Relações de vinculação íntimas, relações familiares e bem-estar psicológico : um estudo com jovens adultos

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (área de especialização de Psicologia Clínica)O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal avaliar a relação entre as relações familiares e o estilo de vinculação íntima dos jovens adultos. Apresenta ainda como objetivos específicos: 1) avaliar a prevalência dos diferentes estilos de vinculação íntima em jovens adultos; 2) aferir a existência de relações entre o género dos participantes e o seu estilo de vinculação íntima; 3) verificar a existência de diferenças entre o sexo feminino e o sexo masculino ao nível de dimensões relevantes para a vinculação íntima; 4) avaliar a existência de diferenças entre indivíduos com um estilo de vinculação íntima seguro e inseguro ao nível das dimensões da representação da vinculação ao pai e à mãe; 5) aferir a existência de relações entre o estilo de vinculação íntima e a estrutura familiar (famílias intactas vs famílias divorciadas); 6) avaliar diferenças entre indivíduos com um estilo de vinculação íntima seguro e inseguro ao nível das dimensões do conflito interparental; 7) avaliar diferenças entre indivíduos seguros e inseguros na relação de vinculação íntima ao nível de vários índices de perturbação psicopatológica e 8) verificar se a perturbação emocional se encontra associada ao estilo de vinculação estabelecido com o parceiro romântico. Para a concretização destes objetivos foram utilizados instrumentos de autorrelato para a avaliação e caracterização da vinculação íntima, avaliação da vinculação aos pais, avaliação do conflito interparental e avaliação da sintomatologia psicopatológica. A amostra foi constituída por 300 jovens adultos estudantes universitários com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 35 anos, sendo 191 (63.7%) participantes do sexo feminino e 109 (36.3%) do sexo masculino. Relativamente aos resultados, a maioria dos participantes foram classificados com um estilo de vinculação íntima inseguro (63.1%), não se verificando associações entre o género dos participantes e o seu estilo de vinculação íntima. Todavia, verificou-se que os homens apresentaram maior evitamento da proximidade nas suas relações de vinculação íntimas do que as mulheres. No que respeita às relações familiares, os participantes com um estilo de vinculação íntima inseguro apresentaram maior Inibição da Exploração e Individualidade, maior Ansiedade de Separação e Dependência e menor Qualidade do Laço Emocional face ao pai e à mãe. Verificou-se ainda uma associação significativa entre os estilos de vinculação íntima e a sua estrutura familiar, e diferenças entre indivíduos com um estilo de vinculação íntima seguro e inseguro ao nível do conflito interparental. Relativamente ao bemestar psicológico, foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre indivíduos com um estilo de vinculação íntima seguro e inseguro, com estes últimos a pontuarem significativamente mais em todas as dimensões de psicopatologia e índices do BSI (Derogatis, 1982). Estes resultados são discutidos com recurso a uma interseção da literatura respeitante à Teoria da Vinculação na infância e na idade adulta, à qualidade das relações íntimas em termos de vinculação, à psicopatologia e características das relações familiares, particularmente o divórcio parental e conflito interparental.The present study has the main objective to examine the relationship between family relationships and romantic attachment style of young adults. The study encompasses as specific purpose: 1) to assess the prevalence of romantic attachment style in young adults; 2) to assess the existence of relationships between the gender of the participants and their romantic attachment style; 3) to explore differences between females and males in terms of romantic attachment relevant measures; 4) to evaluate differences between secure and insecure romantic attachment style on representation of the dimensions of attachment to father and mother; 5) to assess the existence of relationships between romantic attachment style and family structure (intact families versus divorced families); 6) to explore differences between secure and insecure romantic attachment style on the dimensions of interparental conflict; 7) to evaluate differences secure and insecure romantic attachment style on measures of psychopathology and 8) to assess the existence the relationships between romantic attachment style and the emotional distress. In order to fulfill these purposes, participants filled in self-report measures for the assessment and characterization of the romantic attachment style, assessment of attachment to parents, interparental conflict and evaluation of psychopathological symptoms. The sample was composed by 300 young adults college students, ages ranging from 18 to 35 years old, 191 (63.7%) female and 109 (36.3%) male participants. Results revealed that most of the participants were classified with an insecure romantic attachment style (63.1%) and no association was found between the gender of the participants and their romantic attachment style. However, it was found that males presented greater avoidance in their romantic relationships than women. Concerning to family relationships, participants with an insecure romantic attachment style reported more Inhibition of Exploration and Individuality, greater Separation Anxiety and lower Quality of Emotional Bond in father/mother attachment compared to the secure romantic attachment group. There was also a association between romantic attachment styles and their family structure, and differences between individuals with a secure and insecure romantic attachment style on interparental conflict. Regarding the psychological well-being, significant differences were found between individuals with a secure and insecure romantic attachment style, these having scored higher on all psychopathology scales. These results are discussed by means of an intercrossing of attachment theory in childhood and adulthood, quality of intimate relationships in terms of attachment, psychopathology and characteristics of family relationships, specifically parental divorce and interparental conflict

