Microtopography and Thickness Measurement with Digital Holographic Microscopy Highlighting and Its Tomographic Capacity

The refocusing capacity is a unique feature of digital holography. In this chapter, we show the capability of reconstructing digital holograms at different planes for different purposes. One of such purposes is to increase the focus depth of the microscope system. First, we show experimental results of the feasibility to perform digital holographic microscopy (DHM) using a Mirau interferometric objective. A profile phase comparison of a 4.2 μm high microlens using interferometry and DHM, extending the depth of focus of the microscope objective as proof of the proposal, is presented. Second, it is also useful in reducing shot noise when using an LED as a light source. In order to attain the reduction noise, we performed an averaging process of phase and amplitude images reconstructed at different reconstruction distances. This reconstruction range is performed within the focus depth of the optical system. We get a reduction of 50% shot noise. Finally, we show a strategy based on this tomographic capability of reducing a ringing effect by using an ideal filter in off‐axis digital holography

Easy access to modified cyclodextrins by an intramolecular radical approach

A simple method to modify the primary face of cyclodextrins (CDs) is described. The 6I-O-yl radical of a-, b-, and g-CDs regioselectively abstracts the H5II, located in the adjacent d-glucose unit, by an intramolecular 1,8-hydrogenatom-transfer reaction through a geometrically restricted ninemembered transition state to give a stable 1,3,5-trioxocane ring. The reaction has been extended to the 1,4-diols of a- and b-CD to give the corresponding bis(trioxocane)s. The C2-symmetric bis(trioxocane) corresponding to the a-CD is a stable crystalline solid whose structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The calculated geometric parameters confirm that the primary face is severely distorted toward a narrower elliptical shape for this rim

Radical-mediated C–H functionalization : a strategy for access to modified cyclodextrins

A simple and efficient radical C–H functionalization to access modified cyclodextrins (CDs) has been developed. The well-defined conformation of glycosidic and aglyconic bonds in α-, β-, and γ-CDs favors the intramolecular 1,8-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) promoted by the 6I-O-yl radical, which abstracts regioselectively the hydrogen at C5II of the contiguous pyranose. The C5II-radical evolves by a polar crossover mechanism to a stable 1,3,5-trioxocane ring between two adjacent glucoses or alternatively triggers the inversion of one α-d-glucose into a 5-C-acetoxy-β-l-idose unit possessing a 1C4 conformation. The 6I,IV- and 6I,III-diols of α- and β-CDs behave similarly to the monoalcohols, forming mostly compounds originating from two 1,8-HAT consecutive processes. In the case of 6I,II-diols the proximity of the two 6-O-yl radicals in adjacent sugar units allows the formation of unique lactone rings within the CD framework via a 1,8-HAT−β-scission tandem mechanism. X-ray diffraction carried out on the crystalline 1,4-bis(trioxocane)-α-CD derivative shows a severe distortion toward a narrower elliptical shape for the primary face

Physicochemical Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Nutritional Value in Tuberous Roots of Some Wild Dahlia Species

The aim of this research was to evaluate the physicochemical quality, antioxidant capacity and nutritional value in tuberous roots of some wild dahlia species. The experiment was carried out in the Department of Plant Science of the Autonomous University Chapingo, Mexico. Plants were established in a randomized complete block design with five replications. The total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C (VC), total phenols (TP), antioxidant capacity (AC), inulin and its proximate composition were evaluated. Among the materials analyzed, the most outstanding wild species were Dahlia campanulata, D. coccinea and D. brevis, where D. campanulata stood out for its concentration of VC (0.05 mg 100 g-1), AC (1.88 mg VCEAC g-1), inulin, DM and TC (72.25, 24.38 and 88.37%, respectively), however, the inulin content was similar to D. coccinea (66.17%), which was also outstanding with respect to the content of TP (1.74 mg GA g-1). Likewise, D. brevis presented the highest values of RFi (5.49%) and A (78.42%). According to our results, the tuberous roots of wild dahlia species can be used as food, as well as being a source of selection of traits of nutraceutic interest for genetic improvement

Estudios etnobotánicos sobre plantas medicinales en la provincia de Camagüey (Cuba)

An ethnobotanical study has been conducted on traditional medicinal plant uses in seven communities of the Province of Camagüey, Cuba. Ethnobotanical information on 111 plant species from 96 genera and 55 families have been recorded along with 116 different vernacular names. These species are used in the treatment of 173 local health problems (mainly in respiratory, digestive, liver and gallbladder, and skin disorders). Chemistry composition of 39 species is unknown and ethnopharmacological use of 18 species has not been reported previously in the literature. The data collected in this study contribute to the pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of some of the studied species.<br><br>Como resultado del trabajo de campo realizado en siete comunidades de la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba, sobre el uso popular e indicaciones de plantas medicinales, se presenta información etnobotánica sobre 111 especies de plantas pertenecientes a 96 géneros y a 55 familias. Se obtuvieron 173 indicaciones de uso medicinal, principalmente para afecciones respiratorias, digestivas, hepatobiliares y dermatológicas. Se listaron 116 nombres vernáculos de especies vegetales. Se desconoce la composición química de 39 de las especies y de 18 no se encontraron referencias de su utilización en farmacia. Los datos empíricos obtenidos sobre usos de plantas estimularon la validación farmacológica y toxicológica de algunas de ellas