sociodemográficos, el tiempo de cuidado y 21 preguntas relacionadas con las necesidades humanas básicas. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado para verificar la asociación entre los aspectos de cada dimensión (físico, emocional, social y espiritual) y la duración del cuidado, considerando un valor de p ≤ 0.05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: Las personas cuidadoras familiares presentaron altos porcentajes de necesidades, relacionadas con el control emocional, la resolución de conflictos consigo mismas, salir de casa, hacer planes y poder llevarlos a cabo y suprimir sus demandas económicas y financieras asociadas al mayor tiempo dedicado al seguimiento de su familiar. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio aportan un perfil de las principales necesidades de la persona cuidadora familiar, evidenciando que esta persona necesita apoyo del equipo de salud, con el fin de desarrollar estrategias para su control emocional, minimizar conflictos consigo misma, revisar sus demandas personales y mantener la rutina de actividades de ocio, además de sentirse bien para realizar planes futuros.Objetivo: verificar a relação entre o fator tempo dispensado na prestação dos cuidados e as principais necessidades do familiar cuidador de pessoas idosas hospitalizadas e em cuidados paliativos. Método: estudo descritivo de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 205 familiares cuidadores de pessoas idosas em cuidados paliativos num hospital de grande porte de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de agosto e outubro de 2019 utilizando-se de um questionário validado que contemplou dados sociodemográficos, o tempo de cuidados e 21 perguntas relacionadas as necessidades humanas básicas. Foi usado o teste qui quadrado para verificar a relação entre os aspectos de cada uma das dimensões (física, emocional, social e espiritual) e o tempo de cuidado considerando-se como estatisticamente significante um p-valor ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Os cuidadores familiares apresentaram elevados percentuais de necessidades relacionadas ao controle emocional, resolução de conflitos consigo mesmo, dificuldade em sair de casa, fazer planos e poder realizá-los e suprimir suas demandas econômico-financeiras associadas ao maior tempo gasto no acompanhamento do ente querido. Conclusões: os resultados deste estudo fornecem um perfil das principais necessidades do familiar cuidador, ficando evidente que esse cuidador necessita de suporte, por parte da equipe de saúde, no sentido de desenvolver estratégias para seu controle emocional, minimizar os conflitos consigo próprio, rever suas demandas pessoais e manter a rotina de atividades de lazer, além de sentir-se bem para realizar planos futuros

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Long-stay institutions for the elderly: physical-structural and organizational aspects

Abstract Objective: To characterize long-stay institutions for the elderly in respect to physical-structural and organizational aspects. Method: This descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative research was carried out in four long-stay institutions for the elderly in Salvador - Bahia, Brazil, between September and November 2013. Data were collected from the technical officers of the institutions using a questionnaire based on National Health Surveillance Agency standards. Results: This study highlights a partial compliance with current regulations both in respect to the physical-structural and organizational aspects. The elderly are exposed to an environment that is sometimes unhealthy with risk factors for health problems. Conclusion and implications for practice: There is need for adjustments in the institutions to comply with current legislation. This study shows the importance of a multidisciplinary team to provide comprehensive care of institutionalized elderly, with emphasis on the role of nurses in the qualification of institutions and valorization of the elderly

The Rapid Test Based on <i>Leishmania infantum</i> Chimeric rK28 Protein Improves the Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis by Reducing the Detection of False-Positive Dogs

<div><p>Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) has spread to many urban centers worldwide. Dogs are considered the main reservoir of VL, because canine cases often precede the occurrence of human cases. Detection and euthanasia of serologically positive dogs is one of the primary VL control measures utilized in some countries, including Brazil. Using accurate diagnostic tests can minimize one undesirable consequence of this measure, culling false-positive dogs, and reduce the maintenance of false-negative dogs in endemic areas. In December 2011, the Brazilian Ministry of Health replaced the ELISA (EIE CVL) screening method and Indirect Immunofluorescence Test (IFI CVL) confirmatory method with a new protocol using the rapid DPP CVL screening test and EIE CVL confirmatory test. A study of diagnostic accuracy of these two protocols was done by comparing their performance using serum samples collected from a random sample of 780 dogs in an endemic area of VL. All samples were evaluated by culture and real time PCR; 766 out of the 780 dogs were tested using the previous protocol (IFI CVL + EIE CVL) and all 780 were tested using the current protocol (DPP CVL + EIE CVL). Performances of both diagnostic protocols were evaluated using a latent class variable as the gold standard. The current protocol had a higher specificity (0.98 vs. 0.95) and PPV (0.83 vs. 0.70) than the previous protocol, although sensitivity of these two protocols was similar (0.73). When tested using sera from asymptomatic animals, the current protocol had a much higher PPV (0.63 vs. 0.40) than the previous protocol (although the sensitivity of either protocol was the same, 0.71). Considering a range of theoretical CVL prevalences, the projected PPVs were higher for the current protocol than for the previous protocol for each theoretical prevalence value. The findings presented herein show that the current protocol performed better than previous protocol primarily by reducing false-positive results.</p></div

Percent of positive results of five CVL diagnostic tests performed on canine sera samples from an endemic area of Camaçari.

<p>Percent of positive results of five CVL diagnostic tests performed on canine sera samples from an endemic area of Camaçari.</p