Contribution to the study of Kefir and its by-products on skin health

The skin is a functional organ with a fundamental role in the maintenance of body homeostasis. Skin barrier dysfunction correlates with atopic dermatitis (AD) clinical severity and together with immune dysregulation are at the onset of AD. Ingestion of probiotics has shown beneficial effects on skin health, namely in the reduction of severity in AD. Kefir, a traditional fermented food, has numerous health benefits due to its unique microbial and chemical composition, which is reflected in both its microbiological diversity and its excellent nutritional value, thus making its application as a probiotic in the intestine-skin relationship of the utmost interest. However, in the literature there is still no evidence on the impact of a diet containing kefir on skin health, of either healthy or atopic. This work examined the physicochemical and the nutritional profile of kefir produced in traditional household conditions by fermentation of ultra-high temperature pasteurized (UHT) semi-skimmed cow milk using argentinean kefir grains and compare the stability and nutritional compliance of freshly made and refrigerated kefir, and explored the impact of the intake of this homemade kefir in the skin and in the gastrointestinal symptons of healthy and AD skin volunteers. Additionaly, the acceptance of the kefir drink in a sample of Portuguese consumers was also explored, once kefir is characterized by a unique flavor and aroma and it is not traditionally consumed in Portugal. Results of this research indicate that kefir produced under home use conditions maintains the expected characteristics with respect to the physicochemical parameters and composition, both after fermentation and after two days of refrigerated storage and showed a good acceptance, which supported the protocol adopted. Additionaly, the kefir intervention explored in this study showed an improvement on skin barrier function in both healthy and atopic skin subjects verified only in the respective kefir intake groups. An improvement in the degree of severity of AD was also confirmed for the kefir intake group. This study also showed a higher improvement on functional gastrointestinal symptoms in the kefir intake groups on both healthy and atopic skin subjects. To our knowledge, this was the first human in vivo study to provide information regarding the impact of the intake of homemade kefir on both skin health and functional gastrointestinal symptoms of volunteers with healthy and AD skin. Overall, this work further contributes to the characterization of this food product that is so widely consumed around the world by focusing on kefir that was produced in a typical household setting. Provides valuable information regarding the evaluation of skin health namely atopic skin and opens the possibility to continue the research on the impact of the probiotic kefir on cutaneous health, and its mechanism of action namely via gut-skin axis

Uma abordagem baseada em filtragem colaborativa integrada a mapas de saliência para a recomendação de imagens

Nowadays, the amount of customers using sites for shopping is greatly increasing, mainly due to the easiness and rapidity of this way of consumption. The sites, differently from physical stores, can make anything available to customers. In this context, Recommender Systems (RS) have become indispensable to help consumers to find products that may possibly pleasant or be useful to them. These systems often use techniques of Collaborating Filtering (CF), whose main underlying idea is that products are recommended to a given user based on purchase information and evaluations of past, by a group of users similar to the user who is requesting recommendation. One of the main challenges faced by such a technique is the need of the user to provide some information about her preferences on products in order to get further recommendations from the system. When there are items that do not have ratings or that possess quite few ratings available, the recommender system performs poorly. This problem is known as new item cold-start. In this paper, we propose to investigate in what extent information on visual attention can help to produce more accurate recommendation models. We present a new CF strategy, called IKB-MS, that uses visual attention to characterize images and alleviate the new item cold-start problem. In order to validate this strategy, we created a clothing image database and we use three algorithms well known for the extraction of visual attention these images. An extensive set of experiments shows that our approach is efficient and outperforms state-of-the-art CF RS.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorDissertação (Mestrado)Hoje em dia, a quantidade de consumidores que utilizam sites para realizar compras está aumentando muito, principalmente devido à facilidade e rapidez dessa forma de consumo. Os sites, diferentemente de lojas físicas, podem mostrar qualquer conteúdo existente para os clientes. Nesse contexto, Sistemas de Recomendação (SR) tornaram-se indispensáveis para ajudar os consumidores a encontrar produtos que podem, eventualmente, ser agradáveis ou úteis para eles. Esses sistemas, geralmente, usam técnicas de Filtragem Colaborativa (FC), cuja principal ideia é que os produtos são recomendados para um determinado usuário com base em informações sobre compras e avaliações realizadas no passado, por um grupo de usuários similares ao usuário que está pedindo recomendação. Um dos principais desafios enfrentados por tal técnica é a necessidade de o usuário fornecer algumas informações sobre suas preferências sobre os produtos, a fim de obter novas recomendações do sistema. Quando há itens que não têm avaliações ou que possuem poucas avaliações disponíveis, o sistema de recomendação executa mal. Esse problema é conhecido como problema de partida a frio de itens. Neste trabalho, propomos investigar em que ponto a informação sobre a atenção visual pode ajudar a produzir modelos mais precisos de recomendação. Nós apresentamos uma nova estratégia de FC, denominada IKB-MS, que utiliza atenção visual para caracterizar as imagens e minimizar o problema de partida a frio de itens. A fim de validar essa estratégia, criamos um banco de dados de imagens de roupas e usamos três algoritmos bem conhecidos para a extração da atenção visual dessas imagens. Um extenso conjunto de experimentos mostra que a nossa abordagem é eficiente e supera os SR de FC do estado-da-arte

Social exclusion in public policies and the micropolitics of an association founded by migrants

The theme of social exclusion has gained visibility in recent years through political discourse. This paper problematises the issue of social exclusion by analysing the hegemonic discourse in public policies and the alternative discourse grounded on the policies of an association, a civil society organization, facilitated by migrants and their descendants. The analysis is the result of a participatory research study based on the collection of documentation and semi-structured interviews. The hegemonic discourse on social exclusion was analysed through empirical data from the perspective of those who inhabit and/or intervene in a neighbourhood that is the object of public policies targeting the so-called \u27excluded\u27. Several paradoxes were identified between the social exclusion discourses conveyed in public policies and in the micropolitics of this association. The discourse, goals and working methods that characterise the micropolitics of the association contribute to the emergence of new forms of singularisation, through adult education initiatives. (DIPF/Orig.

Popular education in an association. Expert by experience and work in tandem

The aim of this paper is to analyse the dynamics of popular education in the Associação Cultural Moinho da Juventude focusing on the expert by experience and the work in tandem. The expert by experience is someone who has personal life experience of poverty and social exclusion and who has also undergone specific training in these areas. The work in tandem is a work methodology involving two individuals and grounded on the complementarity of knowledge. The empirical data was collected using participatory action research. In conceptual terms, the paper is framed by critical theory and popular education. The research findings point to diversified and continuing popular education dynamics in the initiatives of this association, managed by residents in several interdependent areas (social, cultural, urbanistic, educational, etc) across a long time period. Its practices are geared towards emancipation and the construction of a more just world, with less inequality. Popular education has contributed both to the qualification and the promotion of the power to act of the experts by experience who take action in the neighbourhood, in tandem, in various areas of intervention. (DIPF/Orig.

As repercussões do processo de Bolonha nas universidades portuguesas: o que dizem os estudos e os professores?

Tendo como referencial teórico os trabalhos que discutem a agenda globalmente estruturada para a Educação (Dale, 2004; Antunes, 2006), a universidade na sociedade e no contexto da economia do conhecimento (Afonso, 2015; Magalhães, 2011), o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as repercussões do Processo de Bolonha nos cursos de formação de professores das Instituições de Ensino Superior em Portugal. Foi feito um mapeamento da produção científica a fim de conhecer as mudanças e desafios dos cursos de formação de professores de instituições de ensino superior em Portugal. O corpus de análise inclui periódicos portugueses e estudos do Repositório Aberto de Portugal, além de entrevistas (gravadas e transcritas) realizadas com dois formadores dos ensinos universitário e politécnico, ambos da região norte do país, acerca do processo de reestruturação dos cursos, das mudanças operadas e seus efeitos. O critério de seleção dos professores deve-se à participação destes no processo de reformulação dos planos de ensino de cursos de formação de professores no contexto de Bolonha. O corpus de análise foi submetido à análise de conteúdo, com base em categorias extraídas das entrevistas e da produção mapeada. Os resultados, ainda preliminares, indicam que mudanças pretendidas por Bolonha, como o ensino mais centrado no aluno e consequentemente sua maior autonomia no processo formativo não foram ainda alcançadas e evidenciam tensões na reorganização dos cursos, ao nível da sua concepção e implementação, pois a redução do tempo dedicado às disciplinas de cariz pedagógico é apontada como um retrocesso na formação dos futuros docentes.The theoretical framework of this study is the study of the globally structured agenda for education (Dale, 2004; Antunes, 2006), the university in society and in the context of the knowledge economy (Afonso, 2015; Magalhães, 2011), objective to investigate the repercussions of the Bologna Process on the training courses for teachers of Higher Education Institutions in Portugal. A mapping of the scientific production was made in order to know the changes and challenges of the training courses for teachers of higher education institutions in Portugal. The corpus of analysis includes Portuguese periodicals and studies from the Open Repository of Portugal, as well as interviews (recorded and transcribed) with two university and polytechnic instructors, both from the north of the country, about the process of restructuring courses, changes and their effects. The selection criterion of teachers is due to their participation in the process of reformulation of teaching plans for teacher training courses in the context of Bologna. The corpus of analysis was submitted to content analysis, based on categories extracted from interviews and mapped production. The results, which are still preliminary, indicate that changes intended by Bologna, such as more student-centered teaching and consequently greater autonomy in the training process, have not yet been achieved and show tensions in the reorganization of the courses, at the level of their design and implementation, since the reduction of the time devoted to pedagogical disciplines is pointed out as a setback in the training of future teachers.Este trabalho é apoiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., no âmbito do projeto UID/CED/00167/2013 do Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Educativas (CIIE).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educação sexual : os desafios e realidades : um projeto de intervenção comunitária na escola

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Educação (área de especialização em Educação de Adultos e Intervenção Comunitária)Este trabalho insere-se no eixo temático da Educação. Numa primeira fase problematiza e tenta compreender, sob uma perspetiva histórica e conceptual, a evolução da Sexualidade e Educação Sexual em Portugal. Reflete o enquadramento legal da educação sexual de forma a percebermos os avanços e recuos dos normativos publicados no âmbito das sucessivas políticas na pré e pós democracia, os impactos da mentalidade da sociedade, bloqueadores da intervenção com crianças e jovens. Caracterizam-se os contextos: local, regional e comunidade escolar, sustentadores das ações. Procura enquadrar conceptualmente o projeto de intervenção, justifica-o, apresenta as finalidades e objetivos e contextualiza o paradigma de investigação adotado: investigação-ação participativa. Na sua continuidade problematiza conceptualmente a Sexualidade e Educação Sexual, enfatizando a abordagem nesta área como instrumento de poder, de modo a desenvolver o conhecimento, promover atitudes e competências transversais nos jovens. Reforça um viver assertivo da triangulação Eu, Alter e Sociedade, permitindo lidar com as situações de forma consciente e refletida, treinar a assertividade dos comportamentos de forma a realizar escolhas na área da sexualidade. É expectável que esta intervenção seja um importante contributo na (in)formação dos jovens, melhorando os seus relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais, reduzindo consequências negativas de comportamentos sexuais, como a gravidez não planeada e as infeções sexualmente transmissíveis, prevenindo situações de abuso e exploração sexual. A intervenção nesta matéria não se esgota no trabalho individual centrado no aluno, mas apresenta-se como transversal, logo, transferível para dimensões globais do ser cidadão. Com este estudo pretende-se dotar os agentes da escola e da comunidade para que, pela sua ação, contribuam para a construção de uma sexualidade assertiva e saudável, em equilíbrio e valorizem o seu papel e dos demais agentes da comunidade, nomeadamente a família, a escola e os parceiros da sociedade civil. Este trabalho apresenta as ações realizadas no âmbito da educação sexual escolar, campo de manifesta dificuldade de intervenção dos agentes, emergindo uma efetiva necessidade de formação resultado da avaliação de diagnóstico realizada. A escola constitui-se como um micro- espaço de poder e influência dos nossos jovens, assim, o presente projeto, pelas atividades levadas a efeito, intervém com os vários agentes da sua comunidade, principalmente professores, pais, pontualmente com alunos e assistentes operacionais. O projeto “salta as redes” da escola uma vez reclamado pelos parceiros. Sistematiza a avaliação das ações e seus impactos no desenvolvimento individual dos profissionais e no coletivo da comunidade escola/parceiros.This work is integrated in the theme of Education. For a start it tries to understand the evolution of Sexuality and Sexual Education in Portugal and makes it problematic on a historical and conceptual perspective. It reflects the legal frame of the sexual education so as to make us realize the progress and retreat of the standards published within the successive policies in the pre and post democracy as well as the impacts of society mentality that block the intervention with children and youth. The local, regional and school community contexts, being supporters of the actions are to be characterised. This research tries to fit in the intervention project conceptually, it accounts for it and presents the purposes and objectives. It also contextualizes the paradigm of investigation adopted so far: participatory action-research. It makes both the sexuality and Sexual education conceptually problematic in its continuity, stressing the approach on this field as power tool so as to develop knowledge, promote attitudes and transverse skills in youth. It reinforces an assertive living of the triangle I, Alter and Society, allowing us to deal with the situations in a reflexive and conscious way. It also makes possible to train the assertiveness of behaviours in order to make choices in the Sexuality matter.This intervention hopes to become a relevant contribution of youth information and formation, improving their affection-sexual behaviours; thus, reducing negative consequences of sexual behaviours such as non-planned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, preventing from abuse and sexual exploitation situations. The intervention in this subject does not finish in the individual work centred on the student, it rather presents itself as transversal, therefore, transferred to the global dimensions of being a citizen. With this study I intend to endow the school and community agents so that through their action, they contribute to a balanced, assertive and healthy sexuality and give value to their role and to the other community agents, namely family, school and civil society partners. This research presents the workshops attended on school sexual education, a field of particular difficulty of agents’ intervention, emerging an effective need of formation as a result of the diagnosis evaluation previously carried out. School sets up a micro-space of power and influence on our youth, thus, the following project through the carried out activities deals with the several agents of their community: above all teachers, parents, in due time with students and operational assistants. The project goes beyond the school gate once claimed by its partners. It systematises the workshops evaluation and their impacts on the professionals’ individual development as well as the school community partners

Injury risks for fitness instructors: a review of key factors

The labour risks control is an occupational health concern. Fitness participants have been increasing in the last years (Lindwall, 2004). Clients’ demand and the increase in classes number take the fitness instructors (FI) to a higher injuries exposure due to high workload. It is possible to observe several variations in aerobic dance, cycling, pilates, strength training, flexibility and balance. The main differences are in the cardiovascular intensities and the low to high impact dance (Van Mechelen, Hlobil & Kemper, 1992). The FI are exposed to high volumes of classes and injuries risks due to the high number of students and classes (Couto et al., 2016). As far as our understanding goes, FI are 50% more prone to injuries incidence in comparison to students. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess by a bibliographic research the health and injuries risk in FI. This is a bibliographic review made in PUBMED, Google Scholar, SCIELO and Web of Science. The used keywords were “fitness instructors injuries”, “fitness professor’s injuries”, and “fitness instructor’s risks”. From an analysis of 23 papers, ten were chosen considering title and abstract. After a full integral analysis, only five papers were selected for revision. The others did not aimed to analyse the injuries and the health risks for FI. The selected papers approached the injuries and health risk factors for FI. There is a positive and significant correlation between the formation levels and injuries incidence prevention in FI and students (Malek, Nalbone, Berger & Coburn, 2002). FI with higher classification prevent higher frequency of injuries events. The injuries prevalence was superior in FI than in students (72.4 – 75.9% and 22.8 – 43.3% respectively) (Mutoh, Sawai, Takanashi & Skurko, 1998; Francis, Francis & Welshons-Smith, 1985). The injuries were general inflammations, muscle strains or sprains and stress fractures by overuse (Rothenberger, Chang & Cable, 1988). The FI are more exposed to injuries than students are (0.17 injuries/100h vs 0.15/100h of practice, respectively) and about 77% of the injuries were in the lower limbs (Garrick, Gillien & Whiteside, 1986). There is a lack of research in FI injuries risk of factors. However, FI seem to have a higher exposure to injuries in comparison to students. The high workload seem to be determinant to the incidence of overuse injuries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